The missing link between action and cognition

The study of the neural correlates of motor behaviour at the systems level has received increasing consideration in recent years. One emerging observation from this research is that neural regions typically associated with cognitive operations may also be recruited during the performance of motor tasks. This apparent convergence between action and cognition - domains that have most often been studied in isolation - becomes especially apparent when examining new complex motor skills such as those involving sequencing or coordination, and when taking into account external (environment-related) factors such as feedback availability and internal (performer-related) factors such as pathology. Neurally, overlap between action and cognition is prominent in frontal lobe areas linked to response selection and monitoring. Complex motor tasks are particularly suited to reveal the crucial link between action and cognition and the generic brain areas at the interface between these domains.     

The economic case for well-considered investment in health-related employment support: Costs and savings of alternative modified Individual and Placement Support (IPS) models

Background

Health-related unemployment is a major issue across advanced economies. Modified versions of well-evidenced Individual Placement and Support (IPS) models of employment support for health cohorts offer considerable potential. A significant gap currently however is the lack of evidence around their financial return on investment.

CAD/CAM氧化锆全瓷与IPS e.max Press铸瓷固定局部义齿修复的临床对比研究

目的：比较不同全瓷系统用于前牙及前磨牙区固定桥修复的临床效果。方法选取20～60岁因前牙或第一前磨牙缺失而行3单位固定桥修复的患者,随机分成CAD/CAM氧化锆和IPS e.max Press两组,分别在修复体戴入后3、6、12个月,临床观察其是否发生脱落、折裂、崩瓷、修复体边缘密合性及牙龈表现,参照改良美国公共卫生署评价标准进行疗效评价,并进行统计学分析。结果随着时间的延长,两种全瓷材料的固定修复成功率均有所下降,但均在90%以上,两者之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论在严格控制临床适应证的前提下,CAD/CAM二氧化锆与IPS e.max Press两种全瓷材料均能达到良好的修复效果。     

不同设计类型的IPS Empress铸瓷贴面前牙美学修复的疗效观察

目的：通过比较研究不同设计类型的IPS?Empress铸瓷贴面在前牙美学修复中的临床疗效,探讨铸瓷贴面不同设计类型对瓷贴面成功率的影响。方法分别采用唇面覆盖型（Ⅰ型）、唇切缘覆盖型（L型）和唇切邻面覆盖型（U型）3种类型的贴面修复方法,对41例患者共计124颗患牙行铸瓷贴面修复,于修复后1周、6个月,12个月复诊观察修复体保存完整度、颜色匹配和边缘适合性等评价指标,评估其临床疗效。?结果???Ⅰ型贴面在第12个月时有1例在切端出现微小间歇;L型贴面在第6个月时出现2例脱落,第12个月时又出现1例因咬硬物脱落;U型贴面在第6个月时有1例出现边缘微小缝隙。3种类型的贴面在各随访时间段的成功率比较无明显差异。结论3种类型的铸瓷贴面均能取得较好的临床修复效果。     

Psychodynamic sources of resistance among student nurses: some observations in a human relations context

Psychodynamic sources of resistance among student nurses: some observations in a human relations context The nurse-patient relationship is considered to be a crucial part of the daily routine for many nurses; however, little evidence is available regarding how student nurses cope with learning human skills. Few researchers have considered how students engage with or resist the learning process. The aim of this study is to examine interpersonal matters and explore psychodynamic sources of resistance encountered among student nurses in an interpersonal skills context. A qualitative approach was adopted with a focus on individual case studies, using the in-depth interview as the major mode of data collection combined with observation. The four types of student that emerged from the data are emphasized, ranging from type 1 who were extremely reluctant to self-disclose, to type 4 who were more confident and free-flowing. The major characteristics pertaining to each type of student are outlined. While some characteristics seem to be related to childhood struggles and years of over-adaptation, others relate to factors that influence the learning climate. Particular attention is given to the psychological understanding of their predicament, including accounts of childhood and self-image. The implications for nurse education and limitations of this study are also considered.     

IPS Empress 2全瓷冠修复的临床应用

目的评价IPS Empress 2全瓷冠修复技术修复上颌前牙的临床效果。方法将56例患者172颗牙分成两组,试验组30例86颗牙,以IPS Empress 2全瓷冠修复技术修复;对照组26例86颗牙,以镍铬合金烤瓷冠修复。采用根据美国加州牙科协会修定的评价标准,对其临床结果进行追踪评价。结果经3年的临床观察,试验组在颜色满意程度、边缘适合性、边缘变色、术后敏感、牙龈着色、牙龈反应方面均优干对照组(P<0.01或0.05),修复体完整度方面,两组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论IPS Empress 2全瓷冠修复技术治疗牙列缺损、缺失和变色的临床效果令人满意。     

IPS ImpressⅡ铸瓷修复体在前牙美容修复中的临床效果评价

目的：评价IPS ImpressⅡ铸瓷修复体在前牙美容修复中的临床效果。方法：对47例患者（158颗牙）进行IPS ImpressⅡ铸瓷全冠修复,修复后1周及每半年复诊一次,评价内容包括：边缘完整性、解剖外形、表面、颜色。结果：在随访期内,4颗牙发生饰面瓷崩瓷,2颗牙因基牙折断致牙冠与修复体一起脱落,3颗牙出现牙龈红肿,3颗牙发生牙髓炎或根尖周炎,2颗牙色泽变暗,其余144颗牙修复效果满意,满意率为91．1％。结论：IPS ImpressⅡ铸瓷修复体对前牙行冠桥修复可获良好临床效果。     

IPSe.max铸瓷贴面美学修复的临床评价

目的：评价IPSe.max铸瓷贴面在前牙美容修复的临床效果。方法：对13例患者（总计63颗）行IPS e.max铸瓷贴面修复。1个月、3个月、12个月、24个月后复诊检查,根据改良Ryge评价标准评价临床效果。结果：63例瓷贴面均完整未脱落;1例出现边缘渗漏着色;3颗患牙出现牙本质敏感现象。结论：IPS e.max铸瓷贴面是前牙较理想的美学修复方法,能满足患者对美观的要求,取得良好的临床效果。     

The expression of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 in hodgkin’s lymphoma: Correlation with the international prognostic score and bulky disease

The prognosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma has been improved over last 10 yr due to identification of prognostic parameters. These factors may predict the clinical outcome and therefore may have influence on the selection of appropriate treatment. In a cohort of 40 patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma of nodular sclerosis subtype, treated with ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) regimen, we analyzed prognostic relevance of the expression of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 at diagnosis as well as other clinical parameters: International Prognostic Score, bulky disease, tissue eosinophilia, and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Significance was tested according to response rate and overall survival. Patients with a high proliferative fraction (Ki-67 > 50%) had worse overall survival compared with those with low proliferation, 56% vs 91%. There was a correlation between Ki-67 positivity and the achievement of complete remission. Cox’s multivariate model revealed that Ki-67 positivity at threshold of 50% was a significant independent prognostic factor. The Bcl-2 expression in less than 50% of tumor cells was detected in 65.5% of patients, and in a majority of cases it was associated with complete remission. Patients with high IPS had more progressive disease and shorter survival. Bulky disease, tissue eosinophilia, and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate had no significant influence on complete remission and survival. However, there was a marked divergence in survival curves after 4 yr follow-up for each of these parameters. Patients with high Ki-67, IPS > 3, bulky disease, tissue eosinophilia, and high sedimentation rate are at a higher risk of treatment failure and relapse and therefore might be eligible for other aggressive therapeutic approach.