Posterior thoracolumbar fusion in a patient with Kleefstra Syndrome related scoliosis: The first case reported

Spine deformities could be considered a possible manifestation of the childhood hypotonia, typical feature of Kleefstra Syndrome (KS). There is a paucity of literature describing posterior spinal fusion in the Kleefstra syndrome patient. For patients who develop severe scoliotic curve, bracing is often ineffective and surgery is recommended. We report the first corrective surgery for scoliosis in one patient with KS.We describe a case of 13-year-old female with severe developmental scoliosis in KS. Preoperative examination showed a thoracolumbar scoliosis with left convex thoracic curve (T3-T9, 97°) and right convex thoracolumbar curve (T9-L3, 88°). Posterior correction, pedicle screw fixation and bone graft fusion T3-L5 was performed. Postoperatively, the thoracic curve was corrected to 33° while the thoracolumbar one to 26° and better standing posture was obtained. Six month follow-up images showed no loosening of the hardware. The patient is still in our follow-up program.Scoliosis seems to be a rare evenience of the severe hypotonia of patients with KS. We report the first case of scoliosis in KS treated successfully with surgery. Corrective surgery for spinal deformity, such as scoliosis, could help in posture and improve the quality of life especially in complicated patients such as syndromic ones.     

Medpor与游离真皮脂肪移植修复上颌骨及软组织缺损畸形

目的：寻找一种修复上颌骨及软组织缺损的理想方法。方法：采用Medpor与游离真皮脂肪移植，对不同原因所致的上颌骨及软组织缺损畸形进行整复。结果：临床治疗5例，面部畸形均得到良好矫正。结论：这一手术方法创伤小，可塑性强，且大大降低了软组织移植吸收、坏死等并发症的发生，是修复上颌骨及软组织缺损的可取方法。     

The bipartite tarsal navicular bone: Radiographic and computed tomography findings

Two cases of bipartite tarsal navicular bone are presented. The radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of this anatomical variant are described. Correct recognition of this entity is important, both because it may be the cause of symptoms perse, and because it may be misdiagnosed as a fracture. When plain films are not diagnostic, CT scanning is helpful in distinguishing between a fracture and this variant.     

颌骨陈旧性骨折与发育畸形同期联合治疗

目的探讨陈旧性骨折与颌骨畸形同期联合手术治疗的可行性。方法伴有颌骨发育畸形的陈旧性骨折患者，在骨折手术复位的同时行上颌LeFort-I截骨术下颌矢状劈开术（SSRO），治疗发育畸形。结果6例患者术后均I期愈合。术前术后投影测量指标显示，患者正侧貌、审美平面及鼻唇角等指标有明显改善。结论在修复颌骨创伤畸形的同时，解决了颌骨发育畸形所带来的形态及功能障碍，陈旧性骨折与颌骨畸形同期联合治疗是可行的。     

三维节段脊柱内固定系统在脊柱矫形术中的应用

目的评价三维节段脊柱内固定系统在不同脊柱畸形中的应用效果.方法应用三维节段脊柱内固定系统CD、TSRH等治疗脊柱畸形26例,其中特发性侧凸19例,先天性侧凸2例,后凸畸形5例,均以后路矫形自体骨植骨融合.结果所有病例经6～27个月随访,平均10.4个月.侧凸冠状面畸形平均矫正率为61.4%;矢状面后凸术后平均32.5°;旋转畸形平均矫正Ⅰ度,顶椎最大偏距平均矫正率为65.1%;后凸畸形平均矫正率为59.2%.所有病例无脱钩、断棍、感染、骨折以及脊髓神经损伤.结论三维节段脊柱内固定系统不仅可以完成畸形的三维矫正,而且矫正可靠,稳定性高,术后可不用石膏固定.     

三维测量技术在骨性Ⅲ类错颌双颌术后复发研究中的应用

目的探讨三维测量方法应用于骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者正颌术后颌骨稳定性研究的可行性,分析术后颌骨的复发情况及其影响因素。方法以2019年7至12月于南京大学医学院附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科行双颌手术的骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者为研究对象,患者均行上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术+双侧下颌矢状劈开术。收集患者术前1周(T0)、术后3 d(T1)、术后6~12个月(T2)螺旋CT数据,使用3D Slicer建模并导入Geomagic Qualify拟合配准、测量上、下颌骨各标志点三维移动距离。对T1、T2期各标志点坐标值行配对t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,并对有明显复发的标志点之间行Pearson相关性分析,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共纳入15例患者,其中男5例,女10例,年龄18~25岁,平均21.3岁。T1与T2期各标志点水平向坐标值比较,仅在右下颌角点差异有统计学意义,T1期为(-50.47±4.44) mm,T2期为(-50.06±4.66) mm(t=2.948,P=0.011)。T1与T2期各标志点前后向坐标值比较,上颌骨上牙槽座点、左、右梨状孔点、左、右骨折线中点差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),复发率分别为37.7 %(1.36/3.61)、35.7%(1.15/3.22)、25.4%(0.84/3.31)、26.9%(0.84/3.12)、14.0%(0.41/2.92);下颌骨下牙槽座点、颏前点、颏顶点、颏下点、左、右下颌角点差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),复发率分别为36.9%(1.75/4.74)、53.9%(2.45/4.55)、55.5%(2.72/4.90)、61.7%(2.90/4.70)、85.3%(2.20/2.58)、93.4%(2.40/2.57);复发距离与移动距离均显著相关(r值为0.572~0.736,P < 0.05)。T1、T2期垂直向各标志点坐标值比较,上颌骨垂直向差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);下颌骨下牙槽座点、颏前点、颏顶点、颏下点差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),T2期较T1期发生明显的逆时针旋转。结论三维测量方法可准确反映骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者双颌术后颌骨的三维变化,术后上、下颌骨在水平向均无明显复发,在前后向均存在复发,与手术距离显著相关,在垂直向仅下颌骨存在旋转移位。     

