Evaluation of Mini Mental State Examination and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale on aged schizophrenic patients

Abstract  Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and subscales of the BPRS were performed on 73 elderly inpatients (mean age: 67.9 years; standard deviation: 7.2; range: 60–89) diagnosed with DSM-III-R chronic schizophrenia. Forty of the subjects were men and 33 were women. A significant negative correlation was observed between MMSE and the age, factor negative, factor depressive, and total score of BPRS. We believe, however, that it is relatively sufficient to screen for demented illness of schizophrenics using MMSE when considering the age and the psychiatric symptoms (especially negative or depressive symptoms). Forty-eight (66%) of the 73 patients were categorized as 'demented' by MMSE. These results suggest that the aged inpatients with schizophrenia in a hospital showed certain kinds of cognitive deficits (including senile dementia) more frequently than the general population.     

安神胶囊联合喹硫平治疗精神分裂症的临床研究

目的研究安神胶囊联合富马酸喹硫平片治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效。方法选取2016年9月—2019年9月在天津市安定医院治疗的100例精神分裂症患者为研究对象,将患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者口服富马酸喹硫平片,第1、2、3、4天分别给予50、100、200、300 mg,之后剂量逐渐增加到有效剂量范围300～450 mg/d,2次/d;治疗组患者在对照组基础上口服安神胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组患者持续治疗2个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较两组的阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评分和简明精神病量表(BPRS)评分以及血清学指标。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者PANSS评分和BPRS评分明显降低,GQOLI-74评分明显升高(P0.05),且治疗组改善较多(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、碱性髓鞘蛋白(MBP)水平均明显降低,脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、胶质细胞系来源神经营养因子(GDNF)水平均明显升高(P0.05);且治疗组改善较多(P0.05)。结论安神胶囊联合富马酸喹硫平片治疗精神分裂症具有较好的治疗效果,能够改善患者临床症状,降低血清炎性因子水平,安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Factor structure of the BPRS in deaf people with schizophrenia: Correlates to language and thought

Introduction. There has been a relative lack of research on deaf people with schizophrenia, and no data exist regarding symptom structure in this population. Thus, we determined the factor structure of the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) in deaf (n=34) and hearing (n=31) people with schizophrenia and compared it to a standard four-factor solution.

Method. An obliquely rotated factor analysis produced a solution for the BPRS that resembled others in the literature. Symptom clusters were additionally compared to cognitive and social-cognitive abilities.

Results. Activity and disorganised symptoms were the most consistent correlates of visual- and thought and language-related skills for deaf and hearing subjects respectively. Affective symptoms and facial affect processing were positively correlated among deaf but not hearing subjects.

Conclusions. The data suggest that current symptom models of schizophrenia are valid in both hearing and deaf patients. However, relations between symptoms, cognition, and outcome from the general (hearing) literature cannot be generalised to deaf patients. Findings are broadly consistent with pathophysiologic models of schizophrenia suggesting a fundamental cortical processing algorithm operating across several domains of neural activity including vision, and thought and language. Support is provided for recent advances in social-cognitive interventions for people with schizophrenia.     

精神分裂症患者内隐攻击性对照研究

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者的内隐攻击性,为临床干预提供依据。方法将216例精神分裂症患者设为患者组,112名健康志愿者设为对照组。采用偏好组词法测评两组内隐攻击性,采用暴力攻击行为筛查标准筛查患者组的暴力行为,采用简明精神病量表评定患者的精神症状,冲动性量表、攻击性量表评定患者的冲动攻击性人格特点。结果有暴力攻击行为组简明精神病量表总分、思维障碍、激活性、敌对猜疑及行为紊乱因子分均显著高于无暴力攻击行为组（P＜0．05或0．01）,冲动性量表总分及行动分量表因子分显著高于无暴力攻击行为组（P＜0．01）,攻击性量表总分及各因子分均显著高于无暴力攻击行为组（ P＜0．05或0．01）。患者组与对照组及有暴力攻击行为组与无暴力攻击行为组偏好组词法测评攻击性词及身体攻击性词和语言攻击性词评分比较差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论精神分裂症患者较正常人有更多的暴力攻击行为,其原因是由精神症状及性格缺陷所致。     

