全文获取类型
收费全文 | 734篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 19篇 |
妇产科学 | 9篇 |
基础医学 | 223篇 |
口腔科学 | 51篇 |
临床医学 | 34篇 |
内科学 | 158篇 |
皮肤病学 | 26篇 |
神经病学 | 50篇 |
特种医学 | 5篇 |
外科学 | 31篇 |
综合类 | 53篇 |
预防医学 | 10篇 |
眼科学 | 5篇 |
药学 | 71篇 |
中国医学 | 17篇 |
肿瘤学 | 31篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 38篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 41篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 30篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有794条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
The effects of cepharanthin on inflammatory parameters such as neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, were examined. Cepharanthin significantly decreased the levels of O2-, H2O2, and OH. generated by neutrophils. H2O2 and OH. generated in a cell-free, xanthine-xanthine oxidase system were also reduced in the presence of cepharanthin. However, the drug did not affect neutrophil chemotaxis or phagocytosis. The present study indicates that cepharanthin is an effective ROS scavenger, exerting its anti-inflammatory action by reducing the potent ROS species excessively generated in tissues and organs, especially at the sites of inflammation. 相似文献
2.
目的:探讨五味子酚(Sal)对大鼠嗜中性白细胞(Neu)功能的调节作用.结果:Sal 1,10,100μmol·L~(-1)剂量依赖性抑制Neu功能,Sal 100μmol·L~(-1)使Neu表面伪足和皱褶消失,并可降低细胞内钙离子浓度、升高细胞内cAMP水平.结论:Sal可通过影响细胞内钙离子浓度、cAMP水平及细胞表面形态抑制Neu的功能. 相似文献
3.
MASAAKI SHIMATANI KAZUYUKI TSUJI YOSHIYA AZE SHIN YAMAMOTO NOBUYUKI SHIBATANI YOSHIHITO IMAI SHOICHIROH TAKAMIDO YOSHITSUGU KUBOTA KAZUICHI OKAZAKI 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2006,20(1):117-125
Background and Aims: Increased numbers and enhanced functions of peripheral neutrophils have been observed in obstructive jaundice. However, the effects of obstructive jaundice on the bone marrow, that is neutrophil production and acquisition of neutrophil chemotactic activity, have been poorly understood. In the present study, differentials of bone marrow cells and chemotactic activity of bone marrow neutrophils were evaluated in bile duct-obstructed rats.
Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent either bile duct obstruction for 10 days or bile duct obstruction for 4 days followed by 6 days' internal biliary drainage. Differentials of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells were sequentially determined. Chemotactic activity of peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils was evaluated with a modified Boyden method using interleukin-8 (recombinant rat Gro-β) as a chemoattractant.
Results: Numbers of peripheral neutrophils significantly increased after bile duct obstruction. Significant increases in the myeloid/erythroid (M/E) ratio of bone marrow cells were observed after bile duct obstruction. The neutrophil proliferative pool (promyelocytes and myelocytes) increased initially, followed by an increased neutrophil storage pool (metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented neutrophils). The M/E ratio as well as the neutrophil proliferative and storage pools normalized after internal biliary drainage. Chemotactic activity was enhanced in both peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils after bile duct obstruction, and enhanced chemotaxis was alleviated with internal biliary drainage.
Conclusion: The present results strongly suggest the principal role of the bone marrow in increasing the number of neutrophils and their chemotactic activity during obstructive jaundice. 相似文献
Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent either bile duct obstruction for 10 days or bile duct obstruction for 4 days followed by 6 days' internal biliary drainage. Differentials of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells were sequentially determined. Chemotactic activity of peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils was evaluated with a modified Boyden method using interleukin-8 (recombinant rat Gro-β) as a chemoattractant.
Results: Numbers of peripheral neutrophils significantly increased after bile duct obstruction. Significant increases in the myeloid/erythroid (M/E) ratio of bone marrow cells were observed after bile duct obstruction. The neutrophil proliferative pool (promyelocytes and myelocytes) increased initially, followed by an increased neutrophil storage pool (metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented neutrophils). The M/E ratio as well as the neutrophil proliferative and storage pools normalized after internal biliary drainage. Chemotactic activity was enhanced in both peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils after bile duct obstruction, and enhanced chemotaxis was alleviated with internal biliary drainage.
