鄂托克前旗马场井村改水降氟15年病情防治效果分析

目的：了解改水降氟后地氟病的防治效果。方法：水氟，尿氟测定均为电极法，氟斑牙诊断为Dean‘s法。结果：该村自1985年改饮低氟水，水氟含量由改水前的6.05mg/L降至改水后的0.48mg/L。改水后未出现新的氟骨症患者，8-12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率呈逐年下降趋势，改水后7-15年间氟斑牙病率均已稳定，表明病情得到有效控制，且达到稳定控制状态，结论：坚持长年饮用低氟水，地方性氟中毒就能得到有效控制。     

Screening vs. individual detection of industrial fluorosis: a decision analysis model

In preventive medicine and occupational health, decision-makers face uncertainty, divergent opinions, and varying needs. In the Swiss aluminum industry, screening for industrial fluorosis illustrates how decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis can provide rational and explicit models of decision-making in such contexts. Data on fluoride-exposed potroom workers are used to compare the cost-effectiveness of two strategies: mass screening of fluorosis versus individual detection of the disease on the basis of the worker's symptoms. A decision-analysis and a sensitivity analysis are performed to assess the impact of the screening program for different levels of expected prevalence of the disease. The optimal decision, in economic terms, is the one that minimizes the pension and screening-related costs and maximizes the number of years of full working capacity. Swiss data suggest that a diagnosis of clinical fluorosis is unlikely before 10 years of exposure to fluoride. Between 10 and 30 years of exposure to fluoride, mass screening may be more cost-effective than individual detection of the disease, even when the expected prevalence of the disease in a given industrial setting is less than 10%.     

Caries experience and fluorosis prevalence in Chilean children from different socio-economic status

Abstract Caries experience and enamel fluorosis prevalence in 8-year-old children belonging to different socio-economic classes were determined in two Chilean twin cities that are served by optimally fluoridated community water from the same waterworks facility. Low socio-economic status (LSES) children had a higher mean dm ft and DMFT indices (P<0.001) than high socioeconomic status (HSES) children. Prevalence of enamel fluorosis in the permanent teeth of LSES children was 0.79, significantly higher (X²= 9.0; P<0.003) than the value 0.59 found in HSES children. The proportion of Dean's scores 2. 3, 4 and 5 in first molars, mandibular and maxillary incisors in LSES children was higher than in HSES children (P<0.001). Differences in prevalence and seventy of enamel fluorosis between both groups are tentatively attributed lo a different pattern of tap water and tea consumption at pre-school ages. Suggestions are advanced to minimize the undesirable prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis.     

活性炭纤维在地方性氟中毒方面的应用展望

介绍了活性炭纤维（ＡＣＦｓ）的制造，特性及其应用。它具有优异的结耕与性能特征。含碳量高，比表面积大，微孔丰富，从而吸附力强，而且活性炭纤维还可制成纱、布、毡等形状，它可用于去除燃煤氟中毒区室内空气中氟化氢、二氧化硫、氧化氮、氨等污染物，利用它的高吸附性能还可较好的去除饮水中的氟化物及其他有害物质。活性炭纤维是一种新型高效吸附材料。在氟中毒防治方面有广阔的前途。     

刺梨汁对慢性氟中毒的影响及机理研究

用高氟饲料喂养大鼠６个月，复制出慢性氟中毒模型，再自由饮用刺梨汁３个月，探讨刺梨汁对慢性氟中毒的影响及机理。结果表明：刺梨汁可明显改善氟中毒的一般状况，对已形成的氟斑牙影响不大，但可促进尿氟排泄，降低血清和骨氟含量及尿羟脯氦酸含量，提高血清中维生素Ｃ、维生素Ｅ和血清、肝、肾ＧＳＨ含量，增强血、肝、肾ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ和ＳＯＤ活性，降低血清、肝和肾ＬＰＯ含量，降低尿γ－ＧＴ和血清ＧＰＴ活性及肝ＴＧ含量，提示：刺梨汁具有明显桔抗慢性氟中毒作用，其机理可能是通过促进尿氟排泄和抗氧化作用。     

