全文获取类型
收费全文 | 177篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
基础医学 | 131篇 |
临床医学 | 8篇 |
内科学 | 9篇 |
神经病学 | 1篇 |
特种医学 | 10篇 |
综合类 | 19篇 |
预防医学 | 3篇 |
药学 | 14篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 5篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 4篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 1篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有201条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
Brett Charlton Joseph Meltzer C. Garrison Fathman 《European journal of immunology》1994,24(7):1706-1709
Single-positive thymocytes are the immediate precursors of peripheral recent thymic emigrants (RTE) which develop into mature peripheral T cells. The functional ability of RTE is unclear but their state of differentiation may be relevant to the development of tolerance to peripheral “self” antigens. Since RTE are difficult to analyze, precursor CD4+/8− thymocytes were assessed in a model in vivo to determine their functional capability and their susceptibility to tolerance induction. The ability of both heat-stable antigen-positive (HSA+) (immature) and HSA− (mature) single-positive thymocytes to cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) across non-major histocompatibility complex differences was examined. Both HSA− and HSA+ CD4+/8− thymocytes from C3H mice caused lethal GVHD in AKR recipients as did CD4+ peripheral T cells in controls. Further, neonatal C3H thymocytes also caused lethal GVHD in AKR recipients. Since CD4+/8− thymocytes are the precursors of RTE, these results suggest that RTE are not susceptible to tolerance induction to “minor” antigens and may have a normal immune function in vivo. This would suggest that peripheral tolerance may be dependent upon the manner of antigen presentation rather than T cell maturity. 相似文献
2.
Wojciech Swat Harald Von Boehmer Pawel Kisielow 《European journal of immunology》1994,24(4):1010-1012
To evaluate directly the developmental potential of cortical CD4+8+ thymocytes, highly purified populations of small, nondividing CD4+8+TCRlow and large, dividing CD4+8+TCRhigh thymocytes from H-2d mice expressing a transgenic T cell receptor restricted by H-2Db (major histocompatibility complex class I) molecules were transferred into the thymus of normal, nonirradiated H-2b recipient mice. The results show that both populations generate CD4?8+ thymocytes under these conditions, thus providing conclusive evidence that small cortical thymocytes do not represent a “dead end” but an important intermediate stage in T cell development. 相似文献
3.
Changes in the weight and mitotic index in the thymus cortex of Wistar rats were studied during hypokinesia for 10 days followed by recovery for the same period. The mitotic index was reduced by half, 24 h after immobilization of the animals. During readaptation a stage of secondary stress (when the mitotic index was reduced by 71%) was followed by a stage of true readaptation after 10 days.Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 10, pp. 480–482, October, 1979. 相似文献
4.
Miodrag ?oli? Vesna Ili? Milo? D. Pavlovi? Takuya Tamatani Masayuki Miyasaka 《Clinical & developmental immunology》1996,5(1):37-51
The effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to cell-surface molecules, divalent cations,
and various cell-signaling and metabolic inhibitors on the binding of thymocytes to rat
thymic dendritic cells (TDC) were studied using a rosette assay. It was found that TDC/thymocyte adhesion was stronger and faster at 37°C than at 4°C. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that bound thymocytes were predominantly CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD8-, but in comparison to the phenotype of whole thymocytes, they were enriched in the mature
TCRαβhi subset. The binding of thymocytes to TDC at 37°C was almost completely
dependent on Ca2+ and Mg2+ and partly on an intact cytoskeleton and calmodulin-dependent
protein kinase. The adhesion was independent of new protein synthesis and the activities of protein kinases A and C, tyrosine kinases, as well as phosphotyrosine protein phosphatases. The TDC/thymocyte adhesion at 37°C was partly blocked by anti-LFA-1
(WT.1), anti-CD18 (WT.3), and anti-ICAM-1 (1A29) mAb. MAbs to class II MHC (OX-3 and OX-6), CD4 (W3/25), CD8 (OX-8), and αβTCR (R73) stimulated the adhesion via an LFA-1-dependent pathway, whereas an anti-CD45 mAb (G3C5) stimulated the rosette formation
independently of LFA-1. MAbs to CD2 (OX-34), CD11b (ED7), CD11b/c (OX-42), and class I MHC (OX-18) were without significant effects on the adhesion process. 相似文献
5.
Although expression of the Jak3 tyrosine kinase in T lymphocytes has been thought to be restricted to mature, activated cells, mutations of Jak3 can lead to the development of a human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) characterized by an absence of peripheral T lymphocytes. We therefore examined in detail the expression of Jak3 throughout human T cell differentiation and show that Jak3 is in fact present throughout the entire developmental process, with high levels expressed in thymocytes. Jak3 is highly expressed in double negative (CD4−CD8−) cells, one of the earliest stages of thymocyte differentiation, and can be activated via the IL-7 receptor. IL-7 is known to stimulate thymocyte proliferation and initiate re-arrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) β gene, suggesting that the failure of mutated Jak3 proteins to transduce this signal may be responsible for failures in T cell development. While Jak3 SCID patients possess mature peripheral B cells, we demonstrate that the Jak3 tyrosine kinase is also expressed in human pre-B cells and can be activated by the pre-B cell growth factor IL-7. 相似文献
6.
