单丝聚丙烯合成非吸收齿状线在美容整形应用中并发症的防治及应用改进

目的探讨单丝聚丙烯合成非吸收齿状线在美容整形中的并发症产生的原因及应用方法及技术的改进。方法对近两年的单丝聚丙烯合成非吸收齿状线在美容整形中的应用进行总结与分析。结果改进应用方法后，并发症明显减少，效果加强。结论单丝聚丙烯合成非吸收齿状线在美容整形中应用得当，可减少并发症、取得显著效果。     

Influence of a New Monofilament Polyester Mesh on Inflammation and Matrix Remodeling

ABSTRACT

Synthetic mesh is widely used for hernia repairs, but mesh-induced chronic inflammatory responses may lead to postoperative complications. We previously showed an elevated response to multifilament polyester (PE) versus monofilament polypropylene (PP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) meshes, but it is unclear whether this discrepancy is due to the differences in chemical composition or filament structure. This study compares the influence of a newly available monofilament PE mesh to that of multifilament PE, monofilament PP, and monofilament PTFE on the expression of genes important in inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in a rat model. Full thickness abdominal wall defects were corrected with onlay repair or suture repair with no mesh. Explants were harvested 7 or 90 days after repair and divided for histology and mRNA analyses using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction arrays to profile expression at the tissue-mesh interface. Monofilament PE elicited a reduced foreign body reaction compared to multifilament PE, corresponding with reduced mRNA expression of important inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Unexpectedly, monofilament PE also resulted in markedly reduced mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor and MMPs 3 and 9 compared to the widely-used monofilament PP mesh. Findings from this study revealed that both chemical composition and filament structure are important mesh characteristics that may affect a patient's wound healing response and clinical outcome, and should be considered by the surgeon when choosing a particular mesh. Although clinical studies are warranted, results in a rodent model suggest that monofilament PE may be more beneficial than the multifilament form for certain hernia repairs.     

A Novel Diagnostic Test for End-Stage Sensory Failure Associated With Diabetic Foot Ulceration: Proof-of-Principle Study

Background:Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) affects only a subgroup of patients with diabetic neuropathy, that is, those with pain-insensitivity due to end-stage sensory failure. Pain perception failure develops insidiously and remains asymptomatic until first DFU. As loss of pain perception is clinically significant, timely detection is mandatory.Objectives:A novel suprathreshold pinprick pain stimulus of 512 mN force made from optical glass-fiber was explored in a prospective cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study to detect DFU-related end-stage sensory failure.Methods:A total of 116 participants were studied (25 healthy people, 22 patients with diabetes without relevant complications, 19 patients with previous painful foot or leg injuries, and 50 patients with previous or active painless DFU [reference standard]). Palmar and plantar surfaces were stimulated in a standardized fashion. At the feet, the second and third toe skinfolds and the middle of the plantar arch were stimulated. Participants scored stimulated pricking discomfort or pain intensity 0 to 10 on a numerical rating scale.Results:At hands, intensity was rated on average 5 (1-10) [median (range)] by 114/116 participants. Per foot, participants without DFU scored 5 (1-10), while those with DFU scored 0 (0-3) (P < .0001). At plantar toe skinfolds, the absence of pinprick pain perception detected DFU-associated sensory failure with an accuracy of 99.5% (sensitivity 99.5%, specificity 99.4%, positive likelihood ratio 248, and negative likelihood ratio 0.005).Conclusion:In this pilot study, nociceptive stimulation of a plantar toe skinfold with a 512 mN optical glass-fiber pinprick accurately identified DFU-associated end-stage sensory failure.     

Semmes-Weinstein单丝检测下颌骨矢状劈开截骨术后下牙槽神经功能的初步研究

目的:客观评价下颌失状劈开截骨术后下齿槽神经感觉障碍发生及自然恢复的发生率。方法:选择30例双侧下颌升支矢状截骨的患者在术前和术后1周、4周、2个月和6个月进行下齿槽神经感觉障碍的临床评价。30例患者均采用Semmes-Wei nst ei n单丝测试法。结果:术后7天感觉障碍发生率为100%。在所有检测区域,术后6个月的测量结果与术前最接近。6个月时20例患者感觉恢复术前水平。左右侧及性别间感觉障碍恢复优秀率的差异在各个随访时期均无统计学意义(P>O.05)。结论:BSSO术后早期感觉功能障碍较为普遍,然而在术后6个月,大多数患者的神经功能可达到自然恢复。     

