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排序方式: 共有337条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The effects of size and hydrophobicity of small (molecular weights below 2,000) polypeptides on their predominantly hydrophobic interactions with a neutral phospholipid monolayer were studied. The changes in surface pressure were determined when various concentrations of Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly,
-Ala,
-Ala-
-Ala-
-Ala,
-Ala-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly,
-Phe-
-Leu-
-Glu-
-Glu-
-Leu, adrenocorticotropic hormone fragments 1–10 (ACTH-(1–10)), porcine β-lipotropin, -endorphin and human fibrinopeptide A were injected under dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) monolayers at an initial surface pressure of 10 dyne/cm. In all cases, when peptides with the same number of residues are compared, the concentration needed to increase the surface pressure of the film by 1 dyne/cm was inversely related to its hydrophobicity. A reasonably good correlation was found to exist between the calculated free energy of transfer of a polypeptide from ethanol to water (a measure of its hydrophobicity) and its ability to increase the surface pressure of the DMPC film (a measure of the extent of its interaction with the neutral lipid monolayer). 相似文献
2.
The electrodeposition of Ag on Pt(100)-(1 × 1) in perchlorate electrolyte was studied by means of time-resolved in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry. One monolayer of Ag is deposited underpotentially (upd) ca. 500 mV positive of the Ag+/Ag equilibrium potential. Several millivolts positive of the equilibrium potential, a second well defined upd layer forms. Its growth was observed to proceed via island formation and coalescence. This process occurs in two separate stages that manifest themselves in voltammetric peaks as well as in the STM images. 相似文献
3.
Junhua Jiang Baolian Yi 《Journal of electroanalytical chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland)》2005,577(1):107-115
The influence of the thickness of a carbon-supported platinum catalyst layer on the oxygen reduction reaction (orr) has been studied in sulfuric acid solution by means of a thin-film rotating disk electrode. Pronounced changes in the Pt utilization, electrode activity and the orr kinetics have been observed upon varying the catalyst layer thickness. The thicker film electrode exhibits a higher Pt utilization efficiency and higher activity, and promotes the orr kinetics at potentials relevant to fuel cell operations. The participation of Pt surfaces not in contact with the electrolyte solution in electrochemical reactions via the spillover of adsorbed hydrogen and oxygen species, is proposed to be responsible for the changes. The thicker catalyst layer is likely to modify the Pt particle–particle distance by providing shared Pt sites between adjacent carbon supports, to improve the surface density of active catalyst particles per single carbon support by sharing adjacent catalyst sites, and to increase the ratio of the particle surfaces free of blocking anions to the catalyst|electrolyte interface surfaces. The carbon-supported platinum catalyst layer becomes active at 0.90 V vs RHE only when the catalyst layer is thicker than 1 μm. To provide reasonable activity, the minimum catalyst layer thickness should be around 2–4 μm. These results should be considered in the design of the cathode catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. 相似文献
4.
目的设计和实现基于通用激光扫描仪的胶片剂量测量和验证系统。方法采用胶片饱和冲洗、非线性光学校正、多分辨率阈值滤波、离散傅里叶逆变换图像复原等方法,消除了普通扫描仪用于胶片剂量学定量处理中的各种伪影、噪声和畸变;采用过响应系数校正方法消除测量胶片对低能散射光子的过响应,改善了胶片剂量测量的准确性;采用γ结合NAT指标的方法对放疗计划进行二维定量验证,给出可视化图形表达和具有定量数据的验证结果。结果和三维水箱系统、VeriSoft胶片测量系统相比较,研制系统对放疗剂量的测量结果在±2%内符合一致,对IMRT放疗计划的定量验证结果在±3%内符合一致。结论该系统能够实现对放疗剂量的高精度测量和对适形调强放疗计划剂量的可靠验证。 相似文献
5.
