Biodegradable Polydioxanone Microspheres for Transcatheter Arterial Embolization: Proof of Principle

PurposeTo evaluate feasibility, embolization success, biodegradability, reperfusion, and biocompatibility of biodegradable microspheres (MS) made from polydioxanone (PDO) for transcatheter arterial embolization.Materials and MethodsUnilateral selective renal embolization of a segmental artery was performed in 16 New Zealand White rabbits with PDO-MS (100–150 μm and 90–315 μm). Animals were randomly assigned to different observation periods and underwent control digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and MR imaging immediately (n = 3), 1 week (n = 2), 4 weeks (n = 2), 8 weeks (n = 2), 12 weeks (n = 5), and 16 weeks (n = 2) after embolization. Kidneys were harvested for macroscopic and histologic analysis of embolization success, biodegradability, and biocompatibility.ResultsEmbolization was technically successful in 15 of 16 animals. One animal died of anesthesia-related circulatory failure. The 100–150 μm MS were injected easily through 3-F catheters; the 90–315 μm MS tended to clog with intermittent catheter obstruction. DSA and MR imaging showed successful target embolization in 13 of 15 animals. In 2 animals, the entire kidney was affected owing to catheter clogging, including a reflux of MS while flushing. Control DSA and MR imaging showed increasing vascular reperfusion with time. Macroscopic and histologic analysis revealed necrosis/infarction in areas in which embolization was achieved. MS were extensively degraded after 16 weeks, and overall inflammatory reaction was mild.ConclusionsBiodegradable PDO-MS induced effective embolization of target vessels while demonstrating good biocompatibility. MS increasingly dissolved at 16 weeks, partial reperfusion started at week 1, and complete reperfusion started at week 8, thus offering possible advantages as a temporary embolic agent.     

喉癌患者PAC-1、CD62P表达与临床病理特征和复发的关系

目的探讨喉癌患者血小板表面血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa纤维蛋白原受体(PAC-1)、血小板P-选择素(CD62P)阳性表达率以及与患者临床病理特征和复发的关系。方法选取2014年1月~2015年12月间在我院耳鼻喉科手术治疗的116例喉癌患者,随访≥2年,并选取同期在我院体检的健康人群60例为对照组,采用流式细胞仪检测法检测外周血PAC-1和CD62P阳性率,并分析与临床病理特征、复发的关系。结果喉癌患者PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率分别为(17.82±1.76)%和(22.87±3.13)%,明显高于健康人群(P<0.05);而且在喉癌患者PAC-1表达和CD62P表达呈正相关性(r=0.238,P<0.05)。T3-T4分期或N2-N3分期患者PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率高于T1-T2分期或N0-N1分期患者(P<0.05)。另外远处转移组PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率高于未发生转移组(P<0.05);随访期间有24例患者复发,复发率为20.69%。复发喉癌患者PAC-1、CD62P阳性表达率分别为(17.02±0.85)%和(21.84±1.17)%,明显高于未复发的喉癌患者(P<0.05)。经Logistics回归分析,PAC-1和CD62P是喉癌患者复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率与喉癌患者T分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移密切相关,同时可作为喉癌局部复发、区域淋巴结转移、远处转移的预测指标。     

洛沙坦对肥胖Zucker大鼠肾组织环氧化酶2表达的影响

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)1型受体拮抗剂(ARB)洛沙坦对代谢综合征(MS)肾组织环氧化酶2(COX-2)表达的影响及其机制。 方法 把7周大的MS模型肥胖Zucker大鼠随机分成洛沙坦处理组和未处理组，以瘦Zucker大鼠为对照组，连续给药4个月后观察肾组织内COX-2的表达。另外，用AngⅡ刺激6 h的系膜细胞和用从微型渗透泵灌注AngⅡ 5 d的C57BL/6小鼠肾脏提取的肾皮质，观察COX-2的表达。采用RT-PCR和Western印迹法分别检测COX-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达。 结果 洛沙坦可阻止肥胖Zucker大鼠肾组织内COX-2表达增加。AngⅡ直接刺激可以诱导系膜细胞和肾组织内COX-2表达增加。 结论 AngⅡ可以调控MS肾组织内COX-2表达增加。ARB可以通过抑制COX-2的表达保护MS肾脏，这对应用非COX-2抑制剂来保护MS肾脏具有重要的意义。     

Pineal atrophy and other neuroendocrine and circumventricular features of the naked mole-rat,heterocephalusglaber (Rüppell), a fossorial,equatorial rodent

Summary Quantitative aspects of the microanatomy of the pineal gland and other neuroendocrine and circumventricular structures were studied in a small, reproductively suppressed, female Naked Mole-rat from central Kenya, Africa. The atrophic pineal is the smallest in absolute size (0.002135 mm³) of any so far described in a species of rodent, and in size relative to body weight is second only to that of another tropical species. The subcommissural organ and posterior collicular recess are also relatively small and less well differentiated than those in most other examined rodent species. In contrast, the subfornical organ, OVLT and median eminence are large and well vascularized. It is concluded that the pineal in this species follows the previously described trend among rodents of relatively smaller size in species whose centers of distribution are in lower latitudes. Although the pineal is atrophic, the Naked Mole-rat still exhibits 24-hour and seasonally timed patterns of behavior and seasonal reproduction. However, in this species these events are probably cued by moisture, temperature and social factors rather than by photic information.     

