The apex angle of the rocker sole affects the posture and gait stability of healthy individuals

BackgroundRocker sole (RS) shoes have been linked to impaired postural control. However, which features of RS design affect balance is unclear.Research questionWhich RS design features affect standing balance and gait stability?MethodsThis study utilized an intervention and cross-over design. Twenty healthy young adults (10 males and 10 females) participated in this study. Standing balance and gait stability were measured using a single force platform and three-dimensional motion analysis system, respectively. The experimental conditions included the control shoe and five RS shoes in the combination of apex position (%) and apex angle (degree) for RS50-95, RS60-95, RS70-95, RS60-70, and RS60-110. The main outcome measures were the area surrounding the maximal rectangular amplitude, mean path length, average displacement of the center of pressure along the lateral and anterior/posterior directions, and maximal center of pressure excursion as the standing balance and lateral margin of stability as the gait stability. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two-way split-plot analysis of variance with repeated measures (with RS design as the within-subject factor and sex as the between-subject factor) and the Bonferroni post hoc test (α = .05).ResultsRegarding the mean path length, RS60-70 was significantly longer than the control shoe, and it showed a significantly increased lateral margin of stability. Thus, RS60-70 was shown to affect standing balance, limit of stability, and gait stability of the frontal plane during gait.SignificanceThese results suggest that the apex angle of the RS design feature affects standing balance and gait stability, and RS60-70 is detrimental to stability. Therefore, when RS with a small apex angle is prescribed, it is necessary to consider the patient’s balance ability.     

Structural vertebral changes in the horizontal plane in idiopathic scoliosis and the long-term corrective effect of spine instrumentation

Summary The rotation and structural changes of the apex vertebra in the horizontal plane as well as of the thoracic cage deformity were quantified by measurements on computed tomography (CT) scans from patients with right convex thoracic idiopathic scoliosis (IS). The CT scans were obtained from 12 patients with moderate scoliosis (mean Cobb angle 25.8°, r 13°–30°) and from 33 with severe scoliosis (mean Cobb angle 46.2°, r 35°–71°). In addition, CT scans of thoracic vertebrae from 15 patients without scoliosis were used as reference material. Ten of the scoliotic cases had had Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) and posterior fusion and had entered a longitudinal study on the effect of operative correction on the re-modelling of the apical vertebra. An increasingly asymmetrical vertebral body, transverse process angle, pedicle width and canal width were found in the groups with scoliosis as compared with the reference material. Vertebral rotation and rib hump index were significantly larger in patients with early and advanced scoliosis than in normal subjects. The modelling angle of the vertebral body, the transverse process angle index and the vertebral rotation in relation to the middle axis of the thoracic cage were significantly greater in patients with severe than with moderate scoliosis. The results of this longitudinal study suggest that the structural changes of the apical vertebra regress 2 years or more after CD instrumentation.     

三种机用镍钛器械对推出根尖孔碎屑和冲洗液影响的比较

背景:根管预备过程中所产生的牙本质碎屑及冲洗液有可能被带到牙根尖周围,造成严重的术后疼痛并延缓根尖组织愈合过程。研究表明,采用机用镍钛器械主进行根管预备时的根尖碎屑产生量明显低于手用器械。目的:比较临床上常用的3种机动镍钛旋转式器械ProT aper、Pro File及K3和手动不锈钢器械K-file在根管预备时,推出根尖孔的牙本质碎屑量和冲洗液渗出量。方法:选取40颗单根管人离体牙,随机均分成4组,分别用镍钛旋转器械ProT aper、ProF ile、K3及手动不锈钢器械K-file进行根管预备,预备后每颗样本牙用等量的冲洗液冲洗根管,收集预备过程中从根尖孔推出的碎屑和液体,电子秤测得推出根尖孔的液体和碎屑的质量。结果与结论:K-file组所产生的根尖推出碎屑量及冲洗液渗出量最多,多于镍钛旋转器械3组(P<0.05);K3组根尖推出碎屑量最少,但3种机动镍钛器械根尖推出碎屑量组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);K3组冲洗液渗出量明显少于ProT aper及Pro File组(P<0.05),后两组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。K-file组所产生的冲洗液渗出量与根尖推出碎屑量呈正相关(P<0.05),机用镍钛器械3组中冲洗液与根尖推出碎屑量无明显相关性。说明在临床上进行根管预备时尽量选用机用镍钛器械。     