糖尿病周围神经病变早期筛查方法的评价

目的 探讨128 Hz音叉和10 g单尼龙丝检查在糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)诊断中的应用价值.方法 选择无脑血管病及腰椎疾病史的2型糖尿病患者157例进行神经电生理检查,同时用128 Hz音叉和(或)10 g单尼龙丝检查进行感觉检查,计算两种检查的敏感度和特异度.结果 128 Hz音叉、10 g单尼龙丝、128 Hz音叉联合10 g单尼龙丝及密歇根糖尿病神经病变积分(MDNS)检查均与神经传导速度(NCV)检查呈正相关(r=0.227、0.230、0.289和0.386,P值均＜0.05).以NCV检查为标准,128 Hz音叉检查的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为72.7%、50.0%和64.7%,10 g单尼龙丝检查分别为29.3%、90.7%和59.3%,128 Hz音叉联合10 g单尼龙丝检查分别为79.8%、91.3%和81.2%,MDNS检查分别为56.6%、83.3%和66.0%.DPN的发生率为64.7%(99/153),51.6%(79/153)的患者存在不同的临床症状,包括麻木73例,针刺感38例,疼痛47例,踩棉花样感31例,足部溃疡3例.结论 128 Hz音叉联合10 g单尼龙丝检查在DPN早期临床筛查中具有很好的应用前景.     

Comparison of different screening tests for detecting diabetic foot neuropathy

INTRODUCTION: Regarding the major role of sensory neuropathy in diabetic foot ulcers, the use of an appropriate screening test for early detection of this neuropathy has a crucial role in the management of diabetic foot disorders. As there were no previous studies that performed all screening tests in the same group of patients, we performed all tests in a single group of diabetic patients and compared them to find out the possible differences between the results. METHODS: A total of 142 diabetic outpatients at Shariati Teaching Hospital were chosen by systematic randomized selection. Different screening tests for detecting neuropathy in diabetic foot such as symptom and sign scores, Michigan Neuropathy Disability Score (MNDS), and testing by a monofilament were performed for each patient. RESULTS: According to the neuropathy symptom score, 54.9% of the patients were neuropathic, their score was higher than 5, and by neuropathy sign score, 10.1% were neuropathic with a score higher than 6. Regarding MNDS, 42.7% of the subjects were neuropathic, with a score higher than 3. Finally, 23.9% were unable to sense at least one point in the monofilament examination. CONCLUSIONS: There were obvious differences between the results of different methods in our study. However, there were significant correlations between them, except between sign and symptom score methods. For determining the most reliable screening test, further studies are needed to compare these methods with a gold standard test and reveal the specificity and sensitivity of these tests.     

Risk Factors and Frequency of Ingrown Nails in Adult Diabetic Patients

The present study evaluated the properties of nails, frequency of ingrown nails in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), risk factors for developing ingrown nails, and effect of diabetic polyneuropathy and vasculopathy on the development and outcome of ingrown nails. Our 6-month epidemiologic prospective study included 300 patients with type 2 DM attending a DM outpatient clinic for routine examinations. The general characteristics and foot changes of the study population were investigated. Diabetic polyneuropathy and vasculopathy were evaluated using a biothesiometer, monofilament tests, and arterial Doppler ultrasonography. The frequency of ingrown nails was 13.6%. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression showed that body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007 to 1.15; p?=?.03), previous trauma (OR 2.828, 95% CI 1.017 to 7,867, p?=?.042), a weak dorsalis pedis pulse (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.17 to 6.30, p?=?.02), trimming type (OR 2.3, 95 CI 1.06 to 4.98), p?=?.35), onychogryphosis (OR 9.036, 95% CI 2.34 to 34.87, p?=?.001), and subungual hyperkeratosis (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.99 to 9.3, p?=?.001) were predictive variables for ingrown nails in our population. The incidence of onychomycosis was significantly greater in patients with ingrown nails (p?=?.032) than in patients without ingrown nails. The nail curvature ratio was greater in the patients with ingrown nails than in the group with normal nails. Arterial Doppler ultrasound examinations showed peripheral arterial disease in 19 patients (46.9%) with ingrown nails. The prevalence of ingrown nails was greater in the patients with DM than in the healthy population. Our results indicate that nail type, nail morphology, and diabetic vasculopathy affect the formation and evolution of ingrown nails.     

Cannabinoids attenuate cancer pain and proliferation in a mouse model

The foot sole is loaded during stance and gait and plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors sense the local stress distribution. It is not clear whether the perception thresholds of these mechanoreceptors change during the day and how they respond to walking activities. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate diurnal changes of plantar sensitivity. Furthermore, the aim was to find out whether daily changes depend on the individual level of step activity. Twenty-six healthy subjects, 17 women and 9 men, aged 28.6 ± 6.7 years participated in the study. Detection thresholds to light touch were measured in six plantar regions with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments in the morning, noon and afternoon. Step activity was recorded with a StepWatch™ Activity Monitor and analyzed for three periods (8 a.m.-4 p.m., 8 a.m.-12 p.m., 12 p.m.-4 p.m.). The hallux, the 3rd metatarsal head and the heel showed significantly decreased detection thresholds from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. (p ≤ 0.05). A fair correlation between the decrease of detection threshold and the total number of steps was found for the 3rd metatarsal head and the heel (p ≤ 0.05). Foot sole sensation appears to improve during the day and seems to be associated with the step activity. This may reflect an improving transfer of afferent information to the central nervous system during the day as well as an adaptation of receptors to gait activity.