Significance of wet autoclave pretreatment in immunohistochemistry

Until recently the only way to rescue masked epitopes in routinely processed surgical pathological material was enzymatic digestion. The use of heat for antigen retrieval, first by microwave irradiation, represents an important breakthrough in immunohistochemistry. With the acceptance of microwave oven pretreatment, various modified techniques and alternative heating methods have also been proposed. Wet autoclave pretreatment for tissue proteolysis is a highly reliable alternative to the microwave antigen retrieval technique. It provides uniform heating of the slides, hence an even enhancement of staining intensity in a variety of formalin-sensitive antigens, and it also offers consistent interlaboratory results. The method has been introduced in routine diagnostic immunohistochemistry for the detection of estrogen-and progesterone receptors, L26-, Ki-67- and bcl-2 antigens and variable types of cytokeratins (1/5/10/11, 8, 13, 19). Experimentally, wet autoclaving can be used very successfully for the immunophenotyping of p53 and mdm2 expression, for the detection of adhesion molecules (CD44, integrins) and some anti-inflammatory molecules (annexins), among others. It has produced a substantial improvement in the visualisation of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regionsassociated proteins (AgNORs) in routine paraffin sections and along with modified silver staining and standardized AgNOR parameters assessed by image analysis. Wet autoclaving-based AgNOR staining has been proposed by a European multicentric study group as the standardized method for AgNOR analysis in archival material.     

Proliferative (mib1, mdm2) versus anti-proliferative (p53) markers in head and neck cancer. An Immunohistochemical study

Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded samples from 36 squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and the oral cavity (pT₂N₀M₀, R₀) surrounded by non-tumorous mucosa were studied immunohistochemically using a panel of four different anti-p53 antibodies (CM1, PAbl801, D07, PAb240), a monoclonal anti-mdm2 antibody and MIB1, following wet autoclave antigen retrieval. P53 immunoreactivity was detected in 11/14 laryngeal and in 9/22 oral carcinomas. All p53 positive oral, and all but one laryngeal tumors revealed mdm2 positivity as well, whereas in p53 negative tumors 4/12 and 1/3 mdm2 immunopositive cases were demonstrated, respectively. MIB1 labeling indices of the tumors ranged between 18% – 64% in p53 positive cases, and 10% – 53% in p53 negative ones. The difference was not statistically significant. Close spatial coexpression of p53, mdm2 and MIB1 immunoreactivity was observed at the invasive front of the carcinomas and in the basal and suprabasal layers of the non-tumorous epithelium in all p53 positive cases. However, the MIB1 expression was similarly increased at the invasive margins in carcinomas lacking immunohistochemically detectable p53 alterations. Our results strongly suggest that p53 overexpression does not necessarily correspond to increased rate of proliferation, but rather to mdm2 overexpression and is largely dependent on the anatomical site in case of small and localized squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region.     

仙桃市医疗机构消毒管理与质量三年监测

目的了解医疗机构消毒管理状况与消毒效果监测结果,有针对性地采取措施,提高消毒管理水平。方法通过现场调查和消毒效果检测方法,对湖北仙桃市医疗机构消毒管理与消毒效果状况进行调查与监测。结果在2011-2013年从该市管辖的医疗机构中采集各种消毒对象6 129份,平均合格率为73.1%。连续3年各年度合格率分别为71.8%、72.8%和74.7%。使用中消毒剂合格率最高,为99.1%;室内空气、紫外线灯、医护人员手和物体表面合格率均较低;分别为74.2%、67.3%、61.2%和59.1%。压力蒸汽灭菌器生物监测质量合格率仅93.3%。结论仙桃市医疗机构消毒质量总体较差,应限期改善压力蒸汽灭菌质量,加强基层医疗机构消毒管理和监测。     

一次性封装袋用于两种灭菌方法的效果比较

目的　比较和确定Eurosteril一次性封装袋在高温高压和环氧乙烷灭菌后的无菌有效期。方法　将 96 0把11号刀片用一次性封装袋通过专用封口机 (Euroseal)进行标准包装。随机分成A和B两组 ,分别经高温高压和环氧乙烷灭菌后 ,定期抽样对刀片进行细菌培养。结果　高温高压组绝对无菌期为灭菌后 7周 ,环氧乙烷组为灭菌后8周。两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高温高压总体灭菌效果优于环氧乙烷。结论　使用Eurosteril一次性封装袋在高温高压和环氧乙烷灭菌后均能达到至少 7周的无菌有效期 ,但高温高压总体灭菌效果稍优于环氧乙烷     

