Paracentral Corneal Dellen： A Rare Sign of Graves Ophthalmopathy

Purpose:To report a rare sign, paracentral corneal dellen that developed in a middleaged female patient with Graves ophthalmopathy.Methods:A paracentral corneal dellen developed in the left eye in a 42-year-old woman who was diagnosed as Graves ophthalmopathy. The patient had remarkable upper eyelid retraction, upper eyelid lag and upward motility restriction. The Graves ophthalmopathy was classified as Grade Ⅳ according to NOSPECS classification.Results:Local artificial tear film and 0.3％ Tobramycin eye drops were administered to both eyes.Twenty-four hours later, the left corneal dellen disappeared.Conclusions:Graves ophthalmopathy can lead to paracentral corneal dellen because of severe upper eyelid retraction and upward motility restriction of the eye in spite of the lack of lagophthalmos. Artificial tear drop and antibiotic eye drop therapy helped even though the patient did not have corneal exposure. Eye Science 2003;19:174-175.     

99mTc-depreotide生长抑素受体显像的临床应用研究

生长抑素受体显像近年来研究较多，depreotide已成为其研究热点之一。Depreotide在诊断与鉴别诊断临床常见的孤立性肺结节方面有其独特优势；此外，^99mTc—depreotide生长抑素受体显像在乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、淋巴瘤等肿瘤及甲状腺相关性眼病等非肿瘤性疾病也有一定应用前景。     

T cell responses to orbital antigens in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is most likely to be a T cell-mediated disease, in which cytokines released in the extraocular muscles activate fibroblasts, increasing glycosaminoglycan production. The nature of the orbital antigen recognized by the infiltrating T cells is unclear, although it is possible that there is cross-reactivity between this and a thyroid autoantigen to explain the close association with thyroid autoimmunity. We have tested the ability of human and porcine eye muscle antigen preparations to stimulate proliferation of circulating T cells from healthy subjects and patients with TAO or Graves' disease without clinical TAO. Occasional responses were seen, particularly after depletion of CD8+ T cells, and two out of 10 TAO patients responded to eye muscle proteins of 25-50 kD after fractionation of antigens on gels and subsequent elution. There was no disease-specific response of T cells to R1, R14, D1 and 1D3, recombinant proteins identified from screening an eye muscle cDNA library with sera from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. We have also found that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by T cells from TAO patients was not stimulated by eye muscle membrane antigens or by 1D3. These results suggest that the frequency of circulating T cells responding to eye muscle antigens in TAO is low, and that several candidate orbital antigens, including the 64-kD protein 1D3, are unlikely to be important T cell autoantigens in this condition.     

Elevated expression in situ of selectin and immunoglobulin superfamily type adhesion molecules in retroocular connective tissues from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Activation of certain adhesion molecules within vascular endothelium and the surrounding extravascular space is a critical event in the recruitment and targeting of an inflammatory response or autoimmune attack to a particular tissue site. We have recently demonstrated that the adhesion of lymphocytes to cultured retroocular fibroblasts obtained from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is mediated predominantly by the interaction of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), expressed on lymphocytes, with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), expressed by these cells following exposure to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1 alpha or purified thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. We now report the expression and localization in situ of several adhesion molecules, ICAM-1, endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and LFA-3 in retroocular tissues derived from patients with severe GO (n = 4) and normal individuals (n = 3). Serial cryostat sections of tissue specimens were processed for immunoperoxidase staining using various MoAbs against ICAM-1, ELAM-1, VCAM-1 and LFA-3. In addition, consecutive sections were stained with MoAbs against LFA-1, CD45RO (UCHL-1)DR-human leucocyte antigen (HLA-DR), CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), and CD11c/CD18 (p150,95). In GO-retroocular tissues, strong immunoreactivity for ICAM-1 and LFA-3 was detected in blood vessels (> 90%), in perimysial fibroblasts surrounding extraocular muscle fibres, and in connective tissue distinct from extraocular muscle. No ICAM-1 or LFA-3 immunoreactivity was present in extraocular muscle cells themselves. ICAM-1 and LFA-3 immunoreactivity in normal tissues was minimal or absent both in connective and muscle tissues. Vascular endothelium was strongly positive for ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 in GO-retroocular tissues, while VCAM-1 immunoreactivity was minimal (< 5% of blood vessels) and ELAM-1 immunoreactivity was generally absent in normal retroocular tissue. LFA-1-expressing, activated mononuclear cells and memory T lymphocytes (CD3+/CD45RO+) were only detected in GO-retrocular tissues, and were mainly localized around blood vessels and in areas of ICAM-1-expressing connective and perimysial tissue. HLA-DR expression was restricted to GO-tissue specimens, with strong immunoreactivity detected in blood vessels, macrophages and connective tissue and perimysial fibroblasts. No HLA-DR was detectable in extraocular muscle cells. In conclusion, infiltration of the orbit in GO by mononuclear cells, and their targeting within the orbit, may depend upon the coordinate expression of certain adhesion and MHC molecules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

