微创技术治疗乳磨牙深龋的疗效评价

目的评价Carisolv化学机械法微创技术用于乳磨牙深龋的治疗效果。方法选择108个乳磨牙深龋,其中58个龋牙采用化学机构法去腐(治疗组),50个龋牙采用传统牙钻去腐(对照组),两组去腐后均采用玻璃离子充填,经过1年观察,比较治疗效果。结果2种治疗方法在修复体的完整性、边缘缺损及脱落等方面均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但X线成功率治疗组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Carisolv是一种轻柔操作,能消除儿童对牙科的恐惧感,减轻疼痛,减少穿髓等并发症的发生,值得在儿童龋病治疗中推广。     

Accuracy of KinectOne to quantify kinematics of the upper body

Motion analysis systems deliver quantitative information, e.g. on the progress of rehabilitation programs aimed at improving range of motion. Markerless systems are of interest for clinical application because they are low-cost and easy to use. The first generation of the Kinect™ sensor showed promising results in validity assessment compared to an established marker-based system. However, no literature is available on the validity of the new ‘Kinect™ for Xbox one’ (KinectOne) in tracking upper body motion. Consequently, this study was conducted to analyze the accuracy and reliability of the KinectOne in tracking upper body motion.Twenty subjects performed shoulder abduction in frontal and scapula plane, flexion, external rotation and horizontal flexion in two conditions (sitting and standing). Arm and trunk motion were analyzed using the KinectOne and compared to a marker-based system. Comparisons were made using Bland Altman statistics and Coefficient of Multiple Correlation.On average, differences between systems of 3.9 ± 4.0° and 0.1 ± 3.8° were found for arm and trunk motion, respectively. Correlation was higher for the arm than for the trunk motion.Based on the observed bias, the accuracy of the KinectOne was found to be adequate to measure arm motion in a clinical setting. Although trunk motion showed a very low absolute bias between the two systems, the KinectOne was not able to track small changes over time. Before the KinectOne can find clinical application, further research is required analyzing whether validity can be improved using a customized tracking algorithm or other sensor placement, and to analyze test–retest reliability.     

Ion Torrent ™ Genexus ™ Integrated Sequencer and ForeNGS Analysis Software—An automatic NGS-STR workflow from DNA to profile for forensic science

The Ion Torrent ™ Genexus ™ Sequencer (Genexus) is a highly integrated instrument that can automate library construction, templating, and sequencing in a single-instrument run. By programing the ForeNGS Analysis Software (FNAS), we bridged the gap between sequencing and genotyping without manual intervention. FNAS can automatically transfer sequencing output files from Genexus, analyze the repeat and flanking regions aligned to the GRCh38 assembly, name the alleles according to the ISFG guidelines, and generate user-friendly interactive profiles. Genexus and FNAS can accomplish the fully automatic DNA-to-Profile workflow in forensics. Based on our experiences, the optimal assay parameters on Genexus were validated as follows: 24 cycles of target amplification for library construction; 40 μL of library and 400 bp of template size for templating; 852 flows of dNTPs by order of Ion samba HID2 for sequencing; and 750,000 reads per sample at minimum for 16 samples multiplexed on a lane. By developmental validations of the Precision ID Globalfiler ™ NGS STR Panel v2, Genexus presented competitive performance at the optimal assay parameters qualified to detect commonly used forensic STR markers. It could produce repeatable and reproducible results, and human profiles could be easily separated from nonhuman profiles. Additionally, Genexus was sensitive enough to detect samples with 100 pg of input DNA, and it was suitable for various types of case samples, especially for low copy number samples and degraded samples. Moreover, minor contributors could be detected between the 4:1 and 1:4 mixtures with an analysis threshold of 50 × . The Genexus workflow is a robust and labor-effective solution enabling forensic scientists to obtain NGS-STR profiles within a single day and with only the need to prepare DNA extracts, then set up Genexus, and finally interpret profiles on FNAS.     

Head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic accuracies of BD Veritor™ System RSV and Quidel® Sofia® RSV FIA systems for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) diagnosis

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of severe lower respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. BD Veritor™ System RSV (BD) and Quidel^® Sofia^® RSV FIA (QD) are the new generation lateral flow digital immunoassay (DIA) tests with an instrumented read for the qualitative detection of RSV viral antigens.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracies of BD and QD for RSV detection using fresh nasopharyngeal aspirates and nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected in universal transport media during 2013–2014 respiratory season.Study designThe two DIA tests were performed simultaneously on randomly selected specimens on a weekly basis during the RSV season until 200 fresh remnant specimens were enrolled. Real-time RT-PCR assay results were used to compare and evaluate the performance of both RSV DIA assays.ResultsAmong 200 specimens tested, RSV real-time RT-PCR assay detected RSV in 104 samples, while QD detected 84 samples and BD detected 74 samples as positive. The overall sensitivity for detection of RSV in comparison to PCR was 71.15% (61.3–79.4) for BD and 80.77% (71.6–87.6) for QD system (P = 0.36). The specificity was 100% (95.2–100) for both systems. The work flow analysis revealed that the overall specimen processing time was significantly lower for BD as compared with the QD assay.ConclusionsIn comparison with the real-time PCR, the QD system showed a higher sensitivity than that of the BD system, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.36). Both BD and QD systems were found comparable in terms of specificity.     

