Evaluation of HPV-16 and HPV-18 specific antibody measurements in saliva collected in oral rinses and merocel® sponges

BackgroundCurrent Human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 VLP vaccines protect against HPV-16 and HPV-18-associated cancers, in females and males. Although correlates of protection have not been identified, HPV-specific antibodies at sites of infection are thought to be the main mechanism of protection afforded by vaccination. Oral sampling has gained increased attention as a potential alternative to serum in monitoring immunity to vaccination and understanding local immunity in oral cancers.MethodsSerum was collected via venipuncture, and saliva was collected via oral rinses and Merocel® sponges from healthy volunteers: 16 unvaccinated females, 6 females (ages 24–41) and 6 mid-adult aged males (ages 27–45) recipients of three doses of the HPV-16/18/6/11 vaccine (Gardasil®). Mid-adult male vaccine trial participants were compared to female participants. Samples were tested for anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 immunoglobulin G levels by an L1 virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsAll vaccinated participants had detectable serum anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 antibodies. Optimal standard concentration range and sample serial dilutions for oral rinses were determined. The standard curve was not affected by the type of solution examined. Reproducibility of HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibody titers in mouthwash (overall CV < 10%) or in Merocel® extraction buffer was robust (CV < 13%). Excellent assay linearity (R² > 0.9) was observed for sera spiked controls in both solutions. HPV-16 and HPV-18 specific antibodies were detectable in saliva from vaccine recipients, both in mouthwash and in Merocel® sponges but levels were several logs lower than those in serum.ConclusionsThis study confirms the application of HPV-16 and HPV-18 ELISAs currently used in sero-epidemiological studies of immunogenicity of HPV vaccines for use with oral samples. Oral samples may be a useful resource for the detection of HPV-16 and HPV-18-specific antibodies in saliva following vaccination.     

96例牙龈出血的治疗情况分析

目的探讨96例牙龈出血的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析收治的96例牙龈出血患者,依据牙龈出血原因,分别采取局部压迫出血、含漱法治疗及缝扎止血法等方法治疗。结果局部压迫出血56例,含漱法治疗20例,缝扎法20例;显效76例(79.2%)、有效20例(20.8%),总有效率100%,无其他并发症发生。结论针对牙龈出血原因进行合理的分析和总结,选择合适的治疗方法,注意全身性疾病的针对性治疗,对于有效快速的治疗牙龈出血,避免贻误治疗时机具有重要的临床意义。     

四联混合液在鼻咽癌放射性口腔黏膜溃疡的临床应用

目的：探讨四联混合液口腔护理鼻咽癌患者放疗口腔黏膜反应的疗效。方法：本课题选用60例均采用直线加速器放疗的鼻咽癌产生口腔黏膜反应患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,对照组在放疗期间给予常规口腔护理,每日放疗前后及进食后采用0.9%氯化钠溶液配合庆大霉素含漱,必要时遵医嘱给予对症处理;治疗组除常规口腔护理外,从放疗第1天开始采用四联混合液含漱,进行疗效对照和评价。结果：经观察两组护理后的疗效,放疗结束后按RGOT急性放射性口咽黏膜损伤分级及疼痛的VAS评分方法进行临床评价,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：四联混合液能有效减轻鼻咽癌放疗患者的口腔黏膜反应,减轻患者痛苦,使放射治疗顺利进行。     

Determination of fluorides in pharmaceutical products for oral hygiene

Fluorides are common ingredients in pharmaceutical products for oral hygiene due to their recognized effect in the prevention of tooth decay. In dental products, fluorides can be added in several different forms, such as sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, tin fluoride, or in the form of different amines. This work describes potentiometric determination of fluorides in the samples of toothpastes and mouthwash. The method was optimized for the particular analytical purpose; namely, for the analysis of toothpastes and mouthwash by applying different sample preparation protocols depending on the fluoride source. Good recovery (93–103%) confirmed the correctness of the sample preparation procedures. Calculated limit of detection and limit of quantification for the optimized method were 1 × 10^?3 mg/L and 2.8 × 10^?3 mg/L fluoride, respectively. In the minority of the analyzed samples, calculated contents agreed well with the certified values, whereas the samples of mouthwash demonstrated better agreement.     