氟中毒和氟砷中毒对胃粘膜的影响

作者通过内窥镜对新疆奎屯地区氟中毒患者３５名，氟砷中毒患者３２名，对照组２５名的胃粘膜进行观察，旨在了解氟元素和砷元素对胃粘膜的影响，在３个组中慢性胃炎的炎症程度与炎症活动性有显著性差异。２个中毒组间无显著性差异。结果表明在高氟区和高氟砷区患者的胃粘膜层病理改变主要是任性氟中毒引起，单纯性砷中毒并无协同作用。     

地方性氟中毒家猪胫骨形态计量学的初步研究

本文应用 Mop-Videoplan 图象分析仪对氟中毒家猪胫骨进行了骨计量学的初步研究。四环素双标记后将家猪胫骨制备成骨磨片,在荧光及普通光学显微镜下测量了一系列骨计量学参数。结果表明,氟中毒导致家猪胫骨髓腔面皮质新骨体积明显增加,但其增加程度不与血氟呈正相关。新骨体积增加可能是造成临床 X 线氟骨症表现骨髓腔狭窄的原因。骨动力学研完表明,氟中毒造成四环素双标记明显减少,这可能与氟抑制骨组织的转换过程有关。     

继发性骨质疏松防治的研究

目的总结继发性骨质疏松预防与治疗的经验及提出见解.方法用钙代谢平衡的方法研究了钙代谢的基本情况,比较了补钙与不补钙在若干种生理状态对骨密度的影响,总结继发性骨质疏松的病因及对其采取不同方法的治疗经验.结果中国人膳食含钙量属于正常范围低水平状态,与适宜摄入量(AI)比较是不足的,在一定的生理状态下应予补钙.缺钙是原发性骨质疏松与继发性骨质疏松的不利因素.氟中毒骨病、糖尿病、性腺功能减退、肿瘤、糖皮质激素过多和甲亢均有其各别的病理生理,导致继发性骨质疏松,防治方法各异.结论从胚胎至老年都应防治骨质疏松.不同情况采取方法各异,但有效.     

2006年新疆且末县饮水氟砷及地方性氟中毒调查报告

目的 了解新疆且末县生活饮用水氟、砷含量及地方性氟中毒(下简称地氟)病情. 方法 2006年5～9月对且末县30个行政村饮用水氟含量和15个行政村水砷含量进行了筛查,对20个行政村降氟、降砷改水工程使用情况进行了调查及水氟、水砷含量检测;地方性氟中毒病情检查3 164人,其中8～12岁学生检查1 242人,成人检查1 922人.结果 且末县56.3%地下水水氟含量偏高,水砷不高,儿童氟斑牙率40.41%. 结论 新疆且末县尚有部分居民患地氟病,应引起重视.     

四平市地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

目的了解病区县及监测点的改水现状及地方性氟中毒病情。方法检测病区县及监测点防氟井使用情况、居民饮水氟含量。采用Dean氏法调查监测点8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率；调查监测点16岁以上人群氟骨症患病情况和8～12岁儿童、16岁以上人群尿氟含量。结果病区县79个防氟井中，有29眼（36．71％）完好并可正常使用，其中有20眼（68．97％）饮水氟含量正常。2个监测点饮水氟含量分别为4．78mg／L和0．68mg／L；8～12岁儿童尿氟均值分别为4．53mg／L和1．89mg／L；8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率分别为96．88％和33，33％；16岁以上人群氟骨症检出率分别为8．00％和3．67％；氟骨症患者尿氟均值分别为4．39mg／L和2．17mg／L。结论病区县大多数病区饮水氟含量超标，地方性氟中毒防治形势严峻。防氟改水是控制地方性氟中毒的有效方法，应进一步加强。