A meta-analysis of imagery rehearsal for post-trauma nightmares: Effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress

This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of imagery rehearsal as a treatment for nightmares, general sleep disturbance, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Bibliographic databases and cited references were searched to identify clinical trials of imagery rehearsal in individuals with post-trauma nightmares. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria and reported sleep and post-traumatic stress outcomes in sufficient detail to calculate effect sizes. Results indicate that imagery rehearsal had large effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and PTSD symptoms from the initial to post-treatment assessments. These effects were sustained through 6 to 12months follow-up. Furthermore, interventions that included both imagery rehearsal and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia resulted in greater treatment-related improvement in sleep quality than imagery rehearsal alone. Combined treatment did not improve outcomes for PTSD or nightmares. Notably, effect sizes were small in the single study that included an active-treatment control condition. Future research should identify necessary and sufficient components of interventions for trauma-related sleep disturbance and post-traumatic stress (e.g., exposure, cognitive reappraisal, sleep and circadian regulation).     

股骨近端膨胀钉的疗效观察

2006年8月～2008年5月,我科采用股骨近端膨胀钉技术治疗股骨转子间骨折患者27例,效果满意. 1 材料与方法 1.1 病例资料本组27例,男19例,女8例,年龄48～89岁.其中1例合并胫骨干骨折,10例合并心脑血管疾病.骨折部皮肤均完好无损.AO分型:31-A1型3例,31-A2型16例,31-A3型8例;Evans-Jensen分型:1型3例,2型5例,3型10例,4型7例,5型2例.     

Application of the mean spherical approximation and ion association to describe the activity coefficients of aqueous 1:1 electrolytes1

The unrestricted version of the mean spherical approximation has been applied to describe the concentration dependence of the mean ionic activity coefficients for 12 aqueous electrolyte solutions for which extensive permittivity data are also available. By using the actual solvent permittivity rather than that of the pure solvent, it is shown that this primitive model fits the experimental data in almost all cases to the maximum concentrations for which the permittivity can be described by the use of three adjustable parameters, namely, an effective ionic diameter, σ₊ or σ_?, the effective ion pair diameter σ_ip, and the association constant K_as for ion pair formation. The values of K_as obtained are discussed with respect to results from experiments reported in the literature.     

基于知识图谱的影像组学研究可视化分析

目的：使用知识图谱的方法对影像组学领域文献分布、研究力量分布和研究热点进行分析,为相关研究提供参考。方法：下载Web of Science数据库中影像组学文献题录。分别使用BICOM 2.0.1和SATI 3.2对发表年份、期刊、作者、关键词、科研机构数据进行清理和频次统计;使用CiteSpace V4.4.R1构建国家(地区)合作网络知识图谱;使用Ucinet 6构建核心著者、核心科研机构的合作网络知识图谱;使用gCLUTO 1.0构建高频关键词双聚类图。结果：共检索到700篇文献,自2012年开始论文发表数量逐年快速增长。在该领域领先的主要有美国、中国、荷兰等国家,形成5个重要科研机构合作群和10个重要著者合作群。根据高频关键词双聚类分析发现8个研究热点方向。结论：影像组学作为一个新兴的研究方向处于快速发展阶段,越来越多的国家、科研机构及多学科背景科研人员投入到相关研究中,并不断有新的名词、新的方法出现在该领域。     

CT动脉增强分数评估肝硬化患者肝功能水平

目的：探讨CT动脉增强分数(arterial enhancement fraction,AEF)评估肝硬化患者肝功能损伤程度的可行性及临床价值。方法：前瞻性招募符合纳入及排除标准的52例肝硬化患者(Child-Pugh A,B,C级肝硬化患者组分别为13,20及19例)和17例无肝脏疾病者作为对照。受试者均行肝3期增强CT扫描,利用CT Kinetics软件进行后处理获得AEF彩图及其定量参数肝AEF(hepatic AEF,HAEF)、肝与脾AEF比值(H/S)。比较不同Child-Pugh级别间HAEF,H/S的差异,并计算受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,AUROC),对肝硬化患者的HAEF,H/S与终末期肝病模型(model for end-stage liver disease,MELD)评分进行Spearman相关性分析。结果：HAEF,H/S的观察者间一致性高,组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient,ICC)分别为0.918(95% CI：0.871~0.949),0.946(95% CI：0.915~0.966)。对照组与Child-Pugh A,B,C级肝硬化患者组间的HAEF,H/S差异有统计学意义 (均P<0.001);肝硬化患者HAEF,H/S随Child-Pugh分级增加呈升高趋势,且除Child-Pugh A级组与B级组H/S外差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。在所有肝硬化患者中,HAEF,H/S用于诊断Child-Pugh A级的AUROC分别为0.933,0.821;用于诊断Child-Pugh C级的AUROC分别为0.925,0.915。肝硬化患者HAEF,H/S与MELD评分呈显著正相关(HAEF：r=0.752,P<0.001;H/S：r=0.676,P<0.001)。结论：CT AEF相关参数HAEF,H/S与肝硬化严重程度及预后密切相关,能简单、有效地评估肝功能损伤状况。     

Increasing rural activity and curriculum content in the Adelaide University Medical School

This study aimed to document the level of rural activity and curriculum content in the Adelaide University Medical School. A questionnaire was distributed to all heads of departments within the Medical School and additional information was obtained from reports and discussions with key personnel. There has been an increase in the proportion of students with a rural background enrolled from 9% in 1994 to 22% in 2000. There has also been an increase in the number of weeks available for rural placements from 12 (mostly optional) to 29 weeks (some mandatory), and an increase in the number of departments offering rural placements. There has also been improved academic support to rural practitioners and many departments directly provide services in rural communities. A new combined University Department of Rural Health (UDRH)/Rural Clinical School associated with the Adelaide University Medical School aims to provide at least half of all clinical training to 25% of all medical students of Australian origin.     

Linear and non-linear analysis using the Oldham–Zoski steady-state equation for determining heterogeneous electrode kinetics at microdisk electrodes and digital simulation of the microdisk geometry with the fast quasi-explicit finite difference method1

A procedure which utilizes a linearized version of the Oldham–Zoski current-potential equation has been developed for the evaluation of electrode kinetic parameters from near-steady state voltammograms obtained at microdisk electrodes. The inherent advantage of the method is its mathematical simplicity relative to the other procedures already available in the literature. The procedure is applied to synthetic data obtained under near-steady state conditions from the fast quasi-explicit finite difference simulation of quasi-reversible electron transfer at a microdisk electrode. A procedure using non-linear optimization based on the Marquardt algorithm is also applied to the simulated data. Near-steady state voltammograms showing the effect of a potential dependent charge transfer coefficient are presented and analyzed. The robustness of the analysis is tested with voltammograms containing a random noise component and the near-steady state terms inherently present in experimental data. Application of the Oldham–Zoski equation to the simulated voltammograms enables the fidelity of both methods to be established over a wide range of heterogeneous kinetic conditions.