脉动真空压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌效果的监测

为了解脉动真空压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌质量,确保灭菌效果,采用物理、化学、生物方法,对其灭菌质量进行了监测。结果,经监测6480锅次,包内化学指示卡监测合格率达到99.9％;温度监测合格率为99.8％;生物指示剂监测合格率100％。结论,该院脉动真空压力蒸汽灭菌器运行状况良好,物理、化学、生物监测合格率达到99％以上。     

全国医院消毒质量监测结果

目的了解全国医院消毒与灭菌质量,改进医院消毒与感染控制措施。方法通过全国医院感染-消毒监测网收集资料,对部分省市30所医院消毒管理与质量进行了调查。结果 2007-2009年经对黑龙江、吉林、山东、湖北、上海、江苏、浙江和广东等8个省市30所医院的调查,口腔科用水合格率最低,手机喷水和冲洗水合格率分别为34.28%和43.31%。手术室空气、医务人员手卫生、内镜和医院污水平均合格率分别为71.52%、76.78%、78.33%和78.49%。物体表面和外科术前手消毒合格率分别为95.15%和92.82%,压力蒸汽灭菌器生物监测合格率为94.89%。结论国内医院消毒质量平均合格率较低,存在的问题较多,口腔科用水质量、内镜、压力蒸汽灭菌设备质量等问题应予以重视。     

Synthesis of N‐(2,5‐dimethoxybenzyl)‐N‐(5‐fluoro‐2‐phenoxyphenyl)[carbonyl‐11C]acetamide ([carbonyl‐11C]DAA1106) and analogues using [11C]carbon monoxide and palladium(0) complex

N‐(2,5‐Dimethoxybenzyl)‐N‐(5‐fluoro‐2‐phenoxyphenyl)acetamide (DAA1106), a potent and selective ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, and eight structurally related analogues were labelled with ¹¹C at the carbonyl position using a low concentration of [¹¹C]carbon monoxide and the micro‐autoclave technique. A combinatorial approach was applied to synthesize the analogues using similar reaction conditions. Palladium‐mediated carbonylation using tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, various amines and methyl iodide or iodobenzene was employed in the synthesis. The ¹¹C‐labelled products were obtained with 10–55% decay‐corrected radiochemical yields and the final product was more than 97% pure in all cases. Specific radioactivity was determined for the compound [carbonyl‐¹¹C]DAA1106 using a single experiment and a 10‐µA h bombardment. The specific radioactivity, measured 36 min after end of bombardment, was 455 GBq/µmol. Synthetic routes to the precursors and reference compounds were also developed. The presented approach is a novel method for the synthesis of [carbonyl‐¹¹C]DAA1106 and its analogues, and allows the formation of a library of ¹¹C‐labelled DAA1106 analogues which can be used to optimize the performance as a potential positron emission tomography tracer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flash autoclave settings may influence eradication but not presence of well‐established biofilms on orthopaedic implant material

Flash autoclaving is one of the most frequently utilized methods of sterilizing devices, implants or other materials. For a number of decades, it has been common practice for surgeons to remove implantable devices, flash autoclave and then reimplant them in a patient. Data have not yet indicated the potential for biofilms to survive or remain on the surface of orthopaedic‐relevant materials following flash autoclave. In this study, monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms were grown on the surface of clinically relevant titanium materials and exposed to flash autoclave settings that included varying times and temperatures. Data indicated that when the sterilization and control temperatures of an autoclave were the same, biofilms were able to survive flash autoclaving that was performed for a short duration. Higher temperature and increased duration rendered biofilms non‐viable, but none of the autoclave settings had the ability to remove or disperse the presence of biofilms from the titanium surfaces. These findings may be beneficial for facilities, clinics, or hospitals to consider if biofilms are suspected to be present on materials or devices, in particular implants that have had associated infection and are considered for re‐implantation. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1543–1550, 2018.

     

热压法制备玉米抗性淀粉

目的 以玉米淀粉为原料,采用压热法制备玉米抗性淀粉,并确定最佳工艺条件.方法 采用热压法制备玉米抗性.结果 通过正交试验确定最佳条件为:淀粉乳浓度为30%,压热温度为120 ℃处理60 min.结论 在最佳条件制备抗性淀粉含量为11.37%.