后牙复合树脂粘接桥三维有限元建模方案研究与分析

建模和网格划分是粘接桥生物力学分析的难点.本文以基于STL数据的网格实体建模代替传统的曲面实体建模,提高了模型的几何相似性;重建三角面片间的拓扑关系,便于了模型的更改及布尔运算;牙周组织与纤维的正向设计及其合理简化,降低了工作量,减少了网格数量;基于STL数据拆分法的有限元网格划分,提高了单元质量.通过有限元计算取得了与理论推导和临床观察相一致的结果,证明了建模方法的有效性.     

Eupatorium perfoliatum L.: phytochemistry, traditional use and current applications

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Eupatorium perfoliatum L. originates from North America, where it has been widely used since centuries by native Indians. Additionally extracts are used also in Europe as immunostimulating agent for treatment of fever and cold. The following review summarizes published data on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological use, as well as clinical and preclinical data.

Materials and methods

Literature survey was performed via SciFinder^® on papers and patents and by systematic research in ethnopharmacological literature at various university libraries.

Results

The phytochemical composition of Eupatorium perfoliatum is described in detail for volatile oil, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, tannins, polysaccharides. Methods for analytical quality control, as well as specification for relevant lead structures can be deduced from published batch analysis. Preclinical studies indicate anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extracts, which can be correlated on a molecular level to eupafolin and sesquiterpen lactones. Antiplasmodial, antioxidative and immunomodulating activities are additionally discussed. Clinical data on the use of Eupatorium perfoliatum do not meet modern GCP requirements, but do indicate positive tendencies for use of ethanolic extracts for treatment of common colds.

Conclusion

While the postulated immunostimulating properties of Eupatorium perfoliatum have not been confirmed by in vitro data, animal-studies and in vitro experiments with plant extracts both indicate antiinflammatory effects beside antiplasmodial effect against Plasmodium falciparum. Such an antiinflammation caused by the ethanolic extracts can be correlated well with clinical symptoms related to diseases as common cold, rheumatism, athritis etc. These data also support the plausibility of the plant's traditional use by the North American indigenous population and early European settlers. In principle quality aspects of the herbal material have to be affirmed by establishing modern pharmacopoeial control methods to guarantee constant and reliable quality.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of Eupatorium perfoliatum L. extracts, eupafolin, and dimeric guaianolide via iNOS inhibitory activity and modulation of inflammation-related cytokines and chemokines

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Eupatorium perfoliatum L. has been used traditionally for the treatment of fever, malaria and inflammation-associated diseases. Nowadays it is mostly used as immune activating remedy. The following study was performed to evaluate extracts with different polarity and defined lead-compounds from the herbal material on potential in vitro activities concerning immune cell activation, phagocytosis, and inflammation-related processes.

Materials and methods

MeOH-, EtOH-, and DCM extracts, beside several subfractions and isolated polysaccharides, sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids were prepared and characterized analytically from the aerial parts of E. perfoliatum. Immunological activity was tested within lymphocyte transformation test on PBMC, test on enhancement of phagocytosis and of NO-production by murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by NO/iNOS quantification, gene array, real-time PCR and ELISA.

Results

No stimulatory activity was found within lymphocyte transformation test, for phagocytic activity and NO formation in macrophages. MeOH-, EtOH- and DCM extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated macrophages by inhibition of NO release (IC₅₀ > 100, 89, 19 μg/mL resp.) with eupafolin and a dimeric guaianolide having prominent NO inhibiting activity (IC₅₀ 6 resp. 16 μM). Anti-inflammatory activity was found on gene and protein level by significant down-regulation of cytokines CSF-3, IL-1α, IL-1β, and chemokines CCL2, CCL22 and CXCL10. Also TNF was down-regulated moderately (−17%).

Conclusions

Although the postulated immunostimulating properties of E. perfoliatum have not been confirmed, the anti-inflammatory effects can be seen as a verification of the traditional use against inflammatory diseases.     

基于CBCT的种植牙模型定制医用辅助系统

目的:设计开发基于CBCT的牙床结构重建以及种植牙定制的系统,并在重建的牙床结构中观察种植牙模型的参数和治疗效果。方法:开发一个种植牙数字化的软件,并将种植牙模型融合到CBCT牙床结构重建的环境中。根据临床的定制需求和手术规格的需求,设计个性化的种植牙模型。结果:该软件系统可基于DICOM格式数据,实现牙床结构的三维重建与显示,符合STL格式的种植牙数据的定制与三维显示和二维切面投影显示。医生可以对基台高度、颈部高度与角度、体部长度与直径进行手动调整并刷新显示调整后的种植牙三维结构,最后导出符合STL格式的种植牙数据。结论:该系统能在软件中完成对种植体的定制化制作和接口封装,不仅满足了临床的定制需求和手术规格的需求,同时显著提高了诊断和种植计划制定的周期和成本。     

数字化三维牙颌模型中牙齿边界的自动提取

目的在计算机辅助口腔正畸治疗的软件设计中实现对牙齿边界的自动提取。方法首先,对获取的数字化牙颌模型STL文件进行分析,针对后期处理的需要设计出拓扑重建后的数据结构;然后,通过对牙颌模型的三角网格离散曲率的估算获得初步提取的边界;最终,根据牙齿轮廓的特点提出一种修正方法,经修正后完成对牙齿边界的自动提取。结果自动提取出的牙齿边界线已基本符合实际需要。结论对数字化牙颌模型进行自动边界提取是可行的,并能提高牙齿分割的效率和精度。     

The prevalence of STL polyomavirus in stool samples from Chinese children

BackgroundOver the past 7 years, eleven novel human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been identified. The frequent discovery of human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) in the gastrointestinal tract and stool samples suggests a potential involvement in gastroenteritis.ObjectiveIn this study we want to explore the prevalence of STL polyomavirus (STLPyV) in China and delineate the clinical role played by STLPyV.Study designStool samples from 508 hospitalized children with diarrhea and 271 healthy children were screened to detect STLPyV. Human polyomavirus 12(HPyV12), New Jersey polyomavirus (NJPyV-2013) and six common enteric viruses (including rotaviruses, adenovirus, norovirus GI and GII, astrovirus and sapovirus) were also screened in this study.Results348 of the 508 (68.5%) specimens from the hospitalized children with diarrhea contained at least 1 common enteric virus. STLPyV was identified in 11 specimens in the case group (2.2%), among which 4 specimens were negative for those common enteric viruses. STLPyV was not more prevalent among the case group than the control group (2.2% versus 3.0%; p = 0.50, χ² test). In case group, when common enteric viruses’ positive and negative groups were compared, the difference in detection rate of STLPyV was not statistically significant (2.5% versus 2.0%; p = 0.98, χ² test). Two whole genome sequences of STLPyV were obtained.ConclusionsWe are the first to report the prevalence of STLPyV in Chinese children and obtained whole genome sequences of STLPyV strains isolated in China. Our results of phylogenetic analysis support the hypothesis that STLPyV is geographically widespread.