Influence of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on the absorption of itraconazole

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Coca-Cola in enhancing the absorption of itraconazole. Methods: Eight healthy volunteers were randomized to receive two treatment sequences in a two-way crossover design with a 1-week wash-out period separating each study treatment. Treatment I, the control, consisted of 100 mg itraconazole with 325 ml water. Treatment II was identical to treatment I, except that itraconazole was administered with 325 ml of Coca-Cola (pH 2.5). Results: Serum itraconazole concentrations, after administration with Coca-Cola (treatment II), were higher than after administration with water (treatment I). The mean AUC was 1.12 vs 2.02 μg · h · ml⁻¹, the mean C_max was 0.14 vs 0.31 μg · ml⁻¹and the mean t_max was 2.56 vs 3.38 h in treatments I and II, respectively. Conclusion: The absorption of itraconazole can be enhanced by Coca-Cola. Received: 4 November 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 21 January 1997     

Short-term effects on bone turnover of replacing milk with cola beverages: a 10-day interventional study in young men

In the Western world, increased consumption of carbonated soft drinks combined with a decreasing intake of milk may increase the risk of osteoporosis. This study was designed to reflect the trend of replacing milk with carbonated beverages in a group of young men on a low-calcium diet and studies the effects of this replacement on calcium homeostasis and bone turnover. This controlled crossover intervention study included 11 healthy men (22-29 years) who were given a low-calcium basic diet in two 10-day intervention periods with an intervening 10-day washout. During one period, they drank 2.5 l of Coca Cola per day and during the other period 2.5 l of semi-skimmed milk. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D), osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and cross-linked C-telopeptides (CTX), plasma intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTX) were determined at baseline and endpoint of each intervention period. An increase in serum phosphate (P<0.001), 1,25(OH)2D (P<0.001), PTH (P=0.046) and osteocalcin (P<0.001) was observed in the cola period compared to the milk period. Also, bone resorption was significantly increased following the cola period, seen as increased serum CTX (P<0.001) and urinary NTX (P<0.001) compared to the milk period. No changes were observed in serum concentrations of calcium or B-ALP. This study demonstrates that over a 10-day period high intake of cola with a low-calcium diet induces increased bone turnover compared to a high intake of milk with a low-calcium diet. Thus, the trend towards a replacement of milk with cola and other soft drinks, which results in a low calcium intake, may negatively affect bone health as indicated by this short-term study.     

鼻内镜术后采用鼻可乐行鼻腔冲洗的疗效观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻窦炎、鼻息肉术后行鼻可乐鼻腔冲洗对术腔愈合和术腔上皮化的影响。方法将2013年3～6月收治的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者136例随机分为观察组（70例）和对照组（66例）。观察组术后采用有发明专利配方的鼻可乐鼻腔冲洗，对照组采用生理盐水鼻腔冲洗。结果经术后3月鼻内镜复查，观察组术腔上皮化时间和术后疗效均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后鼻可乐鼻腔冲洗优于传统生理盐水冲洗的方法，提高了疗效，缩短了术腔上皮化时间，值得临床推广应用。     

奥威尔牙齿脱敏剂对抗可乐酸蚀作用研究

目的:评价奥威尔牙齿脱敏剂对乳牙釉质再矿化及抑制脱矿的作用。方法:60颗离体牙随机分为6组(n=10),3组进行再矿化实验,用可乐酸蚀25 h后其中2组分别使用奥威尔凝胶和含氟牙膏处理14次以模拟1周再矿化治疗(2 min×2次/d×7 d),剩余1组置于去离子水中。另外3组进行抑制脱矿实验,先使用奥威尔凝胶、含氟牙膏和去离子水分别处理14次,方法同前,再用可乐酸蚀25 h,以激光龋齿探测仪记录各时点的荧光读数。采用t检验和ANOVA方差分析进行统计分析。结果:再矿化实验前,3组荧光值比较无显著差异(P>0.05);再矿化处理后奥威尔组和含氟牙膏组荧光值均显著降低(P<0.01),奥威尔组的荧光读数显著低于含氟牙膏组(P<0.01),空白对照组荧光值高于其他2组(P<0.01)。抑制脱矿实验酸蚀处理前3组荧光值无显著差异(P>0.05);酸蚀处理后奥威尔组和含氟牙膏组荧光值均低于空白对照组(P<0.01),奥威尔组低于含氟牙膏组。结论:奥威尔凝胶具有再矿化和抑制脱矿作用,其再矿化作用和抑制脱矿作用优于含氟牙膏。     

Chronic cola drinking induces metabolic and cardiac alterations in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of chronic drinking of cola beverages on metabolic and echocardiographic parameters in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided in 3 groups and allowed to drink regular cola (C), diet cola (L), or tap water (W) ad libitum during 6 mo. After this period, 50% of the animals in each group were euthanized. The remaining rats drank tap water ad libitum for an additional 6 mo and were then sacrificed. Rat weight, food, and beverage consumption were measured regularly. Biochemical, echocardiographic and systolic blood pressure data were obtained at baseline, and at 6 mo (treatment) and 12 mo (washout). A complete histopathology study was performed after sacrifice. RESULTS: After 6 mo, C rats had increased body weight (+7%, P < 0.01), increased liquid consumption (+69%, P < 0.001), and decreased food intake (-31%, P < 0.001). C rats showed mild hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Normoglycemia (+69%, P < 0.01) and sustained hypertriglyceridemia (+69%, P < 0.01) were observed in C after washout. Both cola beverages induced an increase in left ventricular diastolic diameter (C: +9%, L: +7%, P < 0.05 vs W) and volumes (diastolic C: +26%, L: +22%, P < 0.01 vs W; systolic C: +24%, L: +24%, P < 0.05 vs W) and reduction of relative posterior wall thickness (C: -8%, L: -10%, P < 0.05 vs W). Cardiac output tended to increase (C: +25%, P < 0.05 vs W; L: +17%, not significant vs W). Heart rate was not affected. Pathology findings were scarce, related to aging rather than treatment. CONCLUSION: This experimental model may prove useful to investigate the consequences of high consumption of soft drinks.     

