经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

Randomized Trial of Zileuton for Treatment of COPD Exacerbations Requiring Hospitalization

Rationale: Leukotrienes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbations of COPD, but leukotriene modifiers have not been studied as a possible therapy for exacerbations. Objective: We sought to test the safety and efficacy of adding oral zileuton (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) to usual treatment for acute exacerbations of COPD requiring hospitalization. Methods: Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of zileuton 600 mg orally, 4 times daily versus placebo for 14 days starting within 12 hours of hospital admission for COPD exacerbation. Primary outcome measure was hospital length of stay; secondary outcomes included treatment failure and biomarkers of leukotriene production. Main Findings: Sixty subjects were randomized to zileuton and 59 to placebo (the study was stopped short of enrollment goals because of slow recruitment). There was no difference in hospital length of stay (3.75 ± 2.19 vs. 3.86 ± 3.06 days for zileuton vs. placebo, p = 0.39) or treatment failure (23% vs. 27% for zileuton vs. placebo, p = 0.63) despite a decline in urinary LTE₄ levels in the zileuton-treated group as compared to placebo at 24 hours (change in natural log-transformed ng/mg creatinine ?1.38 ± 1.19 vs. 0.14 ± 1.51, p < 0.0001) and 72 hours (?1.32 ± 2.08 vs. 0.26 ± 1.93, p<0.006). Adverse events were similar in both groups. Principal Conclusions: While oral zileuton during COPD exacerbations that require hospital admission is safe and reduces urinary LTE₄ levels, we found no evidence suggesting that this intervention shortened hospital stay, with the limitation that our sample size may have been insufficient to detect a modest but potentially meaningful clinical improvement.     

不同呼气末正压下神经调节辅助通气对AECOPD患者呼吸功的影响分析

目的探讨不同呼气末正压下神经调节辅助通气对AECOPD患者呼吸功的影响。方法选取2015年6月~2016年6月在我院治疗的80例AECOPD患者,将80例患者分为研究组和对照组,每组40例,对照组患者采用3 cmH2O的呼气末正压,研究组患者采用9.8 cmH2O的呼气末正压。治疗后,观察两组患者血常规、排痰量以及肺功能的差距。结果研究组治疗总有效率为95.0%,明显高于对照组的80.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前,两组患者的FEV1%(第1秒用力呼气容积)、FEV1%/FVC(第1秒呼气容积同肺活量之间的比值)、6MWT(6 min步行试验)和FEV1未出现明显差异(P0.05),在治疗后,研究组的FEV1%、FEV1%/FVC、6MWT和FEV1水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论神经调节辅助通气对于AECOPD患者有明显的治疗效果,并且呼气末正压越高,对AECOPD患者的治疗效果越好,能够明显改善患者的肺部功能,值得进一步推广和应用。     

前列地尔对AECOPD患者氧化应激损伤的影响及疗效分析

目的观察前列地尔对AECOPD患者氧化应激损伤的影响,分析其临床疗效。方法收集2012年4月至2014年3月在我院治疗的AECOPD患者120例,随机分为常规治疗组(对照组)和前列地尔治疗组(观察组),每组60例。另取本院体检中心健康体检者60例作为正常对照组。8-iso-PGF2α、IL-6、TNF-α表达的检测使用ELISA法。结果治疗前对照组和观察组8-iso-PGF2α、IL-6和TNF-α表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01);治疗后,两个治疗组的8-iso-PGF2α、IL-6和TNF-α表达均显著减低(P<0.05、P<0.01),且观察组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,对照组和观察组的Pa CO2、Pa O2、FEV1预计值和FEV1/FVC比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组Pa CO2降低(P<0.05、P<0.01),Pa O2、FEV1预计值及FEV1/FVC均升高(P<0.05、P<0.01),观察组上述指标的改善作用显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的咳嗽缓解、呼吸困难消失、啰音消失及住院时间分别为(3.62±1.12)d、(2.67±0.62)d、(3.41±0.79)d和(7.36±1.72)d,对照组为(5.85±1.74)d、(3.82±0.81)d、(5.33±1.32)d、(9.64±2.23)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组临床治疗有效率高于对照组(88.3%vs.73.3%,P<0.05)。结论前列地尔治疗AECOPD可以显著减轻患者的氧化应激损伤,抑制炎症反应,临床疗效显著,值得推广使用。     

2015-2019年甘肃医学院附属医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者继发肺部真菌感染率趋势及耐药性分析

