成人牙周病错牙合畸形的正畸治疗

对 2 3例成人牙周病继发牙颌畸形的患者 ,在牙周基础治疗控制牙周炎症的基础上 ,应用Edgewise固定矫治器矫治或活动 -固定矫治器联合矫治 .矫治前后效果明显 ,牙排列整齐 ,咬合关系良好 ,牙周状况明显改善 ,不但改善了功能和美观 ,还保留了患牙牙齿 .通过典型病例介绍 ,讨论了成人牙周病继发牙颌畸形的正畸治疗时机、牙周维护、矫治特点等 ,进一步说明了正畸治疗是牙周病综合治疗的一个重要部分 .     

片段弓技术矫治Angle Ⅱ~1类深覆合X线头影测量的研究

为研究采用片段弓技术,评价ＡｎｇｌｅⅡ１类深覆牙合矫治后对上颌牙、骨骼及面部软组织的影响,选择ＡｎｇｌｅⅡ１类高角深覆牙合病例２０例,治疗前１２～１４岁,对４个上切牙施加５０ｇ压低力,用腭杆及短口外弓加强支抗,每例患者于初诊时（Ｔ１）、初诊后半年戴矫治器时（Ｔ２）、上前牙压低前（Ｔ３）及压低半年后（Ｔ４）摄取侧位片。选择１７项参数,（Ｔ４－Ｔ３）－（Ｔ２－Ｔ１）表示参数半年机械矫治量。结果表明：单纯机械矫治半年后,上颌第一磨牙无前移,上颌中切牙水平后移量及垂直压低量分别为３．７、３．５ｍｍ,上齿槽座点水平后移及压低量分别为０．７、０．４ｍｍ,上下唇珠点平均后移分别为２．３、３．３ｍｍ。结论：（１）片段弓技术在整体压低上前牙的同时可有效控制后牙的支抗;（２）上中切牙后移量与上唇珠后移量约呈２：１的关系;（３）上齿槽座点骨改形不明显。     

正畸儿童牙龈炎的口腔综合防治

目的：观察口腔综合防治措施对正畸儿童牙龈炎的作用。方法：本实验以56名12--16岁的正畸患者为观察对象，分别将28名矫治前和28名矫治半年的儿童分为实验组和对照组各14名，观察实验1年后牙周健康指数软垢指数(DI—S)、牙石指数(CI—S)和菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)的状况。实验组采用口腔综合防治措施。结果：实验组儿童口腔内DI—S、CI—S、PLI、GI指数明显降低，与对照组相比有显著性差异。结论：对正畸儿童在矫治期间进行牙龈炎防治是非常必要的，而口腔综合保健是一种正畸患者牙龈炎的良好预防治疗方法。     

大鼠实验性牙齿移动过程中骨形成蛋白2的表达和意义

目的探讨骨形成蛋白(BMP)超家族的成员BMP-2在大鼠正畸牙齿移动过程中牙周组织的分布和表达。方法用链霉亲和素生物素复合物(SABC)免疫组织化学法,检测实验性大鼠正畸牙齿移动过程中牙周组织BMP-2的表达。结果BMP-2在正畸牙齿加力各个时期存在特异的分布模式。正常牙周组织中主要分布于牙周膜,加力后张力区染色深,压力区为阴性。结论BMP-2参与了大鼠正畸牙齿移动骨改建过程,起非常重要的作用。     

Psychosocial aspects of dental and general fears in dental phobic patients

Phobic reactions can often be a significant health problem for fearful dental patients. This is true in particular for individuals with long-time avoidance and elevated general psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of dental fear among 67 dental phobic individuals with a low versus high degree of general fear. Reported etiologic background factors, avoidance time, general psychological distress and psychosocial manifestations and consequences of dental phobia were studied. No significant difference in dental anxiety level between individuals with low versus high general fear was found, and both groups reported high frequencies of negative dental experiences. The low-fear group reported a longer (though not statistically significant) average avoidance time than the high-fear group. However, patients with a high level of general fear showed a significantly higher degree of psychological distress, and also reported stronger negative social consequences from their dental anxiety. These results indicate that the character of dental fear might be different between different groups of fearful patients, which makes the condition psychologically handicapping. Such aspects should be assessed in the diagnostic analysis of patients with severe dental anxiety. In particular, assessments of signs of general psychological distress are warranted.     