高三尖杉酯碱对人眼球后成纤维细胞增殖的影响

为探讨高三尖杉酯碱对人眼球后成纤维细胞 (HROF) )增殖的影响 ,采用体外培养人眼球后成纤维细胞 ,用 MTT比色法测定人眼球后成纤维细胞的增殖程度 ,并观察高三尖杉酯碱对 HROFb生长和增殖的影响。结果显示 :MTT比色法能精确反映 HROFb的增殖程度 ,所测光吸收值与细胞数目成正相关 (r=0 .996 ,P<0 .0 0 1 )。高三尖杉酯碱可抑制 HROFb的增殖 ,细胞抑制率与高三尖杉酯碱浓度呈显著正相关 (r=0 .6 932 ,P<0 .0 0 1 )     

固视野检查对甲状腺相关眼病眼外肌功能的测量分析

目的:探讨固视野检查对甲状腺相关眼病眼外肌功能测定的临床应用。方法:用视野弧计对甲状腺相关眼病患者进行固视野检查。结果:眼球运动不足为-4时,固视野在0°-15°之间:眼球运动不足为-3时,固视野在18°～28°之间;眼球运动不足为-2时,固视野在28°-38°之间;眼球运动不足为-1时,固视野在40°～43°之间;眼球运动正常时,固视野为45°～50°。结论:固视野检查对甲状腺相关眼病患者能准确而直观地显示各个方向眼球活动受限程度。     

99mTc-DTPA眼眶SPECT/CT对甲状腺相关性眼病泪腺炎症的评估价值

目的：探讨99m锝-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(99mTc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid,99mTc-DTPA)单光子发射型计算机断层显像/计算机断层扫描(single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography,SPECT/CT)在甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)患者泪腺炎症中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析58例TAO患者的临床资料,根据临床活动评分(clinical active score,CAS)标准分为活动期组和非活动期组,同时选取影像学表现阴性的12例为对照组。所有患者行99mTc-DTPA眼眶SPECT/CT,分别在横断面、冠状面图像上测量泪腺横径、长径、体积,勾画泪腺与枕叶脑组织的感兴趣区,测量放射性计数平均值,计算靶/非靶比值(target/non-target ratio,T/NT),比较3组间泪腺参数的差异,并评价各参数对TAO活动性的诊断效能。结果：与对照组比较,除TAO非活动期组冠状面长径和T/NT值外,TAO患者各泪腺参数均明显增长或增高(P<0.05);与非活动组比较,除横断面和冠状面长径外,活动期组其余参数均明显增长或增高(P<0.05);除冠状面长径外,TAO患者泪腺参数均与CAS呈正相关,以横断面T/NT最大值的诊断效能最优(曲线下面积为0.82,P<0.01)。结论：99mTc-DTPA 眼眶SPECT/CT作为一种无创性影像学方法,有助于评估TAO患者泪腺炎症程度及临床活动期分期。     

Long-term improvement of clinical symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients suffered from endocrine ophthalmopathy and orbital complications of rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Background: Rhinosinusitis may cause serious complications, such as secondary orbital infections, resulting in expansion and erosion of process through the orbital wall.

Aims: The aim is to evaluate long-term outcome of ESS in patients suffered from endocrine ophthalmopathy and orbital complications of rhinosinusitis.

Material and methods: Thirteen patients with loss of vision, endocrine ophthalmopathy and orbital complication of rhinosinusitis were treated by ESS. Preoperative and postoperative vision was rated by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing. Nine (69%) have been reinvestigated after 6?years by ophthalmology examination and 10-point scale for assessment of clinical symptoms.

Results: The mean BCVA significantly increased after surgery comparing to results before surgery (0.84, 0.62; respectively) (p?=?.007). The mean values of 10-point scale for subjective assessment of symptoms 6?years after surgery were: headache 2.11, sinonasal pressure 1.72, subjective estimation of vision quality on the affected eye was 7.33 and olfaction 7.66. None of the patients developed impairment of vision loss in postoperative period.

Conclusions: Long-term outcome of ESS showed decreased symptoms in patients who had endocrine ophthalmopathy and orbital complication of rhinosinusitis.

Significance: ESS has numerous advantages for patients with orbital complication and vision loss comparing to conservative treatment and should be considered even in abscess absence.