Conclusion: The present results strongly suggest the principal role of the bone marrow in increasing the number of neutrophils and their chemotactic activity during obstructive jaundice. 相似文献
4.
L. M. TERAN M. G. CAMPOS B. T. BEGISHVILLI J.-M. SCHRÖDER R. DJUKANOVIC J. K. SHUTE M. K. CHURCH S. T. HOLGATE D. E. DAVIES† 《Clinical and experimental allergy》1997,27(4):396-405
Background Although neutrophils have been implicated in bronchial asthma, the mechanism(s) which bring these cells into the airways is poorly understood. Objective To investigate the presence and identity of neutrophil chemotactic factors in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from atopic asthmatic subjects. Method BAL fluid was obtained from 13 subjects (seven asthmatics and six normals). aged 19 to 60 yr, at bronchoscopy. Separation of neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) was achieved by FPLC cation exchange chromatography. Fractions were collected and assayed for chemotaxis multiwell micro-chemotaxes chambers using polycarbonate filters, for the complement peptide C5a/C5a des Arg by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and for interleukin-8 (IL-8) by ELISA. Results NCA was found in FPLC fractions of BAL samples in four out of seven asthmatics and each of these subjects had at least three similar peaks of NCA. The major peak of NCA was found to contain immunoreactive C5a/C5a des Arg and chemotaxis. In response to this NCA could be blocked by desensitization of the neutrophils with recombinant C5a. Purified serum derived C5a/C5a des Arg was found to have altered chromatographic properties when added to BAL fluid; this suggested that BAL fluid contained proteins which interacted with the C5a/C5a des Arg. Immunoreactive IL-8 (iIL-8) was also detected but its concentration or chemical form was insufficient to induce neutropbil chemotaxis. Conclusion This study demonstrates that bronchial asthmatic lavage fluid contains C5a/C5a des/Arg and iL-8, together with other as yet unidentified factors which may contribute to neutropbil recruitment in this disease. 相似文献
5.
The authors review the latest theories of peripheral nerve regeneration and repair. They present their research on nerve regeneration including the alterations in the mother cell body, and in the distal part of the axon, and the time required to reach the best production of amino acids for cytoskeleton reconstruction. Other research of particular interest which is presented regards the chemotactic arrangement of motor and sensory axons inside a vein. This research has shown that the axons are able to find their way to the appropriate (sensory or motor) distal endoneural tubes.Adoption phenomena are also presented.The discussion of surgery includes the type (suture, glueing, grafts, tubulization) and the time of surgical repair. Timing and repair strategies are related to the site of the lesion (which can require that a greater or smaller amount of cytoskeleton be reconstructed), the type of the injury, the state of surrounding tissues, the age of the patients, injuries to muscles, tendons, bones, vessels and skin. A scheme of strategy is proposed. 相似文献
6.
Human sperm chemotaxis: both the oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells secrete sperm chemoattractants 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Sun F Bahat A Gakamsky A Girsh E Katz N Giojalas LC Tur-Kaspa I Eisenbach M 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2005,20(3):761-767
BACKGROUND: Human sperm chemotaxis to pre-ovulatory follicular fluid is well established in vitro. However, it is not known whether the female's oocyte-cumulus complex secretes sperm chemoattractants subsequent to ovulation (for enabling sperm chemotaxis within the Fallopian tube) and, if so, which of these cell types--the oocyte or the cumulus oophorus--is the physiological origin of the secreted chemoattractant. METHODS: By employing a directionality-based chemotaxis assay, we examined whether media conditioned with either individual, mature (metaphase II) human oocytes or the surrounding cumulus cells attract human sperm by chemotaxis. RESULTS: We observed sperm chemotaxis to each of these media, suggesting that both the oocyte and the cumulus cells secrete sperm chemoattractants. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that sperm chemoattractants are secreted not only prior to ovulation within the follicle, as earlier studies have demonstrated, but also after oocyte maturation outside the follicle, and that there are two chemoattractant origins: the mature oocyte and the surrounding cumulus cells. 相似文献
7.