目的建立个体患者适形调强放疗(IMRT)计划的模体内剂量实测验证技术。方法选择1例鼻咽癌患者,设计IMRT计划。将患者计划转移到模体上设计杂交计划。执行杂交计划时,用针点电离室测量感兴趣点的剂量,并与该点的计算剂量比较。用胶片剂量测量系统测量杂交计划中感兴趣平面的剂量,胶片与计划剂量矩阵登记后,依次进行计划,胶片分析、计划,胶片剖面分析和计划/胶片等剂量线分析。采用复合判断标准评价验证结果。结果针点电离室测量得到杂交计划单次照射的总剂量为121.5cGy,比计算值低约4%。计划,胶片分析得到高剂量、高梯度区域的距离差别均在4mm以内;计划/胶片剖面分析显示,计划与胶片在通过靶区的剖面具有较好的一致性;计划,胶片等剂量线分析显示,计划与胶片对应值的等剂量线重合良好。按照复合判断标准,该计划验证通过。结论初步建立了个体患者IMRT计划的模体内剂量实测验证技术,建立并优化了剂量登记技术、剂量归一方法和评价方法。 相似文献
6.
An interactive, minicomputer system has been constructed for analyzing dynamic phenomena recorded on movie film in a developmental biology laboratory. The minicomputer interfaces a stop-motion, variable speed projector, a digitizing pen, and real-time graphics display equipment. An analyst uses the pen to digitize features in a film, e.g. by following a cell. A computer-generated animation portraying all data entered is superimposed on the film image and synchronized with it. Noteworthy system features include: image overlays on a large screen, data entry with the projector running, large data capacity, computer control of the projector, and convenient data entry tools. 相似文献
7.
壳聚糖—明胶混合膜的制备及其生物降解性研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
将壳聚糖与明胶按一定比例混合制膜,通过体外降解及动物体内实验研究了其降解性和生物相容性,结果表明壳聚糖-明胶混合膜在小鼠体现人降解速度较快,并具有较好的生物相容性,溶菌酶对混合膜的生物降解有促进作用。 相似文献
8.
9.
Autoradiographic localization of kappa opiate receptors in CNS taste and feeding areas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recent evidence suggests that kappa opiate receptors may play a key role in the regulation of appetite. Such evidence implies that kappa receptors might be localized within specific brain areas known to regulate ingestive behaviors. On the basis of this implication we employed an in vitro film autoradiographic technique using 3H-ethylketocyclazozine as ligand to identify putative kappa receptors within CNS "taste" nuclei and surrounding areas. Coronal cryostat sections of rat brain were incubated with ligand in the presence of D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) and morphine, apposed to LKB Ultrofilm for 60 days, processed and kappa receptor densities evaluated with the aid of a hand held photometer and video image analyzer. Highest kappa receptor densities were found within various gustatory and feeding sites including the rostral pole of the nucleus of the solitary tract, parabrachial nuclei, ventral posterior and medial portions of the thalamus, medial hypothalamus, medial nuclei of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Various other midline and medial limbic areas also showed significant kappa densities. 相似文献
10.
Enhanced film-forming properties for ethyl cellulose and starch acetate using n-alkenyl succinic anhydrides as novel plasticizers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Maarit Tarvainen Riitta Sutinen Soili Peltonen Hannu Mikkonen Jaana Maunus Kalle Vh-Heikkil Vesa-Pekka Lehto Petteri Paronen 《European journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2003,19(5):363-371
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of n-alkenyl succinic anhydrides (n-ASAs) to improve the film-forming characteristics of a novel coating polymer, potato starch acetate degree of substitution 2.8 (SA). n-ASAs were also applied to improve the otherwise brittle properties of ethyl cellulose (EC) aqueous dispersion (Aquacoat®) and EC solvent-based films. Methods: The effectiveness of two n-ASAs, 2-octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and 2-dodecen-1-ylsuccinic anhydride were evaluated as plasticizers. Mechanical properties, both water vapor and drug permeabilities, and glass transition temperatures of the cast free films were measured. Triethyl citrate and dibutyl sebacate were used as reference plasticizers. Results: The long hydrocarbon chain of n-ASA, with its accessible carbonyl groups, enabled a strong plasticization effect on the tested polymers. Due to the excellent mechanical properties (i.e., a tough film structure with considerable flexibility) and low permeability of the plasticized films, n-ASAs, and especially OSA proved to be an ideal plasticizer particularly for EC based coatings. Also, the EC aqueous dispersion plasticized with n-ASAs resulted in a markedly enhanced coalescence of the colloidal polymer particles, even at low drying temperatures. Conclusions: In applications where a coating with high flexibility is required, n-ASAs can be used as plasticizers at moderately high concentrations (up to 60–70%, w/w) without losing the high tensile strength, excellent toughness and low permeability of EC and SA films. 相似文献