Secondary correction of the unilateral cleft nose deformity with an endonasal technique

Summary Malposition of the nasal bone, septum and the alar cartilage are striking features of the unilateral cleft nose deformity. An endonasal technique (the extramucosal) was used in 26 patients, aged 13–38 (median 19), to correct aesthetic and functional problems. Twenty-four patients were secondary and two were tertiary. The patients were followed from 1–9 years. The pathological anatomy of the septum varied considerably, so different types of septoplasties had to be done. In 20 patients, satisfactory aesthetic and functional results were obtained in one operation. Secondary corrections were indicated in six patients. In cases with no gross scarring in or around the alar cartilage, the form and position of this cartilage will be more normal once the alar cartilages have been undermined and the deviation of the nasal bone and the septum is corrected.     

Cleft lip-nose repair technique: Sequential repair

The results of repairing cleft lip by aesthetic plastic surgery are now excellent. However, the cleft lipnose deformity is still very difficult to repair with the present techniques. A technique that can repair the cleft lip-nose deformity with good results is presented. The technique is divided into three parts: Part I consists of nasal repair of the primary cleft lip. Part II is nasal reconstruction as a secondary operation with or without lip repair. For example, nasal reconstruction may be secondary to repair of deformities of the sill, rim, limen nasi, septum, or nasal bones. Part III is an aesthetic nasal operation such as rhinoplasty, mentoplasty, or zygomaplasty.     

唇腭裂的牙槽突裂植骨修复术

牙槽突植骨术是唇腭裂序列治疗的一个组成部分,对于恢复上颌牙弓的完整性,保证上颌牙齿的正常萌出,促进上颌骨的垂直向生长及颌骨的稳定性,矫正患侧鼻底塌陷畸形及修复唇侧口鼻腔瘘均有重大意义。总结了保证手术成功的关键,并认为植骨术前后应接受正畸治疗。8～11岁 X 线片示尖牙根形成2/3为最佳手术时间。     

Successful management of laryngotracheosophageal cleft through an anterior approach

Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft is an uncommon disease that is difficult to diagnose and treat. Repair of the cleft depends on length and localization of the defect as well as the associated anomalies. A successful repair of a type II cleft is reported in this paper. An anterior split of the larynx and trachea was used and provided excellent exposure and safe repair without injury to the neurovascular structures. This is the best approach and should be used to correct all type II defects.     

艾司洛尔治疗小儿腭裂手术中心动过速30例

目的：观察艾司洛尔在小儿腭裂手术中出现心动过速时的治疗效果。方法：30例腭裂手术病人，在手术中静脉滴注艾司洛尔10～30mg。结果：30例手术病人的心率都有不同程度的下降。结论：艾司洛尔在小儿腭裂手术中对心动过速具有显著疗效。     

畸变产物耳声发射在唇腭裂婴幼儿听力检查中的应用

目的探讨唇腭裂婴幼儿畸变产物耳声发射（distortion product otoacoustic emission,DPOAE）的特点,并将其与听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response,ABR）阂值检查的结果加以对照,以探讨DPOAE在这类患儿听力检查中的应用价值。方法DPOAE检查63例（126耳）,年龄2个月-42个月,平均11.83个月。其中单纯腭裂组（以下简称腭裂组）23例（46耳）,腭裂并发唇裂及牙槽裂组（以下简称唇腭裂组）30例（60耳）,单纯唇裂组（以下简称唇裂组）10例（20耳）,每耳均检查8个频率,若2-5kHz4个频点有≥3个频点通过即为该耳通过。在上述患儿中,ABR阈值检查腭裂组17例（34耳）,唇腭裂组10例（20耳）,唇裂组6例（12耳）,以能重复引出V波的最小刺激强度为ABR阈值。结果DPOAE检查：腭裂组通过7耳,未通过39耳,通过率为15.22％;唇腭裂组通过6耳,未通过54耳,通过率为10.00％;唇裂组通过18耳,未通过2耳,通过率为90％。统计分析腭裂组与唇腭裂组无显著差异,而腭裂组与唇裂组,唇腭裂组与唇裂组均有显著差异。ABR阈值检查统计分析结果与DPOAE一致。将各组DPOAE通过率与ABR正常率进行比较,腭裂组及唇腭裂组中二者无差异（P〉0.05）,虽然唇裂组中二者有差异（P〈0.05）,但唇裂组ABR阈值反应的听力下降较轻（均≤50dB nHL）。从总体趋势上说,DPOAE与ABR阈值检查在检测的结果上是一致的。结论唇腭裂患儿DPOAE和ABR检测结果一致,与ABR相比,DPOAE具有快速、简便、易实施等特点,因此DPOAE可以作为唇腭裂婴幼儿听力检查的手段,但仍需进一步结合ABR及其他相关的听力检查,以明确听力损害的程度和类型。     

腭咽环扎术后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征上气道形态的研究

目的：探讨腭咽环扎术（VRLP）后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的上气道形态特征.方法：应用纤维鼻咽镜和头影测量技术检查了6例VRLP后并发OSAHS患者、6例VRLP后未发生OSAHS和6例未手术腭裂患者的上气道形态,测量了鼻咽腔直径、腭咽环扎处咽腔直径、口咽腔直径、舌根后咽腔直径、下咽腔直径、舌骨至下颌骨的距离等6个相关参数,并应用单因素方差分析进行组间比较.结果：未手术腭裂患者上气道形态光滑,VRLP后上气道在软腭后区和舌根后区出现2处狭窄,VRLP后OSAHS患者上气道鼻咽部明显狭窄变形,为腺样体肥大所致.结论：X线头影测量技术是一种简单实用的评估VRLP后OSAHS的方法,建议VRLP术前行此检查以排除腺样体严重增生患者.