Experimental study of brackets adhesion with a novel enamel-protective material compared with conventional etching

IntroductionA reliable adhesion between fixed devices and dental surfaces is a key factor for the clinical success of any orthodontic treatment. Adhesion preparation is associated with damages related to abrasive cleaning, enamel structure defacing caused by etching, enamel loss when removing resin remnants at orthodontic treatment finishing stage or when conditioning surface for adhesive failure and fractures at bracket removal.AimThe objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets to enamel adhered with a novel non-damaging and remineralizing material for enamel versus the traditional 37% phosphoric acid etching.Material and methods75 Premolars collected from 15- to 40-years old healthy donors requiring extraction were collected. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 25). One group was used for the experimental new method (EX), the second for the conventional phosphoric acid etching (PA) method and the third group was left without any treatment (NT). The metallic brackets were fixed with Transbond® XT adhesive and composite resin polymerized for 40 s with a halogen photocuring lamp. The shear bond strength was quantified by means of a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed and a load cell of 1 kN.Statistical analysis usedTests of normality, adjustment of the data to a root square, a one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed.ResultsStatistically significant differences between the NT (1.4 MPa), PA (32.1 MPa) and EX (9.7 MPa) groups were observed.ConclusionsThe experimental material for conditioning human enamel induces calcium phosphates crystals on the enamel surface and improves the bond strength in comparison to the NT group.     

Electrochemistry of calcium precipitating bacteria in orthodontic wire

BackgroundCalculus composed of inorganic and organic components with bacteria formed on teeth gets deposited on orthodontic wires. The reason for calculus formation and impact of calcium precipitating bacteria (CPB) on orthodontic wire were studied. A pilot study on electrochemical characterization of CPB on orthodontic wires was done.MethodsCPB were isolated from orthodontic patients and identified by molecular techniques. The electrochemical behavior of two isolates (CPB-1 and CPB-3) on orthodontic wires was studied by employing polarization and impedance techniques. The CPB morphology by scanning electron microscopy and chemical characterization of CPB and tooth pulp stone were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).ResultsThe two isolates Bacillus megaterium (CPB-1) and Paenibacillus sp. (CPB-3) identified with 16S rRNA sequencing method increased pH of B4 medium from 5.32 to 8.3. The carboxylic acid and phosphate groups identified in FTIR analysis acted as nucleation sites for calcium deposition. The biogenic crystal phases identified in teeth pulp stone by XRD were similar to bacterial isolates cultured in the laboratory. The electrochemical studies with two CPB species revealed that biogenic calcium phosphate species act as cathodic inhibitors on orthodontic wire.ConclusionThe present study concluded that teeth pulp stone formation is due to CPB and high pH determines the mineralization process. Diffusion process and dispersive capacitive behavior indicate that the chloride ions may penetrate through calcium deposits and initiate pitting corrosion on orthodontic wire which may enhance the leaching of toxic elements in saliva.     

Integrity testing of a smooth surface resin sealant around orthodontic brackets using a new Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT)

Objective:To investigate the integrity of a fluorescing resin-based sealant placed around orthodontic brackets using the Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT).Materials and Methods:Standard brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of 17 extracted sound permanent premolar crowns sealed with ProSeal^®. Specimens were thermocycled (20,000 cycles, 5–55°C), and toothbrushing was simulated using an electric toothbrush and artificial aqueous toothpaste slurry. Changes in the sealed area were measured after one, two, three, and four alternating thermocycling-brushing cycles simulating 2 years of wear. Digital images were captured applying FIT (405 nm) using a digital camera–equipped stereomicroscope. ImageJ was used to measure sealant integrity and loss.Results:There was a time-dependent decrease in sealed areas by between 21% and 100% (mean 54%). The sealant lost its integrity immediately after the first cycle, and unfilled areas were observed in all samples.Conclusions:The analyzed sealant lost its integrity over time. Using the proposed FIT, sealed surfaces were easily verified and quantified.     

热塑成形口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征疗效观察

目的　评价热塑成形口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)的效果。方法　 4 5例经多导睡眠图 (PSG)确诊、并符合治疗条件的OSAHS患者 ,用由加热变性的高分子塑料注塑成形的口腔矫治器治疗 ,对比治疗 4周前、后PSG结果 ,并询问主观症状变化。结果　矫治器治疗的客观有效率为 82 % ,睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI)由 (38± 2 2 )次 /h降至 (11± 9)次 /h ,平均暂停时间由 (2 2± 8)s降至 (15± 11)s,最低血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )由 (72± 11) %提高到 (83± 9) % ,鼾声指数由 (30 4± 10 5 )次 /h降至 (10 8± 113)次 /h ,统计学上差异有非常显著性意义 (P值均 <0 0 0 1)。白天困倦缓解。初用时上下颌肌肉有酸痛感 ,多数患者在 3～ 7d后适应。结论　热塑成形口腔矫治器可以作为内科的一个治疗手段 ,效果肯定 ,而且制作简便 ,患者痛苦小。