小儿硅胶胃管保留灌肠的临床应用

目的寻求小儿保留灌肠的新方法。方法采用小儿硅胶胃管保留灌肠87例,传统肛管保留灌肠56例,对数据采用SPSS10.0软件包进行统计学分析,比较结果采用χ2检验,检验水准为α=O.05。结果小儿硅胶胃管保留灌肠组一次插管成功率92%(80/87),不适感发生率83.9%(73/87),且以轻度为主(88.3%);传统肛管组分别为62.5%(35/56)和100%(56/56),不适感以中、重度为主(78.6%)。结论应用小儿硅胶胃管保留灌肠一次插管成功率高;插管并发症少,是一种好方法。     

严重烧伤病人应激性溃疡的发生机理及药物治疗

本文对严重烧伤病人应激性溃疡的发生机理及药物治疗进行探讨，并总结出对严重烧伤病人应激性溃疡的预防应从早期开始，良好的液体复苏，H2受体阻断剂的应用，控制感染，积极的营养支持等综合措施，是预防和治疗应激性溃疡的关键。     

高压氧治疗手术后椎间盘炎1例

手术后椎间盘炎是脊柱外科手术后一种严重并发症，由于临床症状严重，治疗措施不理想，常给患者带来很大痛苦，临床中我们应用高压氧治愈2例（1例为脊柱滑脱手术后），特报告如下。     

经口气管插管患者鼻胃管置入方法探讨

胃肠道营养支持是通过置入胃管，为患注入食物和药物，以提高抢救成功率。气管插管后，置入胃管有一定难度。我们采用不同方法为气管插管患100例安置胃管，成功率达100％。现介绍如下。     

插胃管112例成功体会

插胃管时 ,常有胃管误入气管或盘在口腔中 ,由于胃管刺激而发生恶心、呕吐等症状。我们曾为 112例患者插胃管 ,除1例未成功外 ,其余均 1次成功。现介绍如下。方法 :选择型号、软硬适中的胃管 ,对清醒或昏迷患者的家属说明目的 ,以取得合作。患者取半卧位或仰卧位 ,测量好插入胃管长度 ,并用胶布作标记 ,均匀涂上石蜡油。常规铺治疗巾 ,清洁鼻孔。清醒患者嘱其低头 ,使下颌尽量靠近胸骨柄 ;对昏迷患者 ,操作者左手将其头部托起 ,使下颌靠近胸骨柄。带一次性手套 ,手持胃管 ,前端稍向鼻腔内侧倾斜 ,将胃管迅速往前插入至预定长度。常规判断插…     

腹部手术后呼吸道感染的预防及护理

腹部手术的种类多、范围广,包括胃、肠、肝、胆、胰和腹腔内其他器官的手术,术后多数患者需卧床、禁食,置胃管及引流管,加上切口疼痛、体质虚弱,患者不敢咳嗽,使呼吸道分泌物不能及时排出体外而易导致呼吸道感染和肺部并发症的发生。腹部手术后呼吸道管理是预防并发症发生的关键,现介绍我们的护理措施如下:1择期手术患者,术前应指导患者作有效咳嗽、排痰,使患者正确认识咳嗽及排痰的重要性,并劝其戒烟。2患者术毕回病房后,根据其麻醉方法进行护理。全麻未清醒患者,应有专人守护,取平卧位,头偏向一侧,防止舌后坠或呕吐物吸入气管内,及时清除…     

马鞍型糜芯围领的制作与应用

颈椎前后路开窗减压植骨融合术是手术治疗颈椎骨折合并脱位、颈椎骨折合并脊髓损伤、颈椎间盘突出等病症最为常用和有效的手术方法之一。为了提高手术疗效，增加患者的舒适感，我们于1999年自行设计制作了马鞍型糜芯围领，经过6年临床应用效果良好，未发生植骨块滑脱或移位，枕部、下颌部、耳部及肩胛部血肿及压疮的发生率也由使用颈托时的46．36％降至0，现报道如下。     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.