目的 了解2015-2019年甘肃医学院附属医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者继发肺部真菌感染率变化趋势、分布及耐药性特点。方法 提取2015-2019年甘肃医学院附属医院AECOPD患者临床真菌分离及药敏相关数据。结果 2015-2019年AECOPD患者继发肺部真菌感染率为13.37%,且呈上升趋势,真菌感染率从2015年的10.88%上升至2019年的15.71%;共分离出6种真菌,以白色念珠菌（52.41%）、光滑念珠菌（25.13%）、热带念珠菌（12.30%）、曲霉菌（8.02%）为主;主要以真菌与细菌的混合感染存在（64.61%）,其中以真菌与革兰阴性菌混合感染为主（70.43%）。氟康唑对各种念珠菌耐药率接近30%,对曲霉菌耐药率大于90%,伏立康唑和两性霉素B对各种念珠菌和曲霉菌的耐药率较小。结论 真菌感染在AECOPD患者中呈明显增长趋势,白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和曲霉菌常见,且主要为与细菌混合感染存在,氟康唑对真菌耐药率较高,伏立康唑成为治疗真菌感染的首选。     

基于中医证候和传统功效的经典名方清金化痰汤研究概况

清金化痰汤是治疗咳嗽属痰热壅肺证具有明显特色与优势的经典名方,在感染性肺系疾病如慢阻肺急性加重期、急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎急性发作期、肺炎、支气管扩张等中广泛应用。总结该方主治病证及适应症、处方功效、古方现代研究进展和临床应用进展,并以AECOPD为例研究清金化痰汤在感染性肺系病中的应用情况,确认本方传统功效与现代适应症有较好的对应关系,且有严格设计的临床研究和有效性的充分证据,是值得深入研究和开发的经典古方。     

AECOPD患者白三烯B_4和α-肿瘤坏死因子的变化及治疗对其的影响

目的探讨COPD急性加重(AECOPD)患者白三烯B4和α-肿瘤坏死因子的改变和治疗对其的影响。方法随机抽取门诊稳定期COPD患者39例和住院的AECOPD患者43例,检测稳定期患者和AECOPD患者治疗前后血气分析、WBC、CRP、PROBNP、肺功能及血和诱导痰中LTB4和TNF-α的量。结果AECOPD患者PaCO2显著高于稳定期患者。两组肺功能无显著差异。WBC、CRP、PROBNP均无显著差异。AECOPD患者血LTB4和诱导痰LTB4均高于稳定期和治疗后。且治疗后LTB4显著低于治疗前;急性加重期患者治疗后血TNF-α显著低于稳定期患者,急性加重期患者治疗后诱导痰TNF-α明显低于治疗前和稳定期患者。结论 LTB4和TNF-α参与了AECOPD患者的发病过程,抗感染治疗可能降低LTB4,在诱导痰中表现最明显。而TNF-α的作用目前尚不明确。     

沙美特罗替卡松粉剂吸入治疗70岁以上中、重度AECOPD临床疗效观察

目的 观察沙美特罗替卡松粉剂(舒利迭)吸入用于治疗70岁以上中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的疗效.方法 将108例70岁以上中、重度AECOPD患者随机分为沙美特罗/替卡松粉剂吸入组、硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂吸入组,对两组治疗前后的FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1占预计值百分比及临床症状改善情况进行比较.结果 使用舒利迭组患者在治疗早期肺功能即有明显改善,随着使用时间延长,肺功能改善得到逐渐提高.使用硫酸沙丁胺醇组,治疗初期,临床症状迅速改善,随着治疗时间延长,疗效有所下降,肺功能无明显改善.结论 舒利迭治疗70岁以上中、重度AECOPD,临床改善明显,能持续改善患者的肺功能.     

强化血糖控制对AECOPD无创通气的影响

目的探讨强化血糖控制AECOPD伴应激性高血糖在无创通气治疗中的作用。方法 160例AECOPD导致2型呼吸衰竭伴应激性高血糖患者,随机分为强化血糖控制组(强化组)和常规治疗组(常规组),观察两组患者无创通气时间和失败率、28天死亡率;并用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)测定治疗前、治疗后第3天和7天血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度。结果强化组无创通气时间及无创通气的失败率与常规组相比均显著减少(P<0.05);强化组患者第3天和第7天血清中IL-6和TNF-α的浓度明显低于常规组;两组死亡率无显著统计学差异。结论强化血糖控制提高AECOPD伴应激性高血糖患者的无创通气疗效。