骨皮质切开辅助正畸研究进展

近年研究发现骨皮质切开术可以有效加速正畸治疗,该技术以局部加速修复现象为理论基础发展而来,术式在其发展的百年间几经改良。在骨皮质切开的基础上发展出牙周快速成骨正畸,使用这种技术可使正畸治疗时间减少到传统正畸治疗时间的1/3到1/4,增强牙周组织支持,增加骨覆盖,减少牙根吸收,降低复发率。该文综合概述了骨皮质切开发展史,骨皮质切开后牙齿移动的机理与传统正畸的不同之处,以及相关临床、实验研究。     

前牙区不翻瓣即刻牙种植术后软硬组织变化的研究

目的:评测前牙区不翻瓣即刻牙种植的近期临床效果及软硬组织变化。方法:2008-07—2012-11于同济大学附属口腔医院种植科就诊的患者中,选择上颌前牙无法保留,适合采取即刻不翻瓣种植的患者纳入实验。于术中,术后3个月、6个月分别测量缺失牙近、远中骨高度及牙龈乳头的高度。结果:共18例患者22颗患牙纳入本研究。X线结果表明种植体均形成良好骨结合。种植后3个月,牙槽骨唇颊侧骨板近、远中吸收分别为(0.47±0.03)mm和(0.56±0.06)mm;6个月时骨吸收分别为(1.60±0.05)mm和(1.73±0.04)mm。种植3个月时,近、远中牙龈附着退缩为(0.41±0.05)mm和(0.53±0.03)mm,6个月牙龈时附着退缩分别为(0.51±0.03)mm和(0.62±0.04)mm。结论:前牙区不翻瓣即刻牙种植能良好地保存种植体周围骨组织及软组织高度,在选择合适适应证的条件下,能在减少手术创伤的基础上获得良好的修复效果。     

Outcomes of implants placed with three different flapless surgical procedures: A systematic review

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the outcomes of flapless surgery for implants placed using either free-hand or guided (with or without 3D navigation) surgical methods. Literature searches were conducted to collect information on survival rate, marginal bone loss, and complications of implants placed with such surgeries. Twenty-three clinical studies with a minimum of 1 year follow-up time were finally selected and reviewed. Free-hand flapless surgery demonstrated survival rates between 98.3% and 100% and mean marginal bone loss between 0.09 and 1.40 mm at 1–4 years after implant insertion. Flapless guided surgery without 3D navigation showed survival rates between 91% and 100% and mean marginal bone loss of 0.89 mm after an observation period of 2–10 years. The survival rates and mean marginal bone loss for implants placed with 3D guided flapless surgery were 89–100% and 0.55–2.6 mm, respectively, at 1–5 years after implant insertion. In 17 studies, surgical and technical complications such as bone perforation, fracture of the surgical guide, and fracture of the provisional prosthesis were reported. However, none of the identified methods has demonstrated advantages over the others. Further studies are needed to confirm the predictability and effectiveness of 3D navigation techniques.     

Preservation of Existing Soft‐Tissue Contours in the Transition from a Tooth to an Implant Restoration in the Esthetic Zone Using a Flapless Approach: A Clinical Report

Two‐stage placement of a dental implant is a well‐established method for restoring a missing anterior tooth; however, replacement of an anterior tooth by using two‐stage implant surgery may result in changes in the interdental papilla height and loss of alveolar bone with compromised esthetic results. Alternatively, the use of a one‐stage minimally invasive surgical technique followed by immediate provisionalization may facilitate achievement of esthetic and functional success with minimal discomfort and clinical time. This article presents a clinical case with a single anterior tooth replacement, illustrating ridge preservation with healing, delayed implant placement with immediate provisionalization of the implant to support the soft tissue, and a method of recording the soft‐tissue contour in the final impression to achieve an optimal esthetic result.     

微创不翻瓣技术在口腔种植术中的应用

目的观察微创术不翻瓣技术在口腔种植术中的临床效果,为患者提供简便、舒适和经济的修复方式。方法选择82例牙槽脊骨量充足的患者应用不翻瓣口腔种植技术,另82例患者采用常规翻瓣技术作为对照组。同期植入种植体,观察手术时间、患者术后疼痛反应情况和药物应用情况。结果微创不翻瓣种植技术修复效果与传统方式无差别,但在手术时间、术后患者痛苦程度、软组织肿胀程度及术后用药时间上均有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论微创不翻瓣技术较常规翻瓣种植手术给患者带来的痛苦小,可大大节省手术时间,降低术后反应,获得更满意的临床效果。