团体咨询消解大学生交流恐惧的研究

目的 :探讨团体咨询对消解大学生交流恐惧的有效性及可行性。方法 :以团体咨询的形式对 12名与人交流时存在恐惧或焦虑的大学生进行为期 9周的训练 ,实验前后分别测查PRCA - 2 4、PRCS、FNE、SAD及SCL - 90中的人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖 4个分量表 ,同时通过主观评价量表判断团体咨询的效果 ,团体咨询结束 5个月后对被试予以追踪调查。结果 :经 9周团体咨询后 ,除FNE量表无显著差异外 ,其余量表及自评测量项目表现为明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,追踪评估结果提示团体咨询活动结束 5个月后效果依然存在。结论 :团体咨询方法对消解大学生交流恐惧是有效的、可行的     

医学生交流恐惧状况调查及分析

目的调查成都医学院不同专业,入学年份和本专科学生的人际沟通恐惧情况。方法采用交流恐惧自陈量表（PRCA-24）对332名在校学生进行测试并对结果进行分析。结果同年级不同专业（t=-0.076,-1.598;P〉0.05）,同专业不同入学年份的学生之间交流恐惧总分没有明显差异（F=0.622,P〉0.05）,但专科生与本科生之间的交流恐惧总分有较为显著的差异（t=3.355,P〈0.01;t=2.159,2.107,2.596;P均〈0.05）。结论医学生的交流恐惧与本专科层次有关。     

Effects of cerebral hemispheric laterality on the span of apprehension of schizophrenic and healthy subjects

The effects of hemispheric laterality on a forced-choice Span of Apprehension (SoA) task were investigated. Forty-eight adult schizophrenic inpatients were recruited. A control group of healthy subjects was put together using the matched-pairs method with age, gender, and eduction as control variables. SoA performance was determined separately for the left and right visual field (VF), respectively. No SoA group differences were found, in both groups, the hit percentage was higher in the right VF. However, in the schizophrenic group, the left VF performance showed significant negative correlations with psychopathologic symptoms (especially auditory verbal hallucinations). In a subsample of patients receiving atypical neuroleptic drugs, the daily dosage correlated negatively with left VF performance. In general, young subjects performed better than old subjects (both VFs), males performed better than females, and subjects with high education performed better than subjects with low education (right VF). Received: 31 May 2000 / Accepted: 17 October 2000     

Contrasting patterns of brain activity in anxious apprehension and anxious arousal.

Evidence suggests that a distinction between anxious apprehension (worry) and anxious arousal (somatic anxiety) might account for some discrepancies in the literature examining brain activity in anxiety. In the current study, we compared the regional brain activity of groups of anxious apprehension and anxious arousal participants, selected on the basis of self-report measures previously shown to be psychometrically distinct from each other and from a specific measure of depression. Patterns of hemispheric asymmetry in electroencephalogram alpha distinguished the two types of anxiety, with the anxious arousal group showing more right than left activity. No significant asymmetry was found for the anxious apprehension group. The results provide further support for contrasting patterns of brain activity in distinct types of anxiety. Research is needed to specify further the topography and functional significance of this distinction.     

开展以问题为基础的学习改善医学生交流恐惧的研究

目的 探讨开展以问题为基础学习（PBL）对医学生交流恐惧的影响。方法 以中国医科大学五年制临床医学专业62名学生为研究对象,按照学号分为PBL组和对照组,PBL组31人,对照组31人。PBL组采用PBL教学方法,对照组采用传统教学方法,两组由相同教师授课。课后采用交流恐惧自陈量表（PRCA-24）评价两组学生的交流恐惧水平。用SPSS 11.5进行数据统计。结果 男生中、低度恐惧的比例高于女生,而高度恐惧的比例低于女生。男生的总分、小组分和二人分显著低于女生,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。PBL组的总分（P〈0.01）、小组分（P〈0.01）和公众分（P〈0.05）显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论 开展PBL教学有利于改善医学生交流恐惧心理。     

Distinguishing Dimensions of Anxiety and Depression

Symptom covariation and lack of symptom specificity have proven to be complicating factors in research on the emotional, cognitive, and physiologic characteristics of anxiety and depression. Numerous attempts have been made to investigate the unique and overlapping features of anxiety and depression. Of interest in the present study were potential distinctions among proposed types of anxiety and depression. A variety of self-report measures were administered to 783 college students. Correlational analyses and confirmatory factor analyses converged in suggesting that anxious arousal (somatic anxiety) and anxious apprehension (worry) represent distinct affective dimensions that can be distinguished from depression and negative affect.     

自信在父母教养方式与大学新生面众恐惧中的中介作用

目的 探讨自信在父母教养方式和大学新生面众恐惧中的中介作用.方法 采用《中国大学生面众恐惧调查量表》(2011修订版)、《简式父母教养方式问卷中文版》(s-EMBU-C)、总体自信问卷大学生版对贵州省1 072名大学新生进行调查.结果 非独生子女的大学新生面众恐惧显著高于独生子女大学新生,成绩水平较差和中等水平大学新生的面众恐惧显著高于成绩较好的大学新生;大学新生的面众恐惧、自信和父母教养方式三者间两两显著相关;自信在父母关怀与面众恐惧之间起着完全中介作用,而自信在父母控制与面众恐惧之间起着部分中介作用.结论 自信在父母教养方式和大学新生面众恐惧之间的中介效应显著.     

Association of temperament with dental anxiety and behaviour of the preschool child during the initial dental visit

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between temperament characteristics of preschool children, dental anxiety, and their dental behaviour. A total of 100 children, aged 3–5 yr, who were attending their initial dental visit accompanied by a parent, were included in this cross‐sectional study. Dental anxiety of children was measured using the Facial Image Scale. The behaviour of children during the initial oral examination and oral prophylaxis was assessed using Frankl's behaviour rating scale. Temperament was assessed using Emotionality, Activity, Shyness Temperament Survey for Children (parental ratings). Statistically significant weak linear positive correlations were seen between the following: the percentage duration of definitely negative behaviour and shyness scores (r_s = 0.28); anxiety level and emotionality scores (r_s = 0.28); and anxiety level and shyness scores (r_s = 0.26). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that children with higher anxiety had higher odds of showing definitely negative behaviour, which decreased with increasing age of the child. Emotionality and shyness temperaments may be weakly associated with dental anxiety, and shyness may be weakly associated with the dental behaviour of the preschool child. Definitely negative dental behaviour is associated with dental anxiety and age of the child.