Dilution effects on the quality of untreated wastewater used for irrigation along the USA-Mexico border

The Juarez Valley, located along the USA-Mexico border, currently relies on untreated municipal and industrial wastewater from nearby Ciudad Juarez (est. pop. 1.6 million) which has been diluted with water diverted from the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande), and groundwater from underlying aquifers, to irrigate 18000 hectares of crops. The results indicate that dilution does very little to reduce the risks associated with the use of untreated wastewater for irrigation as faecal coliforms levels remained high (> 10 7 cfu/100 ml). Concentrations of heavy metals were low in the raw wastewater and in the mixed waters. However, the practice of diluting raw wastewater seriously degrades significant volumes of high quality waters from the Rio Bravo and from the underlying aquifer, and thus is not an optimal use of the limited high-quality water available to this semi-arid region.     

可重复使用硬吸引瓶在临床中的应用

可重复使用硬吸引瓶是一种新型、实用性强、安全性能好的引流瓶,全封闭性,在直视条件下观察引流液的量及颜色不需每日更换,只要内袋满了以后更换内袋。患者出院即可更换硬吸引瓶,使用后须按照医院制度进行清洗、消毒。含有大量致病菌及毒素的痰液、引流液全部收集在液体收集袋内,减少对环境的污染,创造了一个清洁卫生的工作环境,保护了医护人员的身心健康,有利于控制院内感染,符合控制医院感染的要求,也符合国家的环保产业政策。     

城市污水深度处理及回用技术的研究

研究了城市污水深度处理及回收利用,根据各行业的水质要求,设计一套综合的工艺流程,通过改变流程中的某些参数,进行对比试验.通过试验总结出可行方案,针对不同水质采用不同处理工艺,达到回用标准,解决水资源污染和短缺问题.     

透析器自动复用机对透析溶质清除效果及透析器复用次数的影响

目的:探讨透析器自动复用机对透析溶质的清除效果及合适的透析器复用次数.方法:收治40例慢性肾衰竭行血液透析患者,利用联机清除率监测器(OCM)测定患者在透析器使用第1次及复用第3,6,9次时Kt/V值变化及透析器血室容积(TCV)的数值.结果:与第1次使用时比较,透析器在复用第9约90%的TCV下降≥20%(P<0.05).结论:透析器复用至第9次时,TCV下降≥20%,故透析器复用不应用超过9次.     

Reuse of carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with relapsed endometrial cancer--the British Columbia Cancer Agency experience

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of reusing carboplatin and taxol in women with relapsed endometrial cancer.MethodsRetrospective analysis of our database of newly diagnosed high-risk patients with endometrial cancer treated with carboplatin–paclitaxel at diagnosis, with subsequent relapse for the period of 1995–2007.Results111 patients of 200 relapsed. They had either endometroid or papillary serous histologies. Strategies utilized upon first relapse were: no treatment (n = 33), surgery (n = 4), hormones (n = 8), irradiation (n = 14) and chemotherapy (n = 52). Carboplatin and paclitaxel was reused in 31 (60% of 52 retreated with chemotherapy or 29% of the total cohort of 111). There was no statistically significant difference in stage at diagnosis or grade at diagnosis between those retreated with chemotherapy or not or with carboplatin–paclitaxel versus another regimen. The patients retreated were a selected subgroup as only those with initial response or treated adjuvantly were offered carboplatin–paclitaxel. CR or PR were achieved in 8 (42%) patients with endometroid type cancer. In the papillary serous group 6 (50%) had CR or PR. Median PFS from first relapse was 8 months for endometroid and 9 months for papillary serous histology. OS was 15 months and 26 months respectively from first relapse.ConclusionCarboplatin–taxol regimen is an efficacious treatment. Due to the patient selection these outcomes reported are likely to be an overstatement of what could be achieved in practice.     

Abstract

The reuse of subjects in clinical studies to answer specific research questions is a common practice. This reuse can take many forms and is at least partly related to study efficiency. It is much easier to reuse known subjects who know the system(s) or are easy to find than to recruit new ones. A hypothetical question is: Are there instances when such practices may not be scientifically valid? This question will be addressed from the perspective of the case‐control and experimental study design.     

铁路含油废水回用绿化对土壤和植物的影响研究

目的：探讨铁路含油废水达标后回用于绿化，水中残留污染物在长期使用中是否在土壤和植物中富集，对土壤和植物有何影响，是否会造成污染。方法：按照国家的标准分析方法，对铁路含油废水回用于绿化对土壤和植物的影响进行了2年的研究。结果：对所监测的数据进行了统计学处理，精密度、准确度完全符合国家分析标准。结论：使用达到《铁路回用水水质标准》后的含油废水回用于绿化，对土壤和植物没有不良影响，不会造成污染。     

Efficacy and safety of reuse of disposable laparoscopic instruments in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized study

Background The aim of this prospective randomized study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the reuse of disposable laparoscopic instruments (DLI) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods A total of 125 consecutive patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy with single-use DLI (group 1, n = 62) or DLI that were reused (group 2, n = 63) after high-level disinfection by alkalinized 2% glutaraldehyde. Operative and postoperative outcomes were investigated.Results There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in mean operating time, linear analogue pain scale score, duration and amount of analgesic administration, or hospital stay. Total incidence of complications (3.2% vs 4.8%, p = 0.50) and infection rates (1.6% vs 3.2%, p = 0.57) were also similar when group 1 was compared to group 2.Conclusion This study showed that reusing DLI did not change the operative and postoperative outcomes or the infection rate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy when strict rules for disinfection were followed.     

伦拿创全自动复用机故障维修

通过对我院伦拿创全自动透析器复用机的多年使用,结合我们日常工作中的实际情况,详细介绍伦拿创复用机的故障维修及保养经验。以供同行参考。     

复用对高通透性透析安全性的影响及其机制--体内及体外研究

目的 通过体内及体外试验研究复用对高通透性透析安全性的影响及其机制。方法 体内试验：20例慢性肾功能衰竭患者随机分为普通和高通透性透析组，经透析器初用及复用后，记录透析中出现的急性并发症，测定透析前、后血浆中白介素(IL)-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、IL-6水平，同时测定透析后血浆内毒素水平。体外试验：选择初用和复用后不同透析器建立体外循环闭合环路以模拟血液透析过程，分别在透析液室加入嗜麦芽假单胞菌细菌滤液前、后从血液室采集样本，采用人全血孵育法孵育样本检测上清液中IL-1受体拮抗剂(IL—1ra)浓度。结果 高通透性透析复用组低血压、寒战发生率较普通透析复用组明显升高(P＜0．05)，高通透性透析复用组透析后血浆IL-6水平较透析前显著升高(P＜0．05)，两组透析后血浆内毒素水平的差异无显著性。高通透性透析膜F60聚砜膜与低通透性透析膜铜仿膜及F6聚砜膜相比，初用时在透析液室加入细菌滤液并循环1h后，三者血液室样本诱导人全血产生的IL-1ra浓度均较加入细菌滤液前明显升高，但三者间的差异无显著性；复用时F60聚砜膜与初用时比较，该指标的升高显著高于铜仿膜及F6聚砜膜。结论 高通透性透析在初用时是安全的，但在复用时其急性并发症发生率明显升高。其机制与复用损伤高通透性透析膜，使其在发生反超滤时引起内毒素等细胞因子诱导物质转运入血有关。