液质联用技术鉴定清血八味片化学成分研究

目的:采用高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定清血八味片中的化学成分。方法:在负离子条件下采用Halo C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%甲酸-10 mmol/L甲酸铵水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用Scan模式和MRM模式,检测清血八味片中的化学成分。结果:共鉴定出紫草中成分7种、土木香中成分3种、人工牛黄中成分4种、栀子中成分7种、瞿麦中成分7种、甘草中成分12种。结论:该方法快速可靠,操作简便,可用于清血八味片的质量控制研究,为临床药物使用提供一定的依据。     

Successful Treatment for BK Virus Nephropathy by Leflunomide in a Kidney Transplant Patient: A Case Report

IntroductionThe immunosuppressant agents in kidney transplantation (KT) may lead to various complications such as opportunistic infections and malignancies. BK virus associated nephropathy is a significant complication following KT, and it can result in graft failure. BK virus causes tubulointerstitial nephritis, ureter stenosis, and even graft failure in KT recipients with impaired immune system. We described a 63-year-old woman, who was a hepatitis C carrier and on dialysis for 22 years before KT, who received cadaveric-donor KT 2 years previously. She reported decreasing urine output and general weakness. The serum creatinine level was slightly increased from 2.94 to 4.38 mg/dL.MethodsImmunosuppressant medications including prednisolone, everolimus, cyclosporin, and mycophenolate sodium were continued as maintenance therapy post KT. Kidney biopsy was performed due to deterioration of graft function.ResultsThe kidney biopsy showed consistent results with early-stage polyomavirus nephropathy, characterized by focal viral cytopathic changes with positive immunohistochemical signals and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, immune-complex-mediated (Fig 1 and Fig 2). Negative C4d staining at peritubular capillary was reported. The dosage of mycophenolate sodium was tapered from 720 to 360 mg daily and that of everolimus increased from 0.5 to 1.0 mg daily due to BK viral infection with BK nephropathy. The serum creatinine level was 2.75 mg/dL after treatment.ConclusionEarly detection of BK nephropathy and decreasing immunosuppressant agents are the mainstay of treatment. Substituting leflunomide for mycophenolate sodium and increasing dosage of everolimus has been proposed to solve BK nephropathy. We presented that the use of leflunomide in such situation is in a timely manner.     

降糖灵1号降血糖的实验研究

目的　验证降糖灵 1号的降血糖作用。方法　以大、小白鼠为实验动物 ,分别与空白对照、高血糖对照及降糖甲片组和消渴丸组进行对照。研究降糖灵 1号对肾上腺素性和四氧嘧啶性高血糖的药理作用。结果　降糖灵 1号组除与消渴丸组对糖尿病差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )外 ,与其他各组差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　降糖灵 1号具有明显的降血糖作用     

巯亚硝基血红蛋白在小鼠体内产生一氧化氮的作用

本文用Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠观察了巯亚硝基蛋白在体内产生一氧化氮的量效关系，结果发现，ＳＮＯ－Ｈｂ在体内可剂量信赖地产生ＮＯ。     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术后应用香菊片对粘膜转归的影响

目的 观察内镜鼻窦手术后应用香菊片对术腔粘膜转归的影陶。方法 Ⅱ型鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者180例作为治疗组，行内镜鼻窦手术后，在常规辅助治疗基础上加用香菊片口服，并设ll0例Ⅱ型鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者作为对照组，对比观察术腔清洁时间、术腔上皮化时间及术后复发率。结果 治疗组术腔清洁时间平均为：Ⅰ期1．5周，Ⅱ期1．8周，Ⅲ期2．1周；对照组Ⅰ期2．0周，Ⅱ期2．5周，Ⅲ期3．3周，差异有显著性意义(P＜0．01)。治疗组术腔上皮化时间平均为：Ⅰ期7．0周，Ⅱ期7．5周，Ⅲ期7．8周；对照组Ⅰ期8．0周，Ⅱ期8．4周，Ⅲ期9．0周，差异有显著性意义(P＜0．01)。治疗组术后复发率为4．4％，明显少于对照组7．3％。结论 内镜鼻窦手术后，应用香菊片对鼻腔功能的恢复具有良好的疗效，并能减少复发率，可做为常规药物应用临床。     