不同含漱液控制菌斑和消除牙龈炎症效果的比较

目的：研究护齿含漱剂、口泰含漱液、万宝林牙齿、口腔清洁液在控制菌斑和牙龈炎的作用．方法：选择２０３例牙龈炎患者，随机分为护齿含漱剂组、口泰含漱液组、万宝林牙齿、口腔清洁液组、多贝尔氏液组和蒸馏水组，用药前后检查牙龈指数（ＧＩ）、牙龈出血指数（ＳＢＩ）、菌斑指数（ＰＬＩ）．结果：用药后护齿含漱剂、口泰含漱液、万宝林牙齿、口腔清洁液组的ＧＩ、ＳＢＩ、ＰＬＥ均比用药前有明显降低（ｐ＜０．０１），且优于多贝尔氏液和蒸馏水组．结论：护齿含漱剂、口泰含漱液、万宝林牙齿、口腔清洁液能有效控制菌斑及牙龈炎     

HPV-specific antibodies at the oral cavity up to 30 months after the start of vaccination with the quadrivalent HPV vaccine among mid-adult aged men

BackgroundHPV-16 and HPV-18 cause most oropharyngeal cancers, which are increasing in incidence among males. Although HPV vaccines are highly effective against a number of HPV-associated cancers, efficacy for oropharyngeal cancers has not yet been demonstrated. In addition, the level of antibodies required for protection against oral HPV infection is unknown.Methods150 men ages 27–45 years from Tampa, FL, USA, and Cuernavaca, Mexico, received Gardasil at Day 1, Months 2, and 6. Then, sera and oral gargles were collected one month, 12 months, and 24 months after completion of the three doses (Month 7, 18 and 30 of the study) and tested for anti-HPV-16 and HPV-18 IgG antibody levels by a L1 VLP ELISA.ResultsAll participants developed detectable serum anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 antibodies and most had detectable antibodies in oral gargles at Month 7 (HPV-16: 93.2%; HPV-18: 72.1%). By months 18 and 30, oral antibodies were detectable in a lower number of participants (HPV-16, 39.8% and 29.6%; HPV-18, 10.7% and 4.6% of individuals, respectively). Overall, oral HPV-16- and 18-specific antibody levels, normalized to total IgG at months 7, 18, and 30, correlated with serum levels (HPV-16, R² = 0.93; HPV-18, R² = 0.91).ConclusionsReduced detectability of oral and serum HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibodies was observed at months 18 and 30 after initiation of the quadrivalent vaccination. However, when detectable, serum and oral HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibody levels were strongly correlated.     

In vitro permeation studies of triamcinolone acetonide mouthwashes

The effects of vehicle composition, contact time of mouthwash and cosolvent on permeation of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) were investigated in vitro using hamster cheek pouch mucosa and synthetic membranes. Mouthwashes containing 0.1% TA with and without the mucoadhesive carboxyvinyl polymer were formulated. Aqueous suspensions and Orabase were used as control formulations. The contact time of mouthwash was varied from 1 to 5 min. Ethanol was used as a cosolvent in various binary-water mixtures. TA was delivered to a significantly lesser extent to mucosal tissue by the mouthwash than by the aqueous suspension (P<0.001), but to a higher extent than by the Orabase formulation (P<0.001). No effects of contact time or the mucoadhesive polymer were observed on amount of TA accumulated in the mucosal membrane. These observations have suggested that the use of carboxyvinyl polymer and a high content of ethanol are not appropriate as vehicles for local drug delivery but are suitable for transmucosal drug carriers.     

Use of an antiviral mouthwash as a barrier measure in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in adults with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19: a multicentre,randomized, double-blind controlled trial

ObjectivesTo determine if commercially available mouthwash with β-cyclodextrin and citrox (bioflavonoids) (CDCM) could decrease the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) salivary viral load.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR-positive patients aged 18–85 years with asymptomatic to mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms for <8 days were recruited. A total of 176 eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to CDCM or placebo. Three rinses daily were performed for 7 days. Saliva sampling was performed on day 1 at 09.00 (T1), 13.00 (T2) and 18.00 (T3). On the following 6 days, one sample was taken at 15.00. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThe intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that, over the course of 1 day, CDCM was significantly more effective than placebo 4 hours after the first dose (p 0.036), with a median percentage (log₁₀ copies/mL) decrease T1–T2 of –12.58% (IQR –29.55% to –0.16%). The second dose maintained the low median value for the CDCM (3.08 log₁₀ copies/mL; IQR 0–4.19), compared with placebo (3.31 log₁₀ copies/mL; IQR 1.18–4.75). At day 7, there was still a greater median percentage (log₁₀ copies/mL) decrease in salivary viral load over time in the CDCM group (–58.62%; IQR –100% to –34.36%) compared with the placebo group (–50.62%; IQR –100% to –27.66%). These results were confirmed by the per-protocol analysis.ConclusionsThis trial supports the relevance of using CDCM on day 1 (4 hours after the initial dose) to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva. For long-term effect (7 days), CDMC appears to provide a modest benefit compared with placebo in reducing viral load in saliva.