驻广州部队营区大气微生物含量的测定

用平板沉降法测定驻广州部队营区春季大气微生物含量。结果表明,营区大气微生物含量较高(10 311CFU/m~3)。驻市区部队营区大气微生物含量高于近郊营区,建议加强环境卫生监督、监测,控制环境污染。     

Natural killer cells and malaria

Summary:  Malaria, caused by the infection with parasites of the germs Plasmodium , is one of the three most important infectious diseases worldwide, along with tuberculosis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes classically involved in the early defense against viral infections and intracytoplasmic bacterial infections and are also implicated during the course of tumor development and allogeneic transplantation. These cells display important cytotoxic activity and produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In both mouse and human models of malaria, NK cells appear to be a major source of interferon-γ during the early phase of infection. In humans, indirect signaling through monocytes/macrophages required to optimally stimulate NK cell activity. However, the in vivo functions of NK cells during malaria are still enigmatic, and many issues remain to be dissected, such as the molecular basis of the direct recognition of iRBCs by NK cells.     

咸宁市咸安区饮食业砧板微生物污染情况调查

目的：为了解本区部分饮食业砧板微生物污染情况。方法：采用纸片粘贴法采样184块砧板，用平皿菌落计数和发酵培养及ELISA法检测，并对生熟食砧板的微生物污染情况进行比较。结果：生菜砧板和熟食砧板微生物超标率分别为85．10％和72．86％，二者之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05），生菜砧板细菌总数超标率和大肠菌群及致病菌检出率分别为80．7％、76．32％和20．18％，熟菜砧板细菌总数超标率和大肠菌群及致病菌检出率分别为67．14％、48．57％和2．8％，前者污染率明显高于后者，上述各指标均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：餐饮业砧板微生物污染严重，生菜砧板污染率明显高于熟食砧板，因此应该加强食品卫生监测和管理。     

The first thousand days – intestinal microbiology of early life: establishing a symbiosis

The development of the intestinal microbiota in the first years of life is a dynamic process significantly influenced by early‐life nutrition. Pioneer bacteria colonizing the infant intestinal tract and the gradual diversification to a stable climax ecosystem plays a crucial role in establishing host–microbe interactions essential for optimal symbiosis. This colonization process and establishment of symbiosis may profoundly influence health throughout life. Recent developments in microbiologic cultivation‐independent methods allow a detailed view of the key players and factors involved in this process and may further elucidate their roles in a healthy gut and immune maturation. Aberrant patterns may lead to identifying key microbial signatures involved in developing immunologic diseases into adulthood, such as asthma and atopic diseases. The central role of early‐life nutrition in the developmental human microbiota, immunity, and metabolism offers promising strategies for prevention and treatment of such diseases. This review provides an overview of the development of the intestinal microbiota, its bidirectional relationship with the immune system, and its role in impacting health and disease, with emphasis on allergy, in early life.     

盐酸米诺环素软膏辅助治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效研究

[目的]评价牙周局部应用盐酸米诺环素软膏（派丽奥）辅助治疗牙周炎的临床疗效。[方法]选取16例慢性牙周炎患者共112颗牙,按奇偶象限将患牙随机分为实验组（盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗组）和对照组（碘甘油治疗组）。记录用药前、用药后第5周和第9周时的牙周临床指标和细菌学指标。[结果]用药后第5周、第9周两组患牙临床指标和细菌学检查均较基线明显改善,实验组牙周临床指标改善优于对照组,差异有显著性意义;龈下附着菌斑中仅螺旋体构成比在两组间差异具有统计学意义。[结论]局部应用盐酸米诺环素软膏（派丽奥）辅助治疗牙周炎,能有效地改善临床症状。     

牙周因素对种植体周围病影响机制的研究进展

随着种植义齿在临床修复中的广泛应用,种植修复后最常见的生物学并发症——种植体周围病的发生发展也引起了学者们的广泛关注。种植体周围病所导致的软组织破坏和骨组织吸收对种植体在口内的长期稳定、美观及功能产生不良影响,且目前尚缺乏有效的治疗手段。牙周炎作为种植体周围病发生发展的一个关键危险因素,会显著增加种植体周围病的发生风险,降低种植体的成功率。目前认为,种植体周围较差的软组织封闭、牙周炎症状态对口腔微生物环境和宿主免疫微环境两方面的影响,共同导致了种植体周围病的发生。文章就现有牙周因素与种植体周围病的分子学研究进行了回顾总结,对牙周因素影响种植体周围病发生发展的可能机制做一综述,以期在临床上为种植体周围病提供有效的防治策略。     

大瓶装医用超声耦合剂卫生状况调查

目的了解医疗机构大瓶装医用超声耦合剂卫生状况。方法 2012年2月—2016年4月,通过现场随机抽样检测方法,对某妇女儿童专科医院使用的大瓶装医用超声耦合剂微生物污染情况进行调查与分析。结果共抽取样本170份,合格25份,合格率为14.71%。来源部门主要为住院病房(58.24%)及手术部门(21.76%);各部门标本合格率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。开启前后的耦合剂污染率均达80%以上,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。共检出145株病原菌,其中未开启的大瓶装耦合剂中检出18株,已开启的检出127株。开启前后主要污染菌均为洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,分别占83.33%、54.33%,启用后的污染菌还有铜绿假单胞菌及黏质沙雷菌(各占15.75%),复合污染菌中均含黏质沙雷菌。结论大瓶装医用超声耦合剂细菌含量超标严重,生产商应严格质量控制标准,医疗机构在使用中应采取有效清洁消毒措施。     

当前我国洁净手术室的发展

本叙述了医院感染的原因及其解决的方法。介绍了洁净手术室的原理和目前我国医院发展洁净手术室的现状,并提出某些改进意见。     

From the Cover: Gut bacteria facilitate adaptation to crop rotation in the western corn rootworm

Insects are constantly adapting to human-driven landscape changes; however, the roles of their gut microbiota in these processes remain largely unknown. The western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major corn pest that has been controlled via annual rotation between corn (Zea mays) and nonhost soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. This practice selected for a “rotation-resistant” variant (RR-WCR) with reduced ovipositional fidelity to cornfields. When in soybean fields, RR-WCRs also exhibit an elevated tolerance of antiherbivory defenses (i.e., cysteine protease inhibitors) expressed in soybean foliage. Here we show that gut bacterial microbiota is an important factor facilitating this corn specialist’s (WCR''s) physiological adaptation to brief soybean herbivory. Comparisons of gut microbiota between RR- and wild-type WCR (WT-WCR) revealed concomitant shifts in bacterial community structure with host adaptation to soybean diets. Antibiotic suppression of gut bacteria significantly reduced RR-WCR tolerance of soybean herbivory to the level of WT-WCR, whereas WT-WCR were unaffected. Our findings demonstrate that gut bacteria help to facilitate rapid adaptation of insects in managed ecosystems.     

肠道微生态与炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一组病因未明、发病机制亦不明确的慢性肠道炎症性疾病,主要包括克罗恩病(Crohn's disease,CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)。近几十年的研究结果认为,其发病是环境、易感基因和肠道微生态3个要素相互作用的结果,且这些要素使IBD成为一种适合研究宿主与肠道微生物相互作用的高优先平台。最近,肠道菌群的图谱分析将IBD的发病机制与菌群各组成部分特征的改变相联系,进一步支持"肠道微生物和宿主相互作用的改变能形成IBD"这一观点。该文回顾性分析有关IBD患者体内微生物的研究文献,综述肠道微生态失衡对IBD的多方面影响,以动物模型和临床验证资料阐述不同的治疗方法改善肠道微生态变化的最新进展。