接受式音乐治疗对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的：探讨接受式音乐治疗对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法将58例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,均接受阿立哌唑治疗,研究组联合接受式音乐治疗,观察8周。选取29名健康者设为健康组。研究组及对照组于治疗前后采用简明精神病量表评定临床疗效,并进行P300检测;健康组于入组时进行P300检测。结果治疗8周末研究组和对照组简明精神病量表评分均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0．01）,研究组显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）;研究组显效率及总有效率高于对照组,但差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）。治疗前研究组和对照组P300潜伏期较健康组显著延长（ P＜0．01）,波幅较健康组显著降低（ P＜0．01）;治疗8周末,研究组和对照组 P300潜伏期较治疗前显著缩短（P＜0．05或0．01）,研究组波幅较治疗前显著升高（P＜0．05）,对照组则无显著变化（P＞0．05）,与健康组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论接受式音乐治疗对改善精神分裂症患者认知功能具有增效作用。     

齐拉西酮对男性精神分裂症临床疗效及生活质量的影响

目的：探讨齐拉西酮对男性精神分裂症患者临床疗效及生活质量的影响。方法将66例男性精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,每组33例,研究组口服齐拉西酮治疗,对照组口服利培酮治疗,观察10周。于治疗前后采用简明精神病评定量表评定临床疗效,副反应量表评定不良反应,生活质量综合评定问卷评定生活质量。结果治疗后两组简明精神病评定量表评分均较治疗前显著下降（P＜0．01）,两组间评分比较差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）。两组不良反应较轻微,研究组总体不良反应发生率以及锥体外系反应、体质量增加发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）。治疗10周末研究组生活质量综合评定问卷总分及身体健康、心理健康维度分显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论齐拉西酮治疗男性精神分裂症疗效显著且与利培酮相当,不良反应发生率低、治疗依从性好,有利于提高患者的生活质量。     

长期住院精神分裂症患者影响因素分析

目的：了解精神分裂症患者长期住院的影响因素。方法对65例长期住院精神病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果长期住院精神分裂症患者的影响因素中疾病因素占58．0％、社会因素占42．0％;女性患者已婚率、简明精神病评定量表评分显著高于男性（ P＜0．05或0．01）,住院时间显著低于男性（P＜0．01）。结论疾病因素、社会因素是影响精神分裂症患者长期住院的主要因素;女性患者病情较重,但住院时间短于男性患者。     

海洛因依赖者出现精神症状的临床分析及护理

目的:探讨海洛因依赖者出现精神症状的临床特点并制订相应的护理措施。方法:选用《简明精神病量表》(BPRS)筛选出海洛因依赖者120例,按焦虑抑郁、缺乏活力、激活性、思维障碍和敌对猜疑等5个因子及其等级进行临床分析。结果:120例患者BPRS分为42·56±s8·31。各项因子分中,焦虑抑郁因子占首位,其后依次为思维障碍因子,缺乏活力因子、敌对猜疑因子以及激活性因子。结论:海洛因依赖者普遍存在焦虑抑郁情绪;多数存在感知和思维方面的精神症状。根据海洛因依赖者精神症状的特点有必要拟定合理护理措施,以解除患者的精神和躯体依赖,使其早日康复回归社会。     

Interdependency of lithium ratio, plasma lithium level and clinical state in patients with affective disorders

The interrelationship between lithium ratio, lithium plasma level and the different clinical phases of 31 patients with bipolar affective disorder has been investigated. the interdependency of these variables was followed longitudinally during different phases of the illness while under lithium therapy. Although positive correlations between lithium ratio and lithium plasma levels were evident, the lithium ratio values in the euthymic group were significantly higher than those in the manic and depressive groups, independently of the plasma lithium level. Our data suggested that RBC/plasma lithium ratio might be a sensitive state dependent index in affective bipolar illness.     

Comparison between the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Manchester Scale for the rating of schizophrenic symptoms

A reliability study was carried out to compare the short Manchester Scale (MS) to the longer Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), to see if similar items scored the same aspect of pathology and to find the sources of error. The raters were a psychiatrist and a psychologist cum medical student; they had recently arrived in Britain, came from different cultures and had not used the scale previously. Comparisons between the scales were made by interviewing the patients separately and together using either one or both scales. The items on the MS showed a higher interrater reliability as compared to the BPRS, both with independent and simultaneous ratings. Items based on observation only correlated poorly as compared to items based on verbal report. Lower between-scale correlations for delusions and affect were observed even where the same rater used the two scales, suggesting that the scales have different meanings for these items. The MS is a suitable alternative to the BPRS for quantifying schizophrenic symptoms.