T. A. Bogush E. P. Baranov S. V. Egudina N. I. Tankovich 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1992,113(6):853-855
Research Institute of Experimental Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors, Oncologic Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. Troitsk Branch, I.V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, Moscow Region. (Presented by Academician of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences, N. N. Trapeznikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 6, pp. 636–638, June, 1992. 相似文献
7.
The high affinity form of the human IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) has two known components, the IL-2R alpha (p55) and the IL-2R beta chain (p75). We have previously shown that recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) could induce the expression of the alpha-chain (p55) on T cells and thymocytes, and increase this expression following suboptimal activation with concanavalin A (Con A) in combination with IL-2. An increase in the accumulation of IL-2R alpha-specific mRNA induced by rIL-2 in T cells and thymocytes had also been documented. We report here that the expression of IL-2R beta on the cell surface can be demonstrated on human thymocytes by the binding of Mik beta1, a MoAb directed against an epitope of the beta-chain. The IL-2R beta chain is constitutively expressed on freshly isolated thymocytes; this expression can be increased in thymocytes activated with Con A in combination with IL-2 or tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Blocking the formation of high affinity receptors with a MoAb directed against the alpha-chain of the receptor results in an increase in the display of IL-2R beta as evidenced by binding of MoAb Mik beta1. The accumulation of IL-2R-beta-specific mRNA is observed in freshly isolated thymocytes and it is increased in thymocytes cultured with rIL-2 alone, with Con A, and further enhanced by the addition of rIL-2 in combination with Con A or with TPA. Cyclosporine (CsA), which inhibits the accumulation of lymphokine-specific mRNA of thymocytes, does not inhibit the induction of the accumulation of IL-2R beta-specific mRNA. This is analogous to its effect on the expression of the alpha-chain (p55), and the accumulation of alpha-chain-specific mRNA. 相似文献
8.
In this study we have investigated the capacity of human fetalthymocytes to differentiate in vitro into subsets of T cellswith polarized Th1 or Th2 cytokine profiles. Stimulation offreshly isolated human fetal thymocytes with anti-CD3 mAb, cross-linkedonto CD32,CD58,CD80-expressing mouse fibroblasts and subsequentculture in the presence of exogenous rIL-2 for 6 days, inducedthe production of both IL-4 and IFN-, which was mainly producedby CD4+ single-positive (SP) and CD8+ SP cells respectively.Addition of rIL-4 during priming augmented IL-4 production incultures of human fetal thymocytes, which was mainly due toan increased production of IL-4 by CD8SP cells. In contrast,addition of IL-4 to the cultures only slightly enhanced IL-4production and had little effect on frequencies of IL-4-producingCD4SP cells. Both CD4SP and CD8SP cells produced IL-5, IL-10and IL-13 at comparable levels, following priming in the presenceof rIL-4. Priming in the presence of rIL-12 strongly enhancedthe production of IFN- in both CD4SP and CD8SP cells. No correlationbetween expression of CD27, CD30 and CD60, and a particularcytokine profile of differentiated thymocytes could be demonstrated.Together, these results demonstrate the full capacity of fetalhuman thymocytes to differentiate into cytokine-producing Tcells in a priming milieu with appropriate stimulatory moleculesand exogenous cytokines. In addition, CD4SP thymocytes rapidlydifferentiate into polarized Th2 cells following stimulationin vitro in the absence of exogenous rIL-4. 相似文献
9.
Claude Penit Bruno Lucas Florence Vasseur Theresa Rieker Richard L. Boyd 《Clinical & developmental immunology》1996,5(1):25-36
The development of thymocyte subsets and of the thymic epithelium in SCID and RAG-2-/– mice was monitored after normal bone-marrow-cell transfer. The kinetics of thymic
reconstitution and their relationships with cell proliferation were investigated by using
bromodeoxyuridine to detect DNA-synthesizing cells among lymphoid cells by 3-color
flow cytometry, and in epithelial compartments by staining frozen sections. Thymocytes
started to express CD8 and CD4 10 days after transfer, simultaneously with extensive proliferation.
The first mature CD4+ single-positive cells were generated, from resting CD4+CD8+
cells after day 15. During this day 10–15 period, many epithelial cells positive for cortexspecific
or panepithelial markers were labeled with BrdUrd after pulse-injection. Organized
medullary epithelium also developed after day,15, that is, synchronously with the
appearance of mature thymocytes, but medullary cells were never found BrdUrd+. These
results suggest that, in these models, the reconstitution of the thymic epithelial network
proceeds through expansion of preexisting cortical or undifferentiated cells and by later
maturation (acquisition of specific markers) of medullary cells. This last process is dependent
of the presence of mature thymocytes. 相似文献
10.