习得性口吃患者的临床心理治疗个案报告

目的分析习得性口吃患者口吃形成的心理机制,探讨运用元认知干预技术治疗习得性口吃的方法和步骤,为口吃问题的临床治疗提供借鉴。方法采用观察法、访谈法、认知疗法及行为疗法中的放松训练,并结合元认知行为干预技术中情感组织者技术对一名习得性口吃患者进行心理咨询与治疗。结果习得性口吃患者认识到口吃发生的心理机制,在没有使用任何辅助药物的情况下,通过元认知干预技术和5次放松训练,患者口吃问题已经基本消除。结论元认知干预技术治疗习得性口吃临床效果显著,适合于普遍推广和使用。     

The Lidcombe Program and child language development: Long-term assessment

This study was driven by the need to understand the mechanisms underlying Lidcombe Program treatment efficacy. The aim of the present study was to extend existing data exploring whether stuttering reductions observed when children successfully treated with the Lidcombe Program are associated with restricted language development. Audio recordings of 10-min parent–child conversations at home were transcribed verbatim for 11 pre-school-age children with various stuttering severities. Language samples from three assessments—pre-treatment, 9 and 18 months after beginning treatment—were analysed using SALT software for lexical diversity, utterance length and sentence complexity. At 18 months posttreatment commencement, the children had attained and maintained statistically significant stuttering reductions. During that period, there was no evidence that Lidcombe Program treatment was associated with restricted language development. The continued search for the mechanisms underlying this successful treatment needs to focus on other domains.     

Stuttering in relation to the morphophonemics of Kannada

The present study investigated the effect of certain unique morphophonemic features of Kannada words on the rate of stutters in a group of 22 adolescent and adult persons who stuttered in an oral reading task. A linear regression analysis showed that word length ranging from 1 to 8 syllables was a potent variable in the occurrence of stutters accounting for 25.3% of stutters. A composite index of morphophonemic complexity with points assigned for sandhi, geminates, consonant clusters, and number of morphemes accounted for a small 7.5% variability in observed stutter rates. Sandhi words and the hybrid content-function words were no more effective than other words in determining stutter rates. Results are discussed in relation to past findings for other languages and current neurolinguistic models of speech production.     

Investigation into stutter ratio variance

The number of criminal cases involving Turkish juveniles has increased in recent years. To date, there is no method for chronological age estimation according to third-molar mineralization in Western Turkish children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the mandibular third molar development according to the eight stages (A–H) of the Demirjian method and to compare third-molar development according to gender and age with previous data. The digital orthopantomograms of 1120 white Turkish children (406 boys, mean age 15.17 ± 3.80 years, and 714 girls, mean age 16.83 ± 3.59 years) aged 7 to 22 years, from the Western Anatolia region were retrospectively reviewed. The Turkish population reached stage H at a mean age of 20 years in both genders. Dental mineralization in Western Turkish children was delayed at stages D–G but advanced at stage H compared with that in Turkish children in other regions. Third molar root development can reliably estimate the mean age and age range for a juvenile of unknown chronological age, especially compared with the standard deviation obtained using other techniques for calculating the skeletal age of the hand-wrist or long bones.     

Systematic analysis of interference due to stutter in estimating chimerism following hematopoietic cell transplantation

Stutter formed during amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs) interfere with accurate engraftment monitoring following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We describe a mathematical approach to minimize the contribution of stutter when estimating chimerism following HCT. Pretransplant DNA samples from 409 donors and recipients were used to define marker‐specific stutter cut‐off values for all makers used in the AMPF?STR Profiler Plus amplification kit. Mock chimerism samples (5, 20, and 50%) were used to evaluate the contribution of stutter in estimating chimerism. Three markers, vWA, D13S317, and D18S51, had overlapping stutter in the mock chimerism samples. Only D18S51 had stutter from a shared allele, whereas the other two markers had stutter from nonshared alleles. Without adjustment for stutter, D18S51 showed a 8, 6, and 4% difference from expected chimerism values (5, 20, and 50%) and after adjusting for laboratory‐defined marker‐specific stutter cut‐offs the corresponding difference from expected chimerism values was 1, 0, and 0%. Difference from expected chimerism values in the vWa and D13S317 markers were similar before and after adjustment of stutter. Adjustment for stutter from shared alleles may improve accuracy of estimated chimerism. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:308–313, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Slow speech rate effects on stuttering preschoolers with disordered phonology

To study the effects of clinicians’ slow rate on the speech of children who stutter with and without a concomitant phonological disorder, an A–B–A–B single case design was used with six clinician–child dyads, where B?=?Clinician’s slow speech rate model. Two boys and one girl, aged 49–54 months, stuttering with disordered phonology (S?+?DP), were compared to three boys aged 42–50 months, stuttering with normal phonology (S?+?NP). Articulation rates were measured in phones per second (pps) in clinician–child adjacent utterance pairs. The S?+?NP dyads showed improved fluency in the B condition through a larger effect size, higher mean baseline stutter reductions and lower percentages of non-overlapping data than did the S?+?DP dyads. The S?+?DP girl showed relatively improved fluency in the B condition. S?+?DP children showed no articulation rate alignment (Range: 16% decrease to a 1.2% increase), whereas S?+?NP children averaged a 20% pps rate reduction (Range: 19.6–25.4% decrease), aligning with their clinicians who averaged a 38% pps rate reduction from baseline. The S?+?DP group spoke significantly (z?=??4.63; p?SE?=?0.22 pps). Results suggest that a slow rate model alone is not effective for facilitating fluency in S?+?DP boys with time since onset of about 2 years.     

不同性别口吃患者情绪状态、人格特征及疗效研究

目的：研究不同性别口吃患者的情绪状态、人格特征、治疗效果及其相互关系，为治疗提供依据。方法：采用SAS、SDS、MMPI、EPQ、口吃程度评定表、疗效主观评价表等，测量159名口吃患者，110名正常对照。采用认知治疗、行为治疗、森田疗法、语言流畅训练等方法治疗。结果：口吃组与对照组比较，焦虑、抑郁情绪、人格特点均有显著性差异。治疗前后比较疗效显著。结论：口吃患者存在负性情绪、不良人格，应给予干预。短期、强化、整合性心理治疗治疗口吃有效。     

口吃患者人格特征与临床症状的研究

目的探讨口吃患者的情绪状态与口吃程度及其人格特征之间的相互关系,为临床治疗提供理论依据.方法应用焦虑自评量表(SAS),抑郁自评量表(SDS)、艾森克个性人格问卷(EPQ)对108例口吃患者,110名正常人,103例强迫症患者,137例抑郁性神经症患者进行测评.结果口吃组抑郁、焦虑高于正常组,低于抑郁组、强迫症组(p＜0.01).口吃患者的E分低于正常组,高于抑郁组、强迫组;N分高于正常组,低于抑郁组、强迫组(p＜0.01).E分与N分呈显著正相关.SAS、SDS得分与E分呈显著负相关.与N分呈显著正相关.SAS与SDS呈显著正相关.结论口吃患者的人格倾向于抑郁质,其负性情绪可能与人格特征有关.     

Identifying and modelling the drivers of stutter in forensic DNA profiles

This paper investigates the variables that could affect the stutter ratio (SR). Bayesian modelling techniques are used to model the distribution of the SR using the parameters identified: the locus and the longest uninterrupted sequence (LUS). The final model gives an expected estimate for the SR as well as the distribution about this estimate.