General vaccination willingness and current vaccination status in relation to clinical and psychological variables in patients with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundInfections can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, vaccinations are of immense importance. If vaccination willingness is to be increased, possible influencing factors should be identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of active immunisation in MS patients in association with sociodemographic, clinical-neurological, psychopathological and personality variables using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.MethodFour hundred and four MS patients from two German neurological hospitals were examined for their vaccination attitudes, in detail, the general willingness to vaccinate and the current vaccination status of mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) as well as tetanus and influenza. We also looked at the current level of disability in relation to the current vaccination status, as well as possible associated personality and psychopathological variables.ResultsPatients with a complete MMR vaccination status were significantly younger and those with a complete influenza vaccination status were significantly older than those with related incomplete vaccination status. Tetanus vaccination status completeness did not differ depending on age and did not show substantial association with personality scores. However, influenza vaccination completeness was associated with differences in personality and psychopathological variables; extraversion, openness, novelty seeking, harm avoidance and anxiety. A reported general vaccination willingness was significantly correlated with the current completeness of tetanus and influenza vaccinations. Novelty seeking, persistence, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism were found associated with an increased vaccination willingness. Anxiety and depression were not related to general vaccination willingness.ConclusionsNo specific personality trait could be defined on its own in relation to general vaccination willingness or complete vaccination status. Younger patients should be made more aware of influenza vaccination. Reasons for rather low vaccination rates need to be further investigated.     

Trusting patients, trusting nurses

Abstract  The general expectation that patients should be willing to trust nurses is rarely explored or challenged despite claims of diminishing public trust in social and professional institutions. Everyday meanings of trust take account of circumstance and suggest that our understanding of what it means to trust is contextually bound. However, in the context of health care, to trust implies a particular understanding which becomes apparent when abuses of this trust are reported and acknowledged as scandals. The predominant assumption in the literature that trust is something that occurs between equally competent adults cannot explain trust in nursing precisely because of the unequal power relationships between patients on the one hand and healthcare professionals on the other. Moreover, the tendency to conflate terms such as trust, reliance, confidence and so on suggests that confusion permeates discussions of trust in nursing. In this paper, I argue in support of Annette Baier's requirement of good will (or lack of ill will) as the essential feature of trust, and outline how this account (i) enables us to make the necessary distinctions between trust on the one hand and 'trust pretenders' on the other; and (ii) lays the foundations for understanding trust in relationships, such as those between patients and nurses, where power differentials exist.     

网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿及影响因素研究

目的 探讨网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿及影响因素,为提高网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”的积极性提供参考。方法 2022年1—2月,采用便利抽样法选取广州市开展“互联网+护理服务”医院的279名网约护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、“互联网+护理服务”意愿影响因素量表和组织支持量表进行调查。结果 网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿得分(12.39±1.61),控制一般资料(职务、获得从业资格时间、居家护理服务经历)的影响后,发现感知风险、感知价值、便利条件、工具支持是网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿的影响因素(R²=0.641),可解释参与意愿变异的64.1%。结论 网约护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿处于中等偏上水平,为患者提供“互联网+护理服务”的意愿受感知风险、感知价值、便利条件和工具支持的影响。     

初二学生成就目标、自我效能及文化因素与学业求助的关系

目的：从个体和文化因素两个方面考查初二学生的学业求助特点。方法：对785名初二学生施测了成就目标量表、自我效能量表、对中国求助格言认同量表、对他人评价敏感性量表、学业求助态度和行为量表。结果：学业求助态度(求助益处与求助代价)和求助行为(工具性求助、执行性求助和回避求助)与成就目标、自我效能和文化因素有关。成就目标、自我效能和文化因素对学业求助行为的影响是以学业求助态度为中介的。结论：学业求助既受动机因素的影响，又受文化因素的影响。     