Carisolv对根管微渗漏的影响

目的:建立以亚硝酸钠为示踪物的流体输送模型,探讨Carisolv对根管微渗漏的影响。方法:将70颗离体牙随机分为5组,分别采用Carisolv、2%氯亚明+3%H2O2、2.5%NaclO、5%NaclO(阴性对照)、蒸馏水(阳性对照)预备根管,对根管侧方加压充填后进行桩腔预备,置于模型上,分别于第1、2、4、7、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60天利用重氮反应检测由冠方向根尖方渗出的亚硝酸钠浓度。采用SPSS11.5软件包对数据进行多因素方差分析。结果:阴性对照组从第1天到第60天均未检测到亚硝酸钠。阳性对照组从第1天就检测到较高浓度的亚硝酸钠,从第1天到第60天亚硝酸钠渗出量显著高于其余4组(P<0.01)。Carisolv组亚硝酸钠渗出量显著低于2%氯亚明+3%H2O2组(P<0.01),与2.5%NaclO组相比,除第25、30、35、40天外,其渗出量均较低(P<0.05)。结论:Carisolv可有效去除玷污层,减少根管微渗漏的发生,达到良好的根管封闭目的。以亚硝酸钠作为示踪物的流体输送模型,可客观、灵敏、准确地评价根管微渗漏。     

Characterization of microRNA expression profiles in blood and saliva using the Ion Personal Genome Machine® System (Ion PGM™ System)

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling is gaining interest in the forensic community because the intrinsically short fragment and tissue-specific expression pattern enable miRNAs as a useful biomarker for body fluid identification. Measuring the quantity of miRNAs in forensically relevant body fluids is an important step to screen specific miRNAs for body fluid identification. The recent introduction of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has the potential for screening miRNA biomarkers at the genome-wide level, which allows both the detection of expression pattern and miRNA sequences. In this study, we employed the Ion Personal Genome Machine^® System (Ion PGM™ System, Thermo Fisher) to characterize the distribution and expression of 2588 human mature miRNAs (miRBase v21) in 5 blood samples and 5 saliva samples. An average of 1,885,000 and 1,356,000 sequence reads were generated in blood and saliva respectively. Based on miRDong, a Perl-based tool developed for semi-automated miRNA distribution designations, and manually ascertained, 6 and 19 miRNAs were identified respectively as potentially blood and saliva-specific biomarkers. Herein, this study describes a complete and reliable miRNA workflow solution based on Ion PGM™ System, starting from efficient RNA extraction, followed by small RNA library construction and sequencing. With this workflow solution and miRDong analysis it will be possible to measure miRNA expression pattern at the genome-wide level in other forensically relevant body fluids.     

HALL技术结合Carisolv修复乳磨牙大面积缺损的临床研究

目的:探讨HALL技术结合Carisolv去龋治疗儿童乳磨牙大面积缺损的临床效果。方法:临床选取有大面积龋坏的乳磨牙80颗,随机分为实验组A和对照组B。A组选用HALL技术结合Carisolv去龋进行治疗,B组选用HALL技术治疗。比较两组患牙6、12个月临床治疗成功率。结果:实验组A与对照组B患儿术后6个月临床治疗成功率组间比较无统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患儿术后12个月临床治疗成功率均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与HALL技术相比,HALL技术结合Carisolv去龋治疗儿童乳磨牙大面积缺损的临床治疗效果更好,能被患儿接受,在临床值得广泛推广。     

Teaching caregivers to implement an augmentative and alternative communication intervention to an adult with ASD

Many researchers have investigated the effectiveness of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems on improving communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and communication complex needs (CCN); however, few studies included adults with ASD. Also, there is a lack of research on primary caregiver implemented interventions with high treatment fidelity although primary caregiver-implemented interventions have been used effectively with adults with ASD and their families. This study investigated the accuracy of primary caregivers’ implementation of a tablet-computer based AAC system while they were providing instruction to an adult with ASD. Also, independent use of AAC system of the participant was examined. We implemented a multiple probe design across three instructional coaching steps to examine the accuracy of the caregivers’ AAC implementation. One adult with autism and CCN and his four primary caregivers participated in this study, twice a week for seven weeks. Both visual and statistical analyses were utilized. Results indicated that, with instructional coaching, all of the caregivers were able to implement the procedures of the AAC mode with the participant accurately, as demonstrated via visual inspection and statistical analyses. Nevertheless, there was little improvement in the participant's independent use of the AAC mode. Limitations and suggestions for future researchers are discussed.     

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目的探讨化学机械去龋制剂CarisolvⅢ对牙本质黏结强度的影响。方法收集2014年3—6月在中国医科大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科门诊因各种原因拔除的龋坏恒磨牙40颗,将每颗牙齿沿龋洞中心纵剖为两部分（即为两组,每组40个样本）。CarisolvⅢ去龋组：采用CarisolvⅢ化学机械法去龋;机械去腐组：采用慢速球钻去龋。将两组再各自随机均分为两组,分别用3M ESPE自酸蚀黏结剂和Adper Single Bond 2全酸蚀黏结剂黏结,然后用3M Z350光固化复合树脂分层充填。制作各样本的微拉伸试件,测试微拉伸黏结强度并进行比较分析。结果CarisolvⅢ去龋组的微拉伸黏结强度：采用3M ESPE自酸蚀黏结系统为（19.50±6.83）MPa,采用Adper Single Bond 2全酸蚀黏结系统为（24.35±7.97）MPa。机械去腐组的微拉伸黏结强度：采用3M ESPE自酸蚀黏结系统为（18.10±7.55）MPa,采用Adper Single Bond 2全酸蚀黏结系统为（23.50±8.33）MPa。采用相同黏结系统的两种去龋方法的微拉伸黏结强度比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而同一种去龋法,采用Adper Single Bond 2全酸蚀黏结系统的微拉伸黏结强度高于3M ESPE自酸蚀黏结系统,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 CarisolvⅢ化学机械去龋法能够获得与机械去腐法同样的牙本质黏结强度。