Effects of Nephritis No.3 Recipe on Nitric Oxide,Nitric Oxide Synthase Secreted by Cultured Mesangial Cells in Rats and the Gene Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

Objective:To explore the effect of the Nephritis No.3(N-3)recipe on nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(NOS)secreted by cultured mesangial cells(MC)and its gene expression of the in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Methods:The drug(nephritis No.3)-containing serum was preparedwith serum pharmacological technique,and then was applied to react on mesangial cells cultured In fetalcalf serum(FCS)and cells cultured in FCS plus lipopolysaccharide.To observe the secretion of NO andNOS and the gene expression of iNOS by means of RT-PCR.Results:Under the two kinds of culture con-ditions,the content of NO and NOS in the groups with drug-containing serum were higher than thosewithout drug-containing serum(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of iNOS mRNA was up-regula-ted too.Conclusion:The N-3 could significantly promote the secretion of NO and NOS and the mRNA ex-pression of iNOS in rats.     

Liver resection without hilus preparation and with selective intrahepatic hilus stapling for benign tumors and liver metastasis

Background Nowadays, liver resection is a routine operative procedure in surgical centers, and strategies must be aimed at avoiding additional risk factors. Extrahepatic isolation of portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic duct, as well as lymphadenectomy of the liver hilum are generally accepted steps of liver resection, even for metastatic and benign indications. Our primary aim was to analyze the feasibility, blood loss, blood transfusion requirements, incidence of complications, and outcome using the approach for intrahepatic devascularization leaving the extrahepatic hilus untouched. Materials and methods Thirty-eight consecutive patients with resection for metastases and benign liver tumors were selected. After hilar examination, the extrahepatic structures remain intact, and during parenchyma dissection, the whole right or left or the appropriate bi-segmental pedicle is isolated intrahepatically and then transected using a stapler device. Results The used technique was feasible in all cases, and no intra- or postoperative surgical complications were observed. To date, no tumor recurrence was found in the hilum during the follow-up period. Conclusion The intrahepatic pedicle stapling technique appears to be feasible and safe in liver resection. Hilar dissection can, thus, be avoided in liver metastasis and benign liver tumors.     

The application of percolation theory to the compaction of pharmaceutical powders

Based on the concepts of percolation theory the compaction process is interpreted as a site-bond percolation phenomenon. The combination of the Heckel equation with an equation derived earlier yields a simple relationship between the tensile strength σ_t, or the deformation hardness P and the relative density. This mathematical model is identical with the fundamental law of percolation theory i.e., X = s(p − p_c)^q with X= system property equivalent to tensile strength or deformation hardness, S = scaling factor, p = site occupation or bond formation probability corresponding to the relative density p,p_c = percolation threshold and critical exponent q = 1 according to percolation on a Bethe lattice. In the case of the tensile strength σ_t and the deformation hardness p, two percolation thresholds p_c(1) and p_c(2) corresponding to p_c(1) and p_c(2) could be identified. The relative density p_c(1) which is close to the relative poured or relative tapped density can be interpreted as a bond percolation threshold. The particles are bonded by weak interparticulate forces and form only loose compacts as used for filling of capsules. The relative density p_c(2) is the relative density where the first stable pharmaceutical compact is achieved which can no longer be disintegrated mechanically into its primary particles. It is of special interest that the above equation is also valid for the elastic modulus with the only percolation threshold p_c(1) = p_c(1).     

酵母菌2号培养最佳条件的选择

成人特发性乳糖酶缺乏症的发生率极高，这些人进食牛奶后会出现胃肠胀气、腹痛、腹泄等对牛奶不耐受的消化不良症状。为解决这一问题，自１９８９年起，国内外不少学者是主张有产替代疗法，即将人工培养制备纯化的乳糖酶直接加入牛奶中以水解其中的乳糖来弥补成人乳糖酶的缺乏。