Curing potential and color stability of different resin-based luting materials

PurposeTo determine the curing potential and color stability of resin-based luting materials for aesthetic restorations.Material and MethodsFour resin-based luting agents were tested: traditional dual-activated resin cement (RelyX ARC, ARC), amine-free dual-activated resin cement (RelyX Ultimate, ULT), light-activated resin cement (RelyX Veneer, VEN), and pre-heated restorative resin composite (Filtek Supreme, PHC). Degree of C = C conversion was determined by infrared spectroscopy (n = 3) with direct light exposure or with interposition of 1.5-mm-thick ceramic (e.max Press HT) between the luting material and light. The curing potential considered the ratio between these two scenarios. Color difference (n = 6) was determined by CIELAB (ΔE_ab) and CIEDE2000 (ΔE₀₀) methods, by spectrophotometer measurements made 24 h after photoactivation and 90 days after storage in water. Data was submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe luting agents affected both conversion and color stability. With ceramic, ARC produced the highest conversion among the tested groups (75 ± 1%) and the pre-heated composite (PHC) the lowest one (51 ± 3%), but the curing potential was similar for all materials. ULT produced lower ΔE_ab than ARC. PHC presented the lowest color difference when considered both CIELAB and CIE2000 methods (ΔE_ab 2.1 ± 0.4; ΔE₀₀ 1.6 ± 0.2).SignificanceAll luting strategies presented high curing potential. Amine-free dual-activated material was able to reduce color difference than that formulated with the amine component. Pre-heated composite produced the least color variation after storage.     

Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strengths of Different Core Materials with Various Luting Agents Used for Cast Crown Restorations

The coronal cast restoration continues to be used commonly to restore mutilated, endodontically treated teeth. The tensile bond strength of luting cements is of critical importance as many of failures are at the core and the crown interface. An invitro study with aim to evaluate and compare bond strengths of luting cements between different core materials and cast crowns. A total of 45 extracted identical mandibular second premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 3 groups of 15 each. Specimens in first group were restored with cast post and core (Group C), and specimens in second group were restored with stainless steel parapost and composite core material (Group B) and specimens in third group were restored with stainless steel parapost and glass ionomer core build (Group G). Standardized crown preparation was done for all the specimens to receive cast crowns. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups and were cemented using 3 different luting cements namely, resin cement, polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement (Type I). The samples of each subgroup (n = 5) were subjected to tensile testing using Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min till the dislodgement of crown from the core surface was observed. The bond strengths were significantly different according one way ANOVA (F-150.76 and p < 0.0000). The results of the study showed that the specimens cemented with resin cement in cast core, composite core and glass ionomer core exhibited significantly higher bond strengths as compared to specimens cemented with glass ionomer and polycarboxylate cement. Composite resin core and resin cement combinations were superior to all other cement and core combinations tested.     

两种粘结剂对Cerec3D全瓷冠抗折强度的实验研究

目的:探讨Cerec 3D全瓷冠粘结后冠抗折强度。方法:选择无龋坏上颌前磨牙40颗分为1、2、3、4组,完成Cerec全瓷冠,分别用Variolink N+硅烷偶联剂,Variolink N,Bisco Choice2TM+硅烷偶联剂,Bisco Choice2TM粘结。4°C 0.9%氯化钠液中保存24 h后,用万能力学试验机测试其冠最大抗折强度,记录数据;在体式显微镜下观察粘结破坏形式。采用SPSS 17.0软件包比较冠抗折强度和粘结破坏形式。结果:Variolink N+硅烷偶联剂组冠抗折强度最高。结论:双重固化树脂粘结系统是牙科长石质陶瓷粘结的理想选择,可获得较高抗折强度。硅烷偶联剂可增强全瓷冠抗折强度。     

Push-out bond strength and SEM evaluation of a new bonding approach into the root canal

Objective

This study evaluated the performance of different adhesive systems in fiber post placement aiming to clarify the influence of different hydrophobic experimental blend adhesives, and of one commercially available adhesive on the frictional retention during a luting procedure.

Material and Methods

One luting agent (70 Wt% BisGMA, 28.5% TEGDMA; 1.5% p-tolyldiethanolamine) to cement fiber posts into root canals was applied with 4 different adhesive combinations: Group 1: The etched roots were rinsed with water for 30 s to remove the phosphoric acid, then rinsed with 99.6% ethanol for 30 s, and blotdried. A trial adhesive (base to catalyst on a 1:1 ratio) was used with an experimental luting agent (35% Bis-GMA, 14.37% TeGDMA, 0.5% eDMAB, 0.13% CQ); Group 2: A trial adhesive (base to catalyst on a 1:2 ratio) was luted as in Group 1; Group 3: One-Step Plus (OSP, Bisco Inc.) following the ethanol bonding technique in combination with the luting agent as in Group 1; Group 4: OSP strictly following the manufacturer''s instructions using the luting agent as in Group 1. The groups were challenged with push-out tests. Posted root slices were loaded until post segment extrusion in the apical-coronal direction. Failure modes were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Push-out strength was not significantly influenced by the luting agent (p>0.05). No statistically significant differences among the tested groups were found as Group 1 (exp 1 - ethanol-wet bonding technique)=Group 2 (exp 2 - ethanol-wet bonding technique)=Group 3 (OSP - ethanol-wet bonding technique)=Group 4 (control, OSP - water-wet bonding technique) (p>0.05). The dominating failure modes in all the groups were cohesive/adhesive failures, which were predominantly observed on the post/luting agent interface.

Conclusions

The results of this study support the hypothesis that the proposal to replace water with ethanol to bond fiber posts to the root canal using highly hydrophobic resin is plausible, but this seems to be more the proof of a concept than a clinically applicable procedure.     