Julius Klominek Berivan Baskin Dan Hauzenberger 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》1998,16(6):529-539
Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF BB) and the PDGF receptor b are expressed on mesotheliomacells, but their biological function has not yet been defined. In the present study we used Boyden chambersfitted with filters coated with the adhesive matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, collagen type IV or the non-matrixadhesive molecule poly-L-lysine (PLL). Mesothelioma cells migrated towards PDGF BB at concen-trationsranging from 0.78 to 12.5 ng/ml if matrix proteins were present as adhesive substrates. This migrationwas integrin dependent since the same cells failed to migrate if the adhesive interactions necessary for migra-tionwere provided by molecules other than integrins. Migration of mesothelioma cells on fibronectin, lamininor collagen-type IV in response to PDGF BB was inhibited if the cells were pretreated with blocking anti-bodiesto a3b1 integrin. These findings describe for the first time PDGF BB as a chemoattractant for malig-nantmesothelioma cells and that collaboration between PDGF receptor b and integrin a3b1 is necessaryfor the motile response of these cells to PDGF BB.©Kluwer Academic Publishers 相似文献
8.
H. Mensing 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1985,63(4):145-151
Summary Fibroblast are responsable for the synthesis of the structural proteins of the connective tissue. A further property of these cells, their migratory ability, could be analyzed in the last years. A special form of migration is chemotaxis, which can be quantitatively measured in a modified Boyden chamber in-vitro. Using this method chemoattractive substances could be characterized, which are able to stimulate fibroblasts and tumorcells to chemotactic migration. Furthermore it could be proved, that benign and transformed cell lines react in a different manner towards these chemoattractive substances. The in-vitro results allow some hypotheses about both fibroblast migration in wound healing or chronic inflammation, and the mechanisms of tumor cell evasion in the tumor surrounding tissue or the metastasizing process in other organs.
Abkürzungen PDGF platelet derived growth factor - LTB4 Leukotrien B 4 Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft Me 766/1–3 相似文献
Abkürzungen PDGF platelet derived growth factor - LTB4 Leukotrien B 4 Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft Me 766/1–3 相似文献
9.
10.
Carey E. Uhlenkott Jeannette C. Huijzer Dawn J. Cardeiro Catherine A. Elstad Gary G. Meadows 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》1996,14(2):125-137
We previously reported that low levels of tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) alter the metastatic phenotype of B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma and select for tumor cell populations with decreased lung colonizing ability. To more specifically characterize the effects of Tyr and Phe restriction on the malignant phenotype of BL6, we investigated in vitro attachment, invasion, proteinase expression, and chemotaxis of high and low metastatic BL6 variants. High metastatic variant cells were isolated from subcutaneous tumors of mice fed a nutritionally complete diet (ND cells) and low metastatic variant cells were isolated from mice fed a diet restricted in Tyr and Phe (LTP cells). Results indicate that attachment to reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) was significantly reduced in LTP cells as compared to ND cells. Attachment to collagen IV, laminin, and fibronectin were similar between the two variants. Invasion through Matrigel and growth factor-reduced Matrigel were significantly decreased in LTP cells as compared to ND cells. Zymography revealed the presence of M
r 92 000 and M
r 72 000 progelatinases, tissue plasminogen activator, and urokinase plasminogen activator in the conditioned medium of both variants; however, there were no differences in activity of these secreted proteinases between the two variants. Growth of the variants on growth factor-reduced Matrigel similarly induced expression of the M
r 92 000 progelatinase. The variants exhibited similar chemotactic responses toward laminin. However, the chemotactic response toward fibronectin by LTP cells was significantly increased. MFR5, a monoclonal antibody which selectively blocks function of the 5 chain of the 5ß1 integrin, VLA-5, decreased the chemotactic response toward fibronectin of ND cells by 37%; the chemotactic response by LTP cells was reduced by 49%. This effect was specific for fibronectin-mediated chemotaxis since the chemotaxis toward laminin and invasion through Matrigel were not altered by the presence of MFR5. The surface expression of VLA-5 was significantly increased in LTP cells as compared to ND cells by flow cytometric analysis. These observations suggest that limitation of Tyr and Phe either directly modifies BL6 or selects for subpopulations with altered in vitro invasion, chemotaxis, and integrin expression. 相似文献