江油市1999～2007年0139霍乱流行病学分析

目的了解江油市1999～2007年0139霍乱流行病学特征,为制定今后的防治策略提供科学依据。方法利用江油市1999～2007年0139霍乱发病情况及相关因素进行流行病学分析。结果江油市1999～2007年共发生0139霍乱疫情8次,报告病例65例,年平均发病率在0.12/10万～2.76/10万之间。主要发病时间为7～11月,占98.46%,男性发病多于女性,20～50岁青壮年发病率较高,占83.08%。结论江油市0139霍乱发病率仍处于较高水平,应采取有效预防控制措施。     

一起食源性O139霍乱暴发的应急处置

目的通过对一起食源性O139霍乱暴发疫情应急处置分析总结,为今后的霍乱疫情防治和处置提供经验和借鉴。方法从病例的发现、确诊、报告、现场调查与处理、技术应对与行政应对等多方面系统收集分析该起霍乱疫情处置中的各种做法,并进行全面阐述。结果在所有参宴的639人中,共确诊病例17例,临床诊断病例3例,健康带菌者27例,未发生二代病例、无死亡病例,病例和带菌者全部治愈,有效控制了疫情,实现霍乱暴发疫情成功处置。结论应对霍乱暴发疫情,诊断及时,应急处置得当,是快速控制此次疫情的关键。     

重庆市2003-2012年霍乱监测分析

目的分析2003-12年重庆市霍乱流行病学特征及监测效果,为防制对策提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对重庆市200302010霍乱疫情资料进行分析。每年5-0月份选择渝中区和璧山县开展水产品监测,并对旧疫点进行监测分析。结果200302010年共报告霍乱病例117例,带菌者568例,死亡2例,病死率为1．7％,无二代病例发生,血清分型均为0139群。97．4％的病例由聚餐引起,菜品中有甲鱼等水产品,由食品交叉污染所致。从水产品及涂抹液中分离到霍乱菌株16株,2006年后水产品阳性样品均为Ol群非流行株,旧疫点监测未发现阳性标本。结论病例的流行菌群和水产品的监测结果一致。聚餐为重庆市霍乱暴发的主要方式,应加强甲鱼、牛蛙等海水产品的卫生知识宣传。提高群众的卫生意识。     

云南省一起0139群霍乱弧菌引起食源性霍乱暴发的调查

2009年1月15—17日云南省玉溪市通海县四街镇四寨村发生一起因参加丧宴而致的0139霍乱暴发，本研究对这次霍乱暴发进行流行病学调查。     

Prolonged pharmacodynamic effects of S-0139, an intravenously administered endothelin A (ETA) antagonist, in the human forearm blood flow model

AIMS

To estimate the pharmacologically active dose range of a new investigational compound S-0139, a selective endothelin A (ET_A) receptor antagonist, in man, and to examine the duration of its pharmacodynamic effect.

METHODS

Venous occlusion plethysmography was performed to assess changes in forearm blood flow following intra-brachial administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1). ET_A antagonists have been shown to block ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in this model. The study was conducted in three parts: (1) a pilot study to explore dose–response (dose range 0.08–13.33 µg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹), (2) a randomized study to confirm dose–response (placebo, 2.5, 6.67 and 15 µg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹), and (3) a delayed administration study (15.7 µg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) to explore the duration of the pharmacodynamic effect. In all studies a 3-h infusion of S-0139 was given and during the last 90 min of the infusion, ET-1 was infused concurrently for 90 min. In study (3) a second ET-1 infusion was given starting 3 h after completion of the first.

RESULTS

Intravenously administered S-0139 resulted in significant inhibition of ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in the forearm (plasma concentration 800–2000 ng ml⁻¹). In the delayed administration study, the same extent of inhibition was still present when ET-1 was administered 3 h after the end of infusion of S-0139, even though the S-0139 plasma concentrations (mean 17 ng ml⁻¹) were well below pharmacologically active concentrations as determined in studies 1 and 2.

CONCLUSIONS

S-0139 dose-dependently blocks ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in the forearm and has a prolonged duration of effect beyond that expected from its pharmacokinetic profile.     

Selective opioid receptor agonist and antagonist displacement of [3H]naloxone binding in amphibian brain

Vascular responses to endothelin peptides have been proposed to be mainly mediated via subtypes of the endothelin receptor, endothelin ET_A1, endothelin ET_B1, and endothelin ET_B2. The antagonist activity of 27-O-3-[2-(3-carboxy-acryloylamino)-5-hydroxyphenyl]acryloyloxy myricerone, sodium salt (S-0139) at these endothelin receptor subtypes was evaluated using isolated rabbit femoral, pulmonary, and mesenteric arteries. S-0139 competitively antagonized the endothelin-1-induced contraction mediated by the endothelin ET_A1 receptor in endothelium-denuded rabbit femoral arteries with a pA₂ value of 8.6±0.1. Endothelin ET_B2 receptor-mediated contraction induced by sarafotoxin S6c in endothelium-denuded rabbit pulmonary arteries was also inhibited by S-0139 with a pA₂ value of 5.6±0.1. The pA₂ value of S-0139 for the endothelin ET_B1 receptor, evaluated from the endothelin-3-induced relaxant response in endothelium-intact rabbit mesenteric arteries, was 6.2±0.2. In isolated canine basilar, coronary, mesenteric and renal arteries, endothelin-1 caused concentration-dependent contractions with EC₅₀ values of 0.49±0.07, 0.61±0.25, 0.92±0.21 and 1.18±0.24 nM, respectively. S-0139 antagonized the endothelin-1-induced contraction in these arteries with pA₂ values of 8.0±0.1, 7.6±0.2, 7.6±0.2 and 7.6±0.1, respectively. These results suggest that S-0139 is a potent and selective endothelin ET_A1 receptor antagonist, and that the contractions induced by endothelin-1 in canine basilar, coronary, mesenteric and renal arteries are mediated mainly via the endothelin ET_A1 receptor subtype.     

1例输入性O139型霍乱医院内应急处置

目的分析1例输入性O139型霍乱患者临床救治及医院感染控制过程,为加强霍乱的诊断、治疗、预防与控制提供依据。方法依据《中华人民共和国卫生行业标准--霍乱诊断标准》确诊患者,并隔离治疗;采用统一的《霍乱个案调查表》调查,对密切接触者进行隔离、医学观察;严格消毒并加强宣教。结果患者痊愈出院,密切接触者未发生感染,有效防止病原扩散。结论及时诊断霍乱,果断采取隔离措施,可有效控制霍乱疫情。