喷砂对不同粘接剂与氧化锆粘接强度的影响

目的研究喷砂对不同粘接剂与氧化锆粘接强度的影响,筛选出比较理想的粘接剂。方法将由ZrO2制成的大瓷片（140个）和小瓷片（140个）随机配对分成14组。对ZrO2的表面分别不作处理和喷砂处理,选用临床常用的7种粘接剂,将较小瓷片粘接在较大瓷片上。置于37℃蒸馏水里保存24h后,进行剪切粘接强度测试,并进行统计学分析。结果喷砂组的粘接强度明显高于非喷砂组（P〈0.01）。PanaviaF、Super-BondC＆B与ZrO2的粘接强度明显高于BifixQM与ZrO2的粘接强度（P〈0.01）。结论喷砂能明显提高粘接剂与ZrO2的粘接强度,Panavia F、Super-Bond C＆B是比较理想的粘接剂。     

种植修复牙合面开孔冠粘接剂用量的研究

目的 用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法 研究种植修复中牙冠牙合面开1 mm指示孔的情况下,粘接剂用量对牙冠内部的粘接剂充盈情况及颈部溢出量的影响.方法 利用SolidWorks及ANSYS软件建立冠、基台模型,并利用多相流模型对牙冠就位过程中粘接剂的流动进行瞬态模拟...     

Influence of light-cured luting agents and associated factors on the color of ceramic laminate veneers: A systematic review of in vitro studies

Objective

The luting agent plays a significant role in the appearance of ceramic laminate veneers (CLV), allowing improved/stable shade matching with adjacent teeth. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the influence of light-cured luting agents and color-associated factors aiming to draw guidelines for stable shade matching of CLV. The paper has also given an overview of the compositional characteristics of all luting agents and ceramic systems whose performance was presented herein.

两种粘接剂对氧化锆全瓷冠粘接效果的比较

目的 比较树脂加强型玻璃离子和自粘接树脂型水门汀粘接剂对氧化锆全瓷冠的临床粘接效果.方法 选取66例患者100颗需要进行氧化锆全瓷冠修复的患牙,随机分为两组(n=50),分别采用3M RelyXTMLuting树脂加强型玻璃离子粘固剂(RelyX L组)和3M RelyXTM U200通用自粘接树脂水门汀(RelyX U组)粘接.两年后复查,检查修复体的固位情况及边缘密合性,比较两组修复的成功率.结果 RelyX L组修复成功率98.0％;RelyX U组修复成功率100.0％,两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 在进行氧化锆全瓷冠修复时,采用树脂加强型玻璃离子和自粘接树脂型水门汀粘接剂均能取得良好的临床粘接效果.     

Compressive strength recovery by composite onlays in primary teeth. Substrate treatment and luting agent effects

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate 1% NaOCl treatment and two resin luting agent effects on compressive strength recovery in composite onlays on primary teeth and to analyze the fractures type. METHODS: Forty sound primary molars crowns were prepared in the standard machine and randomly divided into four groups (n=10): G1 (1% NaOCl/ 30 min+EnForce); G2 (without 1% NaOCl EnForce); G3 (1% NaOCl/ 30 min+Rely X); G4 (without 1% NaOCl+Rely X). The onlays were made using Z250 composite on plaster models. Ten sound teeth were used as control group (CG). All groups were submitted to compression mechanic test in a universal test machine INSTRON at 1mm/min cross-head speed. After that, the data (kgf) were submitted to ANOVA test (alpha=0.05). Finally, the fracture types were classified in a crescent scale (1-5) related with severity degree and submitted to Fisher's Exact Test (p<0.05). Scanning electronic microscope analysis was done in order to illustrate the fractures sites. RESULTS: The values of compressive strength of experimental groups did not differ each others neither from control group (p>0.05). The results from fracture type showed that types 5 and 4 fractures (most severe) present the highest percentage to experimental groups. Conversely, the CG showed higher percentage of fracture types 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: This research found that the composite onlays recovered the compressive strength compared to sound teeth, regardless of the substrate treatment and cement agent used. Nevertheless, no group showed similar type of fractures to CG, which had more frequency of less severe fracture types.     

Effect acidic and alkaline/heat treatments on the bond strength of different luting cements to commercially pure titanium

Objective

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of either acidic or combined alkaline/heat treatments on the surface of grit-blasted commercially pure (cp) titanium. The effects of the previous treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of cp titanium to conventional glass ionomer, resin-reinforced glass ionomer and self-adhesive resin luting cements were evaluated.

Methods

Titanium discs were machined and received one of the following treatments; grit-blasting (GB), grit-blasting followed either by etching in HNO₃/HF solution (GB/Ac) or by combined 5 M NaOH treatment/heat treatment at 600 °C for 1 h, then immersed for 24 h in SBF solution before cementation (GB/Ak). The treated surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser-induced brake-down spectroscopy (LIBS). Discs were cemented either by Fuji I, Fuji Plus or Rely X™ Unicem luting cements. The SBS was evaluated and the debonded discs were investigated by SEM.

Results

Two prominent results were revealed; first, GB/Ak treatment showed the highest SBS than the other treatments (P < 0.0001). Second, Rely X™ Unicem showed the highest SBS than the other cements (P < 0.0001). Fuji I and Fuji Plus showed predominant cohesive type of failure, whereas Rely X™ showed predominant adhesive type of failure.

Significance

Combined alkaline/heat treatments of commercially pure titanium surface shows to be of beneficial effect in enhancing SBS to glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer and adhesive resin luting cements.