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1.
The differences between the postprandial mixing or propulsion and the interdigestive motility of the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract are already known. Earlier studies showed dose-dependent differences in the effects of erythromycin on interdigestive
motility. The various GI side-effects (vomiting, diarrhoea) also suggest that there are different effects of erythromycin
on the GI motility. The aim of our study was to examine postprandially the propulsive effects of different doses of erythromycin
on the movement of intraluminal contents in the upper GI tract of the rat. The animals were fasted for 24 h before the experiments
but water was given freely. The rats received 1.5 ml 1.5% methylcellulose painted with 0.05% phenol-red intragastrically (test
solution). Erythromycin(E. lactobionate) was given intravenously at doses of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg 15 min before the administration of a test solution.
The animals were sacrificed 20,60 and 120 min after administration of methylcellulose, when the distance between the front
of the painted intraluminal contents and the pylorus was measured and expressed as a percentage of the total length of small
intestine. The phenol-red content in the stomach and small intestine was measured spectrophotometrically and the gastric emptying
was calculated from the ratio of the measured total and intestinal phenol-red content. Our results showed that the small doses
of erythromycin (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg) accelerated gastric emptying after 20 min but did not change significantly the propulsive
motility of upper small intestine; however, large doses of erythromycin (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) decreased gastric emptying and
upper GI motility after 20 and 60 min. In summary, the prokinetic action of small doses of erythromycin was demonstrated,
but its effecttime on GI motility is short and the ratio of the stimulating and inhibitory doses is 1:10.
This paper was presented at the Section of IUPHAR GI Pharmacology Symposium on ’Biochemical pharmacology as an approach to
gastrointestinal disorders (basic science to clinical perspectives)‘, October 12-14, 1995, Pécs, Hungary. 相似文献
2.
红霉素对犬幽门括约肌压力影响及其与胃动素,生长抑素的关系 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
为探讨红霉素对犬幽门括约肌的作用及其机理,及其与血浆胃动素,生长抑素的关系。方法采用胃压力测量仪及放射免疫法,同步监测观察了10条犬静脉滴EM前后和使用拮抗剂后的幽门压力、血浆MTL,SS的变化,结论:EM具有增高犬胃幽门压力的作用,其作用机理除与血浆MTL有着密切的关系外,血浆SS也可能共同参与了其调节机制。 相似文献
3.
A. Bryskier 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2002,8(2):65-69
The worldwide spread of erythromycin A-resistant streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae , is of concern. Many studies have demonstrated that the viridans group streptococci can be a reservoir of erythromycin A resistance. Within oral streptoccoci, an important difference in the susceptibility pattern has been noted. The purpose of this short editorial is to highlight the importance of this group of bacteria as a reservoir of resistance to erythromycin A and the possible transfer of resistance to S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. 相似文献
4.
SB Miranda† O Lupi‡ E Lucas† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2004,18(5):622-625
Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a relatively common disease although its aetiology has not yet been identified. It occurs worldwide and there is no racial susceptibility factor. It usually affects teenagers and young adults between 10 and 35 years of age. Typical PR is much easier to diagnose than the rare atypical forms. We report a rare case of vesicular PR in a black woman who had vesicular lesions limited to her palms and soles in addition to regular typical lesions. We devised an efficient oral erythromycin treatment for this patient. 相似文献
5.
Systemic contact dermatitis from erythromycin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
6.
7.
A. Stathi J. Papaparaskevas L. Zachariadou A. Pangalis N. J. Legakis A. Tseleni-Kotsovili the Hellenic Strep-EURO Study Group P. T. Tassios 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2008,14(8):808-812
Among a total of 101 isolates from the first systematic multicentre surveillance effort concerning invasive Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Greece, conducted between 2003 and 2005 and covering 38% of the population, emm types 1 and 12 were prevalent, being responsible for 27 and nine cases, respectively. The isolates from the remaining 65 cases were assigned to 26 other emm types. Erythromycin resistance (12 isolates) was primarily mef (A)-mediated, although all emm type 1 strains were susceptible. Tetracycline resistance, due mostly to tet (M), was detected in 26 isolates. Subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis yielded 50 chromosomal fingerprints, thus discriminating further among ten of the 28 observed emm types. 相似文献
8.
M. Tamm T. Todisco C. Feldman J. Garbino F. Blasi P. Hogan P. J. de Caprariis I. M. Hoepelman 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2007,13(2):162-171
This study compared patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalisation, who received initial therapy with either intravenous ceftriaxone plus intravenous azithromycin, followed by step-down to oral azithromycin (n = 135), with patients who received intravenous ceftriaxone combined with either intravenous clarithromycin or erythromycin, followed by step-down to either oral clarithromycin or erythromycin (n = 143). Clinical and bacteriological outcomes were evaluated at the end of therapy (EOT; day 12-16) or at the end of study (EOS; day 28-35). At baseline, mean APACHE II scores were 13.3 and 12.6, respectively, with >50% of patients classified as Fine Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) category IV or V. Clinical success rates (cure or improvement) in the modified intent-to-treat (MITT) population at EOT were 84.3% in the ceftriaxone/azithromycin group and 82.7% in the ceftriaxone/clarithromycin or erythromycin group. At EOS, MITT success rates (cure only) were 81.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Equivalent success rates in the clinically evaluable population were 83% and 87%, respectively, at EOT, and 79% and 78%, respectively, at EOS. MITT bacteriological eradication rates were 73.2% and 67.4%, respectively, at EOT, and 68.3% vs. 60.9%, respectively, at EOS. Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 10.7 and 12.6 days, and the mean duration of therapy was 9.5 and 10.5 days, respectively. The incidence of infusion-related adverse events was 16.3% and 25.2% (p 0.04), respectively. An intravenous-to-oral regimen of ceftriaxone/azithromycin was at least equivalent in efficacy and safety to the comparator regimen and appeared to be a suitable treatment option for hospitalised patients with CAP. 相似文献
9.
目的研究基层医院使用小剂量红霉素治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的可行性和安全性。方法将广东省江门市新会区第二人民医院收治的毛细支气管炎患儿140例,按照治疗方法分为观察组和对照组,每组各70例。两组患儿同时给予雾化吸入、吸氧、平喘、抗病毒、糖皮质激素等常规治疗,疗程10~14 d。观察组患儿入院的第1天给予红霉素,剂量为10 mg/(kg·d),静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程为5 d。对照组患儿给予等剂量的注射用5%葡萄糖液,1次/d,疗程为5 d。比较两组的治疗总有效率、住院总时间、肺部啰音的消失时间及不良反应发生率。结果观察组总有效率为95.71%,明显高于对照组的82.86%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组肺部啰音的消失时间及住院总时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿在住院期间发生皮疹、呕吐、恶心、腹泻等不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基层医院小剂量红霉素治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效好,安全性高,能促使患儿早日康复。 相似文献
10.
孕期沙眼衣原体、支原体感染治疗效果与胎儿状况相关性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究孕期沙眼衣原体,支原体感染治疗效果与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法应用免疫荧光法对600例孕妇宫颈分泌物行沙眼衣原体,支原体属抗原检测,阳性者对配偶行尿道分泌物检测,孕妇阳性者以口服红霉素治疗,观察治疗过程中,胎儿异常及低休 儿发生比较及与配遇感染的关系。 相似文献