The apex angle of the rocker sole affects the posture and gait stability of healthy individuals

BackgroundRocker sole (RS) shoes have been linked to impaired postural control. However, which features of RS design affect balance is unclear.Research questionWhich RS design features affect standing balance and gait stability?MethodsThis study utilized an intervention and cross-over design. Twenty healthy young adults (10 males and 10 females) participated in this study. Standing balance and gait stability were measured using a single force platform and three-dimensional motion analysis system, respectively. The experimental conditions included the control shoe and five RS shoes in the combination of apex position (%) and apex angle (degree) for RS50-95, RS60-95, RS70-95, RS60-70, and RS60-110. The main outcome measures were the area surrounding the maximal rectangular amplitude, mean path length, average displacement of the center of pressure along the lateral and anterior/posterior directions, and maximal center of pressure excursion as the standing balance and lateral margin of stability as the gait stability. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two-way split-plot analysis of variance with repeated measures (with RS design as the within-subject factor and sex as the between-subject factor) and the Bonferroni post hoc test (α = .05).ResultsRegarding the mean path length, RS60-70 was significantly longer than the control shoe, and it showed a significantly increased lateral margin of stability. Thus, RS60-70 was shown to affect standing balance, limit of stability, and gait stability of the frontal plane during gait.SignificanceThese results suggest that the apex angle of the RS design feature affects standing balance and gait stability, and RS60-70 is detrimental to stability. Therefore, when RS with a small apex angle is prescribed, it is necessary to consider the patient’s balance ability.     

Structural vertebral changes in the horizontal plane in idiopathic scoliosis and the long-term corrective effect of spine instrumentation

Summary The rotation and structural changes of the apex vertebra in the horizontal plane as well as of the thoracic cage deformity were quantified by measurements on computed tomography (CT) scans from patients with right convex thoracic idiopathic scoliosis (IS). The CT scans were obtained from 12 patients with moderate scoliosis (mean Cobb angle 25.8°, r 13°–30°) and from 33 with severe scoliosis (mean Cobb angle 46.2°, r 35°–71°). In addition, CT scans of thoracic vertebrae from 15 patients without scoliosis were used as reference material. Ten of the scoliotic cases had had Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) and posterior fusion and had entered a longitudinal study on the effect of operative correction on the re-modelling of the apical vertebra. An increasingly asymmetrical vertebral body, transverse process angle, pedicle width and canal width were found in the groups with scoliosis as compared with the reference material. Vertebral rotation and rib hump index were significantly larger in patients with early and advanced scoliosis than in normal subjects. The modelling angle of the vertebral body, the transverse process angle index and the vertebral rotation in relation to the middle axis of the thoracic cage were significantly greater in patients with severe than with moderate scoliosis. The results of this longitudinal study suggest that the structural changes of the apical vertebra regress 2 years or more after CD instrumentation.     

In Vivo Evaluation of 3 Electronic Apex Locators: Root ZX Mini,Apex ID,and Propex Pixi

IntroductionThe aim of this in vivo study was to compare the accuracy of 3 electronic apex locators (EALs) (Root ZX mini [J Morita Corp, Tokyo, Japan], Apex ID [SybronEndo, Glendora, CA], and Propex Pixi [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland]) to determine the working length.MethodsThirty single-rooted human teeth that were scheduled for extraction were selected for the study. Electronic measurements were performed with the 3 EALs. After the teeth had been extracted, a #10 K-file was used to determine the actual working length, which was established at 0.5 mm short of the major foramen. The data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (α = 0.05).ResultsNo significant differences were found among the experimental groups (P > .05). The mean distance from the actual working length to the file tip was 0.163 ± 0.032 mm when Root ZX mini was used, 0.343 ± 0.032 mm for Propex Pixi , and 0.012 ± 0.008 mm for Apex ID.ConclusionsUnder the in vivo conditions of this study, no statistically significant differences were observed among the 3 EALs.     

根管长度电测法准确性及其影响因素的探讨

目的:探讨JUSTY-Ⅱ电测仪测量根管工作长度的准确性及其影响因素。方法:选择148颗患牙,其中牙髓炎71颗,牙髓坏死46颗,根尖周炎31颗。随机分为2组,分别用指感法和电测法测量根管工作长度,以X线片影像为参照,用χ2检验比较其结果,并分析各临床病变类型、根管干湿状态和根管扩大等因素对电测法准确性的影响。结果:电测法准确率为87.84%,指感法为43.24%,2组有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。根尖周炎组准确率与牙髓炎组、牙髓坏死组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。根管干湿状态对测量结果无影响,扩根前后准确率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:电测法是一种准确、操作简便的测量根管工作长度的方法。根尖周组织的炎症以及根管扩大,均会降低其准确性。     

三种机用镍钛器械对推出根尖孔碎屑和冲洗液影响的比较

背景:根管预备过程中所产生的牙本质碎屑及冲洗液有可能被带到牙根尖周围,造成严重的术后疼痛并延缓根尖组织愈合过程。研究表明,采用机用镍钛器械主进行根管预备时的根尖碎屑产生量明显低于手用器械。目的:比较临床上常用的3种机动镍钛旋转式器械ProT aper、Pro File及K3和手动不锈钢器械K-file在根管预备时,推出根尖孔的牙本质碎屑量和冲洗液渗出量。方法:选取40颗单根管人离体牙,随机均分成4组,分别用镍钛旋转器械ProT aper、ProF ile、K3及手动不锈钢器械K-file进行根管预备,预备后每颗样本牙用等量的冲洗液冲洗根管,收集预备过程中从根尖孔推出的碎屑和液体,电子秤测得推出根尖孔的液体和碎屑的质量。结果与结论:K-file组所产生的根尖推出碎屑量及冲洗液渗出量最多,多于镍钛旋转器械3组(P<0.05);K3组根尖推出碎屑量最少,但3种机动镍钛器械根尖推出碎屑量组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);K3组冲洗液渗出量明显少于ProT aper及Pro File组(P<0.05),后两组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。K-file组所产生的冲洗液渗出量与根尖推出碎屑量呈正相关(P<0.05),机用镍钛器械3组中冲洗液与根尖推出碎屑量无明显相关性。说明在临床上进行根管预备时尽量选用机用镍钛器械。     

RAYPEX?6根测仪在根管治疗中的临床应用分析

目的：评价RAYPEX?6根测仪在根尖定位与根管工作长度测量的准确性。方法：将根管治疗的患牙540颗、1496个根管随机分为两组,分别使用RAYPEX?6根测仪和X线片法进行根尖定位、测量根管工作长度,通过充填后的X线片评估根管充填效果,比较两种方法的差异。结果：使用RAYPEX?6根测仪的根管充填恰充率明显高于使用X线片法的根管充填恰充率（P＜0．05）。结论：RAYPEX?6根测仪能准确地进行根尖定位、测量根管工作长度,操作简便,能提高根管治疗的疗效。     

滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣修复鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损的疗效分析

目的：探讨应用滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣同时修复鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损的临床疗效及治疗经验。方法：选取2008年9月-2013年2月本院收治的5例同时存在鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损的患者,均采用滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣修复。手术分2期进行：Ⅰ期行皮肤扩张器置入额部帽状腱膜及额肌下扩张充足的皮肤软组织;Ⅱ期设计滑车上动脉额部三叶瓣转移修复鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损。结果：本组5例滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣全部存活,随访4-12个月,平均随访8个月,鼻外形、功能良好,皮瓣色泽、质地与周围皮肤基本一致。结论：滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣能同时修复鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损,修复后鼻外形、功能良好,疗效可靠,是治疗同时存在鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损较理想的方法。