Nondependence of cell pH on sodium transport in rat diaphragm muscle.

Both sodium and hydrogen ions are in lower concentration in muscle cell water than would be predicted from thermodynamic considerations alone, indicating active transport of these two ions out of muscle cells, To determine whether their transport is coupled, intact rat diaphragms were incubated at an external pH of 7.40, and sodium efflux was altered by exposure to ouabain. Despite a sixfold increase in intracellular sodium concentration, cell pH measured simultaneously by the distribution of both a weak acid (pH DMO) and a weak base (pH nicotine) was unaffected. Similarly, when sodium influx was decreased by incubating intact diaphragms in low sodium isoosmolar buffer, pH DMO and pH nicotine were unaltered. In addition, a pH-sensitive reaction, the evolution of 14CO2 from 1, 4-14C citrate by rat hemidiaphragm, was not changed by exposure to ouabain or low sodium media. These experiments demonstrate that in diaphragm muscle sodium and hydrogen ion transport appear not to be coupled, since alterations in sodium transport are unaccompanied by a change in cell pH. Although changes in membrane potential may explain part of the results, the data are most consistent with the hypothesis that active hydrogen ion transport in skeletal muscle in directly coupled to metabolic energy-producing reactions.     

彩色多普勒超声鉴别良恶性乳腺肿物的应用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声鉴别良恶性乳腺肿物的应用。 方法 95例乳腺病变住院患者，首先用二维超声明确肿块部位、形态、大小等一般情况，然后用彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）观察，记录血流分级，用频谱多普勒测量病灶内多处血管并记录最高的搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）和峰值流速等参数。 结果 （1）临床怀疑乳腺肿块95例，超声检出乳腺肿物93例；（2）良性组与恶性组肿物在Adle，分级存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）；（3）频谱分析显示两组间峰值流速、平均流速、PI、RI之间均存在显著性差异（P〈0．05），恶性组均高于良性组。 结论 （1）彩色多普勒超声检出乳腺肿物准确，简便；（2）综合分析和评价CDFI血流Adler分级、肿物内血流速度、PI、RI等指标有助于对乳腺良恶性肿物的鉴别。     

Viewing chronic mental illness: a conceptual framework

This paper presents a conceptual framework for viewing chronic mental illness that is adaptation-oriented rather than illness-oriented. A conceptual analysis of adjustment to chronic mental illness suggests nine interdependent life domains. The nine domains are: living situation, performance behaviors, sociocultural environment, fiscal costs, social costs, adaptive style, individual attitudes, physical health, and symptoms. Each domain is defined and the assumptions and problems of existing approaches are addressed. Whereas traditional psychiatric paradigms have emphasized illness and treatment, this view of adjustment shifts emphasis to the attitudes and positive copying-capacities of patients, their families, and their communities.     

Beta-thromboglobulin levels in the nephrotic syndrome

Beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), a platelet-specific protein released on platelet aggregation, was measured in 13 patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of the nephrotic syndrome. All 13 patients had increased concentrations of BTG compared to both 10 normal controls and to 12 non-nephrotic azotemic patients (p < 0.001). In five patients with the nephrotic syndrome in remission, the BTG levels returned to normal. These results support the contention that the nephrotic syndrome is associated with a state of hypercoagulability and suggest that increased platelet aggregation may be the primary underlying mechanism.     

HLA in psychiatric and control subjects. A comparative study of HLA antigen frequencies in schizophrenic, schizoaffective and control subjects

HLA antigens were typed among 24 schizophrenic, 13 schizoaffective and 246 control subjects. Schizoaffective patients showed significantly decreased incidence of A2 compared with schizophrenic patients or controls.