Mucosal bromodomain-containing protein 4 mediates aeroallergen-induced inflammation and remodeling

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针对S基因的siRNA或shRNA表达框对HepG2.2.15细胞中HBV基因表达和病毒复制的抑制作用比较

目的 化学合成针对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）S基因的siRNA，同时制备针对相同区段的shRNA表达框，并比较二者对HepG2．2．15细胞中HBV基因表达和病毒复制的抑制作用。方法 化学合成针对HBVS基因的带有FITC标记的siRNA，设计合成带有FTrc标记的引物，PCR扩增含有RNA聚合酶Ⅲ启动子H1序列和shRNA编码序列的表达框，并对扩增产物进行纯化，将等摩尔数siRNA和shRNA表达框分别用脂质体转染稳定表达HBV的HepG2．2．15细胞，转染1d后流式细胞仪检测转染效率，转染3d后RT-PCR检测靶基因mRNA的水平，用SDS-PAGE、Westem blot及间接免疫荧光染色检测HBsAg的表达。收集转染前和转染后1、3、5和7d的细胞培养上清，检测HBsAg水平，同时用荧光定量PCR方法检测HBV　DNA的含量。结果成功制备了针对HBVS基因的shRNA表达框，将其与等摩尔数siRNA分别转染HepG2．2．15细胞后，RT-PCR证实细胞中HBV　mRNA水平降低，SDS-PAGE、Westem blot及间接免疫荧光染色检测到HBsAg的表达受到抑制，细胞培养上清中HBsAg和HBV DNA含量下降。与siRNA相比，shRNA表达框对HBV的抑制作用虽然起效较慢，但持续时间更长。结论shRNA表达框和siRNA均可明显抑制HBV的转录和表达，与siRNA相比，shRNA表达框能够更持久地抑制靶基因的表达。     

Safety assessment of food and feed from biotechnology-derived crops employing RNA-mediated gene regulation to achieve desired traits: A scientific review

Gene expression can be modulated in plants to produce desired traits through agricultural biotechnology. Currently, biotechnology-derived crops are compared to their conventional counterparts, with safety assessments conducted on the genetic modification and the intended and unintended differences. This review proposes that this comparative safety assessment paradigm is appropriate for plants modified to express mediators of RNA-mediated gene regulation, including RNA interference (RNAi), a gene suppression mechanism that naturally occurs in plants and animals. The molecular mediators of RNAi, including long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA), small interfering RNAs (siRNA), and microRNAs (miRNA), occur naturally in foods; therefore, there is an extensive history of safe consumption. Systemic exposure following consumption of plants containing dsRNAs that mediate RNAi is limited in higher organisms by extensive degradation of ingested nucleic acids and by biological barriers to uptake and efficacy of exogenous nucleic acids. A number of mammalian RNAi studies support the concept that a large margin of safety will exist for any small fraction of RNAs that might be absorbed following consumption of foods from biotechnology-derived plants that employ RNA-mediated gene regulation. Food and feed derived from these crops utilizing RNA-based mechanisms is therefore expected to be as safe as food and feed derived through conventional plant breeding.     

A Novel KCNJ13 Nonsense Mutation and Loss of Kir7.1 Channel Function Causes Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA16)

Mutations in the KCNJ13 gene that encodes the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir7.1 cause snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration (SVD) and leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Kir7.1 controls the microenvironment between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and also contributes to the function of other organs such as uterus and brain. Heterologous expressions of the mutant channel have suggested a dominant‐negative loss of Kir7.1 function in SVD, but parallel studies in LCA16 have been lacking. Herein, we report the identification of a novel nonsense mutation in the second exon of the KCNJ13 gene that leads to a premature stop codon in association with LCA16. We have determined that the mutation results in a severe truncation of the Kir7.1 C‐terminus, alters protein localization, and disrupts potassium currents. Coexpression of the mutant and wild‐type channel has no negative influence on the wild‐type channel function, consistent with the normal clinical phenotype of carrier individuals. By suppressing Kir7.1 function in mice, we were able to reproduce the severe LCA electroretinogram phenotype. Thus, we have extended the observation that Kir7.1 mutations are associated with vision disorders to include novel insights into the molecular mechanism of disease pathobiology in LCA16.     