糖尿病雄性大鼠性腺5α-还原酶Ⅱ型活性变化

目的 :探讨大鼠青春期和成年期糖尿病时性腺 5α 还原酶Ⅱ型的活性变化。　方法 :取 4 0d和 90d龄雄性Wistar大鼠各 30只 ,分别分为对照组 (C)、糖尿病组 (D)和胰岛素治疗糖尿病组 (ID)。采用薄层层析法测定各组附睾头、附睾尾、前列腺和睾丸组织内 5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性。　结果 :①青春期大鼠性腺的各部位内 ,5α 还原酶 Ⅱ 型的活性D组均明显低于C组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而ID组明显高于D组 (P <0 .0 1) ;②成年期大鼠性腺的各部位内 ,5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性在C、D和ID组各组间差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :青春期大鼠性腺内 5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性更易受代谢环境、激素水平及局部特异性因素的影响 ,而成年期大鼠性腺内 5α 还原酶Ⅱ 型的活性相对稳定     

AngleⅡ类错矫治的临床研究

目的 :观察联合运用功能矫治器和方丝弓矫治器治疗安氏 类错牙合患者的临床效果。方法 :以近 5年来收治的 30例安氏 类错牙合临床患者 ,平均治疗时间 1 8个月 ,治疗前后均拍摄头影测量片 ,将测量结果进行分析比较 ,评价治疗效果。结果 :儿童的上颌磨牙远中移动 ,下颌磨牙近中移动明显 ,儿童颌骨前后垂直关系显著增加。结论 :联合功能矫治器及方丝弓矫治器治疗的安氏 类错牙合有满意的疗效 ,可以相互促进改善患者的软硬组织关系     

A quantitative light and electron microscopic analysis of taurine-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord.

Taurine has been proposed as an inhibitory neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the vertebrate central nervous system. Within the spinal cord, taurine has been shown to have a direct inhibitory effect on spinal neurons and to have a selective antinociceptive effect on chemically induced nociception. Although sufficient data exists to suggest that taurine plays a neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory role in the spinal cord, it is not known whether this amino acid is present in axon terminals nor if this amino acid has a unique pattern of distribution within spinal tissue. To address these questions a monoclonal antibody against taurine was employed to localize taurine-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord by using both light and electron microscopic techniques. Taurine-like immunoreactivity was most dense and most prominent in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn. A moderate amount of immunoreactivity was also present in laminae VIII and IX and X while the remaining laminae were only lightly stained. In laminae I and II taurine-like immunostaining was evident within neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, myelinated and unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and astrocytes and their processes. Cell counts of these two laminae indicated that approximately 30% of neuronal perikarya at the C2 level, 52% of neuronal perikarya at the T6 level, and 18% of neuronal perikarya at the L2 level of the cord exhibited taurine-like immunoreactivity. With preembedding diaminobenzidine staining, approximately 20% of the axons examined in laminae I and II were found to be immunoreactive for taurine. Using postembedding immunogold staining in combination with quantitative procedures, the highest densities of gold particles were found in axon terminals containing pleomorphic vesicles and forming symmetrical synapses (36.8 particles/micron2), in a subpopulation of myelinated axons (34.2 particles/micron2), in a subpopulation of neuronal dendrites (32.6 particles/micron2), and in capillary endothelial cells (39.8 particles/micron2). Moderate labeling occurred in astrocytes (20.9 particles/micron2) and neuronal perikarya (18.7 particles/micron2). The localization of taurine to presumptive inhibitory axon terminals provides anatomical support for the hypothesis that taurine may serve an inhibitory neurotransmitter role in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. On the other hand, its localization to astrocytes and endothelial cells within both the dorsal ventral horns implies that it serves other nonneuronal functions as well.     

中枢和外周脑钠素(BNP)调节醛固酮分泌的不同作用

将BNP和AT-Ⅱ、ACTH AVP单独或BNP与这3种肽分别合并在大鼠icv或iv注入后观察血Ald浓度的变化。实验结果表明:①iv给予AVP(5μg/3ml·h~(-1))、ACTH(5μg/3ml·h~(-1))和AT-Ⅱ(5 v.g/3 ml·h(-1)),1h后均能增加血Ald的浓度。iv给予BNP(5μg/3ml·h(-1))能明显抑制AVP和ACTH的刺激作用,而不影响AT-Ⅱ的刺激作用。②icv给予BNP(2 Vg/10 pl NS)能降低血Aid浓度。icv给予AVP(2μg/10μl NS)能增加血Aid浓度,但ACTH(2μg/10μl NS)和AT-Ⅱ(2μg/10μl NS)无此种作用。但如脑室同时给予BNP(2μg/10μlNS)却可明显刺激Aid分泌。③icv注入BNP对外周注入的3种多肽的刺激作用无任何影响。从上述的实验结果可看出:脑内BNP可“反常”地增加AT-Ⅱ、ACTH和AVP对Ald分泌的刺激作用,与外周抑制AVP,ACTH的刺激作用不同。而脑内BNP不影响这3种多肽的外周刺激作用。结论是脑内BNP以其独特的方式调节Ald的分泌,控制水盐代谢。     

ELISA测定血清Ⅱ型胶原抗体对类风湿性关节炎的诊断意义

应用ELISA测定了54例类风湿性关节炎患者、99例非类风湿性关节炎患者以及100例正常人的血清Ⅱ型胶原抗体,结果阳性率分别为90.7%、0、0.54例类风湿性关节炎患者中有7例血清类风湿因子为阴性而Ⅱ型胶原抗体为阳性,且病程均在半年之内。结果表明:Ⅱ型胶原抗体的检测对类风湿性关节炎具有特异性诊断和早期诊断的临床意义。