Infectious meningitis with atypical cerebrospinal fluid cells

Cytologic evaluation of the CSF is often difficult when trying to distinguish between truly neoplastic and reactive cells. Several non-neoplastic conditions may be associated with atypical cells in the CSF, a fact the clinician has to consider to avoid inadequate aggressive theraphies. We report here three patients with infectious meningitis (due to Herpes zoster virus in two, and neuroborreliosis in one) and cytologically atypical cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes. Further characterization showed that the pleocyrosis in these patients was of reactive origin. Cytomorphology is frequently insufficient and histochemical, immuncytochemical and cellular genome analysis techniques may help differentiate atypical reactive cells from neoplastic cells.     

医药行业科技成果产业化的风险控制

医药行业科技成果产业化与其他行业科技成果转化相比具有更高的风险，转化能力也是最低的，因此，对其从事前、事中、事后三方面加强风险控制具有重要的观实意义。     

某区医院发热伴呼吸道症状病人临床分析

目的：探讨常见呼吸道发热疾病的临床特点及与传染性非典型肺炎(严重急性呼吸综合症，SAGS)的鉴别。方法：发热门诊诊治的以发热体温高于38℃伴呼吸道症状患者702例，对病因、临床表现、实验室检查、胸部X线、治疗及转归进行比较。结果：常见呼吸道发热患者中，急性上呼吸道感染596例占总数的85％，577病例白细胞计数不高占82％，淋巴细胞计数不降低，X线检查正常或仅有支气管炎表现。有基础肺部或全身疾病患者，虽然有发热，但往往以肺部或全身原发疾病相应症状为重要或首发表现，可有气急，体温以中度发热为主，78％病例有白细胞计数及中性比例升高。胸片除肺炎改变外，多有肺部基础疾病的表现，抗生素治疗有效；而单纯性肺炎胸部X线多表现为节段性或局灶性肺炎。这部分病例也以发热为主要或首发症状，一般表现为咳嗽、咳痰，气急少见，易与SARS混淆。结论：临床呼吸道发热疾病以急性上呼吸道感染最多见，容易忽略，要注意筛查。单纯性肺炎与SARS的鉴别，应结合流行病史、治疗反应及实验室检查结果进行。     

大鼠肾上腺髓质增生MRI与病理的对比研究

目的通过 MRI 研究大鼠肾上腺髓质增生(AMH)的信号特征,并与病理结果对比,探讨 MRI 诊断大鼠 AMH 的可能性。方法雄性 SD 大鼠60只,依体重大小,采取随机排列表法随机分为 A、B、C 实验组,皮下注射利血平0.4 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);a、b、c 对照组,皮下注射等量生理盐水,每组10只。A、a,B、b,C、c 组分别连续注射40、60和80 d,行肾上腺 MR 扫描,并和病理研究作对照。结果注射60 d 后 B 组髓质百分数(34.3±5.8)%高于 b 组(25.7±8.9)%(t=2.462,P<0.05),C 组(36.4±7.8)%也高于 c 组(24.8±7.9)%(t=3.104,P<0.01),利血平注射60 d 后 AMH 造模成功;MR 下 B 和 b 组、C 和 c 组肾上腺体积分别为(50.7±14.1)和(41.1±11.0)、(52.7±10.5)和(40.4±10.7)mm~3,差异有统计学意义(t 值分别为2.352、3.442,P 值分别<0.05、<0.01);MR 下中心髓质区 T_2WI 信号 B 组高于 b 组(Z=-3.786,P<0.01)、C 组高于 c 组(Z=-3.570,P<0.01);光学显微镜(简称光镜)下见 B 和 C 组髓质明显增厚,细胞数增多、密集,呈实质性片状或条索状分布,形成细胞巢;实验组部分大鼠 T_1WI 下外周皮质信号明显增高,光镜下见束状带增生,细胞呈空泡状肥大,富含脂质。结论 MRT_2WI 中心髓质区信号增高及 T_1WI 外周皮质高信号可能对于诊断大鼠肾上腺髓质增生有意义。     

核仁形成区嗜银蛋白定量对结肠癌前病变的监测作用

应用银染技术,对24例结肠腺癌Ⅱ级不典型增生,30例绒毛状腺瘤,14例绒毛状腺瘤Ⅲ级不典型增生和29例高分化管状腺癌进行银染核仁形成区嗜银蛋白(Ag-NORs)定量研究,观察Ag-NORs数量、形态、大小和分布在结肠肿瘤交界性病变中的表达.提示Ag-NORs四项指标定量研究对结肠脉瘤,特别是Ⅲ级不典型增生与绒毛状腺瘤之结肠癌前病变有较好的监测作用.     