重庆市高校涉老专业学生养老服务从业意愿及影响因素研究

目的:探究高校涉老专业学生养老服务从业意愿及影响因素,为改善养老服务人才供给提供决策依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样法,通过主成分分析、相关性分析和Logistic逐步回归模型分析高校涉老专业学生养老服务从业意愿及其影响因素。结果:纳入有效样本711份,72.86%的高校涉老专业学生愿意从事养老服务行业,主成分分析和二元Logistic逐步回归结果显示,户籍属性、家庭经济状况、照顾老人经历、与祖辈关系程度、薪酬待遇、工作特征和行业环境是高校涉老专业学生养老服务从业意愿选择的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:举国家之力改善养老服务行业薪酬待遇与行业环境、合理设置岗位职责,降低工作风险、强度和压力,应成为提升涉老专业学生从业意愿的首要任务。     

“互联网+”居家养老服务需求意愿及影响因素研究

目的:以合肥市为例,基于老年人自身角度,对“互联网+”居家养老服务需求程度及影响因素进行探究方法;采用描述性统计方法探究老年人“互联网+”居家养老服务需求及接受现状;采用多元有序logistic模型从个体特征、社会环境特征、“互联网+”认知特征等三方面分析不同特征老人“互联网+”居家养老服务需求影响因素。结果:①老年人对于智能化养老需求意愿较高,但实际接受程度仍偏低。②年龄、文化程度、享受养老保险类型、“互联网+”居家养老服务认识了解程度,智能设备使用简易程度等会正向促进居家养老服务需求程度的提高。而户口所在地、当前养老现状满意程度、信息化养老服务费用等会负向影响居家养老服务需求程度的提高。结论:促进老年人生活质量进一步提高,应从增强“互联网+”居家养老服务模式普及率,尊重社区居民养老服务需求,坚持政府主导与市场融合,构建完善基础信息技术系统等方面入手。     

'If a Patient is Too Costly They Tend to Get Rid of You:' The Impact of People's Perceptions of Rationing on the Use of Primary Care

Despite the increasing focus on rationing, and rationing decisions in the NHS, little attention has been given to patient's perceptions of rationing and the potential impact this might have on people's use of services. Drawing on the qualitative findings of a study conducted in the North West of England which was concerned with the pattern and processes of primary care help seeking, this paper sets out to examine perceptions and experiences of rationing in primary care and the potential impact this has on people's use of services. In relation to primary care services people had experienced rationing by deterrence, dilution and delay. There was some evidence that perceptions of rationing impacted on help seeking and the use of primary care services. The implications for understanding the way in which perceptions of rationing might influence the formulation of demand and help seeking by people using primary care services are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Young Men,Masculinities, and Suicide

Young men constitute one of the highest risk groups for suicide in most countries. This gives reason to explore how meanings attached to masculinity can be evoked and handled when a young man takes his life. In-depth interviews with 5 to 8 informants for each of 10 suicides, as well as suicide notes, were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The suicides appeared as signature acts of compensatory masculinity with the following themes: When hope is gone, no one must know; weakness was never allowed; and suicide conducted in a way to present oneself as heroic. The handling of masculinity in triggering suicidal plans and in carrying out suicide is intrinsically connected to avoidance of help-seeking behavior.     

高校志愿者居家养老护理参与意愿的调查

目的探讨高校志愿者居家养老护理服务的参与意愿,以有效发挥高校志愿者作为居家养老护理服务主体的积极作用。方法自编高校志愿者居家养老护理参与意愿调查问卷,对470名高校志愿者进行调查。结果在生活护理中,高校志愿者对打扫卫生(77.4%)和上街购物(74.5%)的参与意愿较强;在医疗保健护理项目中,对于健康知识讲解(78.9%)的参与意愿最强;精神慰藉服务项目中,对读书读报(88.1%)和聊天解闷(82.6%)的参与意愿最强。为他人作贡献(67.0%)是高校志愿者参加居家养老护理最主要的原因。结论高校志愿者对居家养老护理的不同方面存在不同的参与意愿,应结合其参与意愿,将高校志愿者资源合理地整合到居家养老护理服务主体中,以有效促进居家养老护理事业的发展。     

Exploring the Role of Peer Advice in Self-Regulated Learning: Metacognitive,Social, and Environmental Factors

This Conversation Starters article presents a selected research abstract from the 2016 Association of American Medical Colleges Northeast Region Group on Educational Affairs annual spring meeting. The abstract is paired with the integrative commentary of three experts who shared their thoughts stimulated by the pilot study. These thoughts explore the metacognitive, social, and environmental mechanisms whereby advice plays a role in self-regulated learning.