RNA interference targeting enhancer of polycomb1 exerts anti-tumor effects in lung cancer

Background and aim: Lung cancer is one of leading malignant tumor worldwide with a high mortality rate. A new therapy target, enhancer of polycomb1 (EPC1) knocked down by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference technology, for lung cancer was established to investigate its effects on lung cancer in present study. Methods: RNA interference technology was applied to down-regulate the expression of EPC1 by specific-shRNA with lentivirus vector in neoplastic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells). The survival rate and apoptosis were respectively measured by MTT and Flow Cytometry to evaluate the effects of shRNA EPC1 on cells. Mice xenografts of HCT116 cells with shRNA EPC1 were also established to assess the effect on tumor growth. The levels of AKT and p65 were detected by western blotting. Results: The down-regulation of EPC1 by specific-shRNA with lentivirus vector was significantly decreased the survival rate and apoptosis of A549 cells, and the tumors in EPC1 shRNA transfection group had a significant lower size and weight compared with the ones with control shRNA. The protein expression of p-AKT and p65 was reduced by EPC1 shRNA in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Conclusion: Silencing EPC1 by shRNA technology had the inhibition effects on cell proliferation and tumor growth in lung cancer, which provided a new potential target for treatment of cancers.     

Targeting 13-secretase with RNAi in neural stem cells for Alzheimer＇s disease therapy

There are several major pathological changes in Alzheimer＇s disease, including apoptosis of cho- linergic neurons, overactivity or overexpression of 13-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 （BACE1） and inflammation. In this study, we synthesized a 19-nt oligonucleotide targeting BACE1, the key enzyme in amyloid beta protein （AI3） production, and introduced it into the pSilenCircle vector to construct a short hairpin （shRNA） expression plasmid against the BACE1 gene. We transfected this vector into C17.2 neural stem cells and primary neural stem cells, resulting in downregulation of the BACE1 gene, which in turn induced a considerable reduction in reducing AI3 protein production. We anticipate that this technique combining cell transplantation and gene ther- apy will open up novel therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer＇s disease, particularly because it can be used to simultaneously target several pathogenetic changes in the disease.     

Ech1基因表达下调对小鼠肝癌细胞株Hca-F黏附能力的影响

目的 在蛋白质水平检测Ech1在小鼠肝癌高低淋巴道转移Hca-F细胞/Hca-P细胞中的表达及其对Hca-F细胞黏附能力的影响. 方法 采用荧光差异双向凝胶电泳(2D DIGE)和质谱技术定量分析鉴定Ech1在Hca-F细胞和Hca-P细胞中的表达;构建pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-Ech1质粒,稳定转染至Hca-F细胞中,并通过实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot验证Echl表达下调效果;检测Ech1基因表达下调后对细胞外基质和淋巴结的黏附能力.各组细胞间的差异采用单因素方差分析.结果 Ech1在Hca-F细胞的表达明显高于其在Hca-P细胞表达;Ech1表达下调细胞株构建成功;Ech1基因表达下调后,降低Hca-F细胞对细胞外基质纤维连接蛋白和Ⅰ型胶原成分的黏附能力,降低其对体内淋巴结的黏附能力.Hca-F组与pGPU 6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-Fch1组黏附吸光度值的差异有统计学意义,层黏连蛋白和Ⅰ型胶原吸光度值分别为1.42±0.26和1.14±0.07与1.01±0.27和0.90±0.09,P值均＜0.05.结论 抑制Ech1基因和蛋白的表达,可以降低小鼠肝癌细胞株Hca-F细胞的黏附能力.