利浦松软膏防治烧伤创面瘢痕120例疗效观察

目的 :观察利浦松软膏防治烧伤创面瘢痕的疗效。方法 :将利浦松软膏涂擦于烧伤愈合创面 ,观察瘢痕生长情况。结果 :12 0例烧伤病人创面显效 32例 ,有效 72例 ,无效 16例。结论 :利浦松软膏用于防治烧伤创面瘢痕疗效显著 ,方法简单 ,便于推广应用     

20q13.2 Amplification in intraductal hyperplasia adjacent to in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

The 20q13 region harboring recently described putative oncogenes is frequently amplified in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The aim of this study was to examine the 20q13 copy number in intraduct hyperplasia (IH), atypical duct hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) adjacent to IDC. In 5 patients, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) after laser microdissection revealed 20q13 amplification in four of five cases of IH, in all of three cases of IH with atypia, all five of DCIS, and all five of IDC. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed the amplification at 20q13.2 in IH in the two specimens analyzed. The amplification rate, however, was higher in DCIS and IDC. In phenotypically normal ductal epithelium normal values were found for 20q13 copy number by FISH (n=2) and CGH (n=5). Although the number of cases presented here is small, our results suggest that mutations in the 20q13.2 region in IH may be associated with accelerated proliferation and hyperplasia of the ductal epithelium. Progression to DCIS and ICD is accompanied by a further increase in the 20q13.2 copy number. Received: 17 March 1999 / Accepted: 22 June 1999     

Atypical respiratory pathogens

The main atypical pathogens in respiratory tract infections are classified on the basis of their ability to cause atypical pneumonia. This is not a well-defined clinical entity, and it is evident that atypical pathogens can sometimes cause 'typical' pneumonias and vice versa. This emphasizes the need for microbiological diagnosis, since it affects the selection of proper treatment, in which β-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides are not effective. Moreover, mixed infections caused by atypical and typical pathogens together are common. At this moment rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods are lacking. Besides numerous viruses, the main bacterial pathogens causing atypical pneumonias are Mycoplasma pneumoniae , two chlamydia species. Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. psittaci , one rickettsia, Coxiella burnetti , and several Legionella species. The majority of these pathogens cause upper respiratory tract infections more often than overt pneumonias. An atypical agent, Chlamydia pneumoniae , has also been associated with chronic inflammatory conditions in the cardiovascular system. The most recently discovered pathogen in atypical pneumonias is a hantavirus causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.     

Allele-specific PCR and Next-generation sequencing based genetic screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in India

Genetic screening of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is known to be challenging due to the complexities in CYP21A2 genotyping and has not been the first-tier diagnostic tool in routine clinical practice. Also, with the advent of massive parallel sequencing technology, there is a need for investigating its utility in screening extended panel of genes implicated in CAH. In this study, we have established and utilized an Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (ASPCR) based approach for screening eight common mutations in CYP21A2 gene followed by targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP17A1, POR, and CYP19A1 genes in 72 clinically diagnosed CAH subjects from India. Through these investigations, 88.7% of the subjects with 21 hydroxylase deficiency were positive for eight CYP21A2 mutations with ASPCR. The targeted NGS assay was sensitive to pick up all the mutations identified by ASPCR. Utilizing NGS in subjects negative for ASPCR, five study subjects were homozygous positive for other CYP21A2 variants: one with a novel c.1274G>T, three with c.1451G>C and one with c.143A>G variant. One subject was compound heterozygous for c.955C>T and c.1042G>A variants identified using ASPCR and NGS. One subject suspected for a Simple Virilizing (SV) 21 hydroxylase deficiency was positive for a CYP19A1:c.1142A>T variant. CYP11B1 variants (c.1201-1G>A, c.1200+1del, c.412C>T, c.1024C>T, c.1012dup, c.623G>A) were identified in all six subjects suspected for 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. The overall mutation positivity was 97.2%. Our results suggest that ASPCR followed by targeted NGS is a cost-effective and comprehensive strategy for screening common CYP21A2 mutations and the CAH panel of genes in a clinical setting.