The relationship between phalangeal bone density and vertebral deformities

Radiographic absorptiometry (RA) of the phalanges is a convenient and reliable technique for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). It needs only a radiograph of the hand, which can be sent for evaluation to a central facility, whereas other techniques require specialized equipment. We assessed the relationship between RA measurements and the presence of vertebral deformities in a population-based cohort of postmenopausal women, and to compare the results with simultaneously obtained BMD of the hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A total of 389 women aged 55–84 (mean age 67.2 years, SD 8.7) were randomly selected from a large general practice. RA, DXA of the hip, and vertebral deformities in the lateral spine X-rays by vertebral morphometry were assessed. Thirty-eight women (9.8%) had severe (grade II) vertebral deformities, and their BMD at the phalanges and femoral neck was significantly lower than that of women without severe vertebral deformities. Odds ratios for the presence of severe vertebral deformities of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.1) for RA and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.9–1.9) for DXA, together with similar receiver operating characteristics curves, were found using age-adjusted logistic regression. Phalangeal BMD is related to vertebral deformities at least as closely as BMD of the femoral neck BMD. RA may therefore help to evaluate fracture risk, especially if no DXA equipment is available. Received: 21 July 1998 / Accepted: 1 July 1999     

术后尺偏手畸形17例临床分析

目的 分析手外伤术后并发尺偏手畸形的原因及治疗措施.方法 回顾性分析17例手外伤术后并发尺偏手畸形患者的临床资料.结果 17例患者中掌骨成角畸形者联合予截骨矫形微型钢板内固定术4例、腕掌关节失稳联合行融合内固定术8例,掌骨不稳予植骨融合克氏针固定5例;所有患者均康复出院,住院时间15 ～24 d,平均(17.6±2.1)d.并发尺偏手畸形的主要原因:患者手掌指关节的指背腱膜与伸肌腱向尺侧拉力增大,并与手掌内侧肌肉产生对抗;掌骨多发骨折致畸形愈合或腕掌关节失稳;掌深横韧带损伤致掌骨相对不稳等.尺偏手畸形发生在手术后2～7个月,平均(4.1±1.1)个月;食指、中指、环指及小指与拇指等治疗前后偏角差异均有统计学意义(t=9.3213、9.8826、9.3605、9.4561,均P＜0.05).随访1～3年,尺偏手畸形均得到有效纠正.结论 手掌压砸伤术后并发尺偏手畸形有多种原因,需要采取手术治疗.     

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating appears to be of benefit for implant durability of tibial components in primary total knee arthroplasty

Background It is unclear whether there is a clinical benefit to adding hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings to total knee implants, especially with the tibial component, where failure of the implant more often occurs. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify all prospective randomized trials for determining whether the overall clinical results (as a function of durability, function, and adverse events) favored HA-coated tibial components.

Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed for the years 1990 to September 16, 2010. We restricted our search to randomized controlled trials involving participants receiving either an HA-coated tibia or other forms of tibial fixation. The primary outcome measures evaluated were durability, function, and acute adverse events.

Results Data from 926 evaluable primary total knee implants in 14 studies were analyzed. Using an RSA definition for durability, HA-coated tibial components (porous or press-fit) without screw fixation were less likely to be unstable at 2 years than porous and cemented metal-backed tibial components (RR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34–0.98; p = 0.04, I² = 39%, M-H random effects model). There was no significant difference in durability, as measured from revision and evaluated at 2 and 8–10 years, between groups. Also, functional status using different validated measures showed no significant difference at 2 and 5 years, no matter what measure was used. Lastly, there was no significant difference in adverse events. Limitations included small numbers of evaluable patients (≤ 50) in 7 of the 14 trials identified, and a lack of “hard” evidence of durability with need for replacement (i.e. frank failure, pain, or loss of functionality).

Interpretation In patients > 65 years of age, an HA-coated tibial implant may provide better durability than other forms of tibial fixation. Larger trials should be undertaken comparing the long-term durability, function, and adverse events of HA-coated implants with those of other porous-coated tibial implants in younger, more active OA patients.