RAYPEX?6根测仪在根管治疗中的临床应用分析

目的：评价RAYPEX?6根测仪在根尖定位与根管工作长度测量的准确性。方法：将根管治疗的患牙540颗、1496个根管随机分为两组,分别使用RAYPEX?6根测仪和X线片法进行根尖定位、测量根管工作长度,通过充填后的X线片评估根管充填效果,比较两种方法的差异。结果：使用RAYPEX?6根测仪的根管充填恰充率明显高于使用X线片法的根管充填恰充率（P＜0．05）。结论：RAYPEX?6根测仪能准确地进行根尖定位、测量根管工作长度,操作简便,能提高根管治疗的疗效。     

滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣修复鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损的疗效分析

目的：探讨应用滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣同时修复鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损的临床疗效及治疗经验。方法：选取2008年9月-2013年2月本院收治的5例同时存在鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损的患者,均采用滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣修复。手术分2期进行：Ⅰ期行皮肤扩张器置入额部帽状腱膜及额肌下扩张充足的皮肤软组织;Ⅱ期设计滑车上动脉额部三叶瓣转移修复鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损。结果：本组5例滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣全部存活,随访4-12个月,平均随访8个月,鼻外形、功能良好,皮瓣色泽、质地与周围皮肤基本一致。结论：滑车上动脉蒂额部三叶瓣能同时修复鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损,修复后鼻外形、功能良好,疗效可靠,是治疗同时存在鼻尖鼻翼及鼻小柱缺损较理想的方法。     

Accuracy of the Dentaport ZX apex locator for working length determination when retreating molar root canals

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Dentaport ZX apex locator for working length determination during root canal retreatment of mandibular molars. Fifteen extracted mandibular first molars with separate mesial canals and apical foraminae and one distal canal were selected. The mesiobuccal and distal canals were investigated; the length with the file tip at the major diameter was defined as the tooth length (TL). The canals were prepared with ProTaper files to 1 mm short of this and filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer. One week later, the root fillings were removed using ProTaper retreatment files. Tooth length was remeasured and recorded as the retreatment tooth length (RTL). Then electronic measurements were taken at the major (electronic apex locator (EAL) major) and minor (EAL minor) foraminae as suggested by the instrument display. These lengths were compared with RTL and measurements 0.5 and 1 mm short of this distance. For both canals, no significant difference was found between RTL and EAL major, and 0.5 mm short of RTL and EAL minor (P > 0.05). There were significant differences found between all other readings. The Dentaport ZX could not detect the minor foramen accurately but was able to indicate the major foramen in molars undergoing a root canal retreatment procedure.     

根尖定位仪ProPexⅡ测量乳牙工作长度准确性的临床研究

目的：评估根尖定位仪ProPexⅡ测量乳牙工作长度的准确性。方法：本研究选择需拔牙的患儿32名,总共37颗乳牙,共计48个根管,其中牙根完整者22个,牙根发生不同程度吸收者26个,在口内用定位仪ProPexⅡ测量工作长度（EL）,然后拔除患牙,体外在显微镜下用游标卡尺及15号K锉测量每个根管的实际长度（AL）,两值均测量3次,取平均值,并将EL与AL相比较,采用SPSS13.0统计数据。结果：对于无根吸收的根管,PropexⅡ在AL±0.5mm范围内的准确率为77.27%,在AL±1mm范围内的准确率为95.45%,伴有根吸收者则分别为61.54%及88.46%,若不考虑牙根有无吸收EL和AL无统计学差异（P=0.359）。结论：ProPexⅡ根尖定位仪测定乳牙工作长度准确率较高,不论乳牙有无根吸收均建议使用定位仪ProPexⅡ确定工作长度,以提高根管充填质量,延长乳牙行使功能的时间。