Principles of pressure transducer function and sources of error in clinical use

The invasive measurement of physiological pressures is a common requirement in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine. From arterial blood pressure to intracranial pressure, these calculated variables give a swift graphical and numerical representation of a patient's current physiological status. This allows us to respond rapidly to conditions outside our preferred parameters and to carefully titrate treatment to target effects. These systems are, however, not infallible. An understanding of the principles of their function will promote appropriate use and an ability to recognize and react to sources of error. This article aims to furnish the reader with this level of understanding in order to inform their academic and clinical practice.     

拆方研究补中益气汤中黄芪 甘草及全方的免疫调节作用

目的　检测补中益气汤中黄芪、甘草及全方对病态机体的免疫调节作用。方法　分 7组检测全方中黄芪、甘草及全方缺黄芪、缺甘草组方对利血平制备的脾虚小鼠的 5项非特异性免疫功能的影响进行研究。结果　黄芪能使Hb明显升高 ,单味甘草对某些免疫功能不起作用甚至起抑制作用 ,缺甘草组方作用低于全方 ,全方能明显提高机体免疫功能。结论　黄芪是方中主要升高Hb药物 ;方中甘草起到特殊的调节作用。     

The levels of plasma and salivary antioxidants in the patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

BACKGROUND: Despite plenty of research, the cause of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains obscure. It has been proposed that, the aetiological factors such as local trauma, smoking, vitamin deficiencies and viral infections lead to aphthae formation via final common pathway based on increased oxidative stress. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) alterations in plasma and saliva, and in addition uric acid (UA) in saliva, in patients with RAS and healthy controls. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with RAS and 30 healthy controls were included into the study. The SOD, CAT, GSHPx and UA levels were measured in plasma and saliva in study and control groups. RESULTS: In the RAS group, although the mean SOD (P<0.001) and CAT (P<0.05) levels of plasma were lower, GSHPx (P<0.001) levels were higher than control group. The salivary concentrations of the SOD (P<0.001), CAT (P<0.05) and GSHPx (P<0.001) in RAS group were entirely opposite to plasma concentrations. UA were not significant between RAS group and controls. CONCLUSION: Since we found salivary SOD and CAT levels were high whereas plasma levels were low, it has been thought that, salivary defence mechanisms via antioxidant agents may be stimulated against to the ulcerous lesion. We consider that the organism might mobilize the antioxidant potential to the sites where they were needed. At this point, decrease of SOD and CAT levels in the plasma may be related to this shift. It is also thought that GSHPx secretion in the saliva may also be increased but the increase in its turnover may be responsible for the diminished activity.     

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: manifestations, natural history and management

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare pathological condition characterized by a marked derangement of gut propulsive motility mimicking mechanical obstruction, in the absence of any lesion occluding the gut lumen. This disease is often associated with a disabling and potentially life-threatening complications and is still too often unrecognized even in referral centres. As a result, patients receive neither appropriate care nor recognition of their severe health condition. Medical and surgical therapies are often unsatisfactory and long-term outcome turns out to be poor in the vast majority of cases. This article focuses on the main clinical features, the management and long-term outcome of patients affected by CIPO, with particular emphasis on those aspects which remain a matter of debate.     

新型经皮渗透促进剂的研究进展

介绍国内外近年来报道的新型经皮渗透促进剂的研究与开发进展,重点介绍若干具代表性的新合成的化合物以及新发现的天然产物,包括内酰胺类、糖苷类、氨基酸衍生物、聚合物、挥发油和酶类等,为合成和发现更加安全、高效的促渗剂提供线索.     

天然药物中硒的正交设计石墨炉原子吸收测定

目的:建立天然药物中硒的含量测定方法。方法:应用正交设计法优化石墨炉原子吸收光谱硒的分析条件,特别是混合基体改进剂和石墨炉工作参数的选择。结果:线性范围为5～100ng/ml,相关系数r=0.9994,相对标准偏差RSD<10％,用国家标准物质检验本方法,准确度和精密度良好。结论:本方法适合天然药物中硒的测定     

肺结核病人红细胞免疫功能及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

①目的探讨红细胞免疫功能及Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化与肺结核的关系。②方法对４４例肺结核病人和４４例健康人的红细胞免疫功能、血清循环免疫复合物、Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、ＮＫ细胞水平的变化进行了检测，并与对照组比较。③结果肺结核病人红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（Ｅ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ），ＣＤ４，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８，ＮＫ细胞水平明显降低，ＣＤ８水平明显升高，与对照组相比，差异均有极显著意义（ｔ＝９．７６～２２．２４，Ｐ均＜０．０１）；复治组较初治组变化更明显（ｔ＝４．２７～１５．３２，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。Ｅ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ与ＣＤ４，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８，ＮＫ细胞水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０．２６９２～０．５４７９，Ｐ＜０．０５，０．０１），与ＣＤ８呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．３７４，Ｐ＜０．０１）。④结论红细胞免疫功能、Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及ＮＫ细胞的异常与肺结核的发病及病情变化有一定关系。     

天然抗氧化剂多靶点作用在防治心脑血管疾病中的研究进展

从天然抗氧化剂的多靶点作用角度阐述其防治心脑血管疾病的效应机制、研究动态，并提出存在的问题及解决思路。     

Factors influencing survival of reconstructions. Consensus report of Working Group 2

Abstract: In order to evaluate the level of evidence of factors influencing the survival of reconstructions, systematic reviews of the relevant literature were prepared by a group of rapporteurs. The review papers were circulated to the members of the group before the conference and formed the basis for group and panel discussions. Subsequently, modifications were added to the review papers, and suggestions for consensus statements concerning the following topics were prepared and again critically reviewed in the group and in the plenum: Impact of (i) periodontal disease on the survival of tooth-supported reconstructions, (ii) post-surgical factors as supportive therapy on the survival of implant supported reconstructions, (iii) technical and/or biological complications on the survival of different types of reconstructions, (iiii) material choice for reconstructions on the survival of single crowns and fixed dental prostheses.     

利用主客体分子包结现象选择分离蛇床子有效成分的方法

利用1,1,6-四苯基-2,4-已二炔-1,6-二醇(I)的包结能力,可简单而迅速地从蛇床子中选择分离出有效成分欧前胡素(2)和花椒毒素(3),收率分别为0.054%(2)和0.002%(3)。本文用UV,IR,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR验证了2和3的化学结构,并用HPLC检验了2和3的纯度。X-射线衍射晶体结构分析表明主体分子I与组分2靠氢键形成包结物,它们的摩尔比为1:2,氢键长为2.8612A。包结物晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为已P₂₁/C,晶胞参数:a=15.468(5)A,b=8.595(3)A,c=18.663(7)A,β=93.64(5)°,Z=4和R=0.088。