Change in surface hardness of enamel by a cola drink and a CPP-ACP paste

OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study used surface microhardness to evaluate whether a paste containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) can reharden tooth enamel softened by a cola drink, and how different saliva-substitute solutions affect the enamel hardness. METHODS: Twenty-four bovine incisors, each tooth consisting of treatment and control halves, were immersed in a cola drink (Coke) for 8 min, then placed under a 0.4 mL/min drip with various saliva-substitute solutions. The saliva-substitute solutions were: saliva-like solution (SLS) with 1 ppm fluoride, SLS without fluoride, and Biotene mouthwash. CPP-ACP paste was applied to the treatment halves for 3 min at 0, 8, 24, and 36 h. Knoop microhardness measurements were performed at baseline, after the cola drink immersion, and after 24 and 48 h contact with saliva-substitute solution. RESULTS: Enamel hardness significantly decreased after immersion in cola drink (ANOVA, p<0.05). After contact with saliva-like solutions for 48 h, those treated with CPP-ACP paste were significantly harder than those untreated regardless of the presence of 1 ppm fluoride in the saliva-like solution (ANOVA, p<0.05). Biotene mouthwash significantly softened the enamel surface (ANOVA, p<0.05). Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects of the CPP-ACP paste application and types of saliva-substitute solutions on the changes in surface hardness of the softened enamel at a significance level of 0.05. CONCLUSION: The application of CPP-ACP paste with continuous replenishment of saliva-like solution for 48 h significantly hardened enamel softened by a cola drink. Biotene mouthwash softened enamel surface after 48 h contact.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定饮料中咖啡因含量

目的建立一种简单流动相洗脱的反相高效液相色谱法快速测定饮料中咖啡因含量。方法以甲醇-水-乙酸为流动相,对饮料进行简单的过滤处理后直接进样测定。结果标准曲线的回归方程为y=52.54635x+47.46411,相关系数r=0.99996;测定咖啡因保留时间的标准偏差为0.087 min,RSD为1.41%;浓度的标准偏差为2.22 mg/L,RSD为1.98%;测定结果的总体回收率在97.5%~98.1%之间;加标回收率在92.2%~95.9%之间。结论采用本法测定饮料中的咖啡因含量,具有结果准确、样品处理方法简便、流动相组成简单等优点,适合饮料中咖啡因的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定可乐饮料中乙酰磺胺酸钾、糖精钠及咖啡因

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定可乐饮料中乙酰磺胺酸钾、糖精钠和咖啡因的方法。方法用Lichrospher C18反相色谱柱分离,LC-10AT高效液相色谱仪对可乐饮料进行测定,面积外标法定量。结果乙酰磺胺酸钾、糖精钠、咖啡因在饮料中的回收率平均值分别为97．9％、102．8％和10t．4％。其精密度分别为3．0％、3．0％和3．7％。检出限分别为0．3μg／ml、0．4μg／ml和0．4μg/ml。结论该方法简单、检验结果准确可靠,检验数据重现性好。     

Safety of drainless excision of the submandibular gland

IntroductionPercutaneous drains can be associated with several complications, including infection, fistula formation, discomfort and prolonged hospitalization.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of submandibular gland excision without the use of surgical drains.MethodsWe analyzed the surgery time, postoperative complications such as bleeding, facial palsy, seroma, and repeat exploration of wounds and duration of the hospital stay. Excision of the submandibular gland via a transcervical approach was undertaken by two surgeons. Prior to wound closure, the skin flap and wound bed were approximated using hemostatic fibrin glue (Greenplast-Q PFS KIT®, GC Greencross, Youngin, Korea). Neither saline irrigation nor insertion of a percutaneous drain were included.ResultsA total of 23 patients underwent submandibular gland excision. The study group consisted of 14 men (60.8%) and 9 women (39.2%) (mean age, 47.6 years; range, 24–70 years). There were two patients who had minor complications. One patient showed minor bleeding on the skin incision line immediately postoperatively, and one developed a seroma at 7 days postoperatively. There were no major surgical complications. Total duration of the surgery from skin incision to closure averaged 44.86 minutes. Mean duration of the hospital stay was 3.17 days. Patients were discharged on average at 1.17 days after surgery.ConclusionThe submandibular gland can be safely excised without the use of a surgical drain, therefore allowing early patient discharge.     

Microanatomical Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Cola Nitida on the Stomach Mucosa of Adult Wistar Rats

The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of A, B, C and D (n=5). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 600mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida each by oral intubation for five, seven and nine consecutive days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water. Twenty four hrs after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed; tissues were harvested and fixed in 10% formol saline for histological analysis. The study revealed necrotized surface epithelium, degenerated gastric mucosa, and loss of glandular elements in the stomachs of experimental groups'' vis-à-vis the control group. These observations were days-dependent; as those groups which received the extract for higher number of days were seen to be adversely affected. In conclusion, Cola nitida at 600mg/kg body weight can cause gastric lesion in animals. This lesion may be pronounced if the administration continued for days. Cola nitida should, therefore, be taken with caution to avoid gastric complications.