MTT法检测雷公藤内酯醇对晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影晌

目的:研究雷公藤内酯醇对体外培养的牛晶状体上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法:取第4代对数生长期的牛晶状体上皮细胞培养24h后,加入重组人表皮生长因子(终浓度50μg/L)和不同浓度的雷公藤内酯醇(40,20,10μg/L),分别作用6,12,24,48,72h后,采用MTT法观察雷公藤内酯醇对牛晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响。结果:不同浓度的雷公藤内酯醇,于不同时间作用在处于增殖状态的LECs,其增殖抑制率升高呈现明显的时间及剂量依赖性。结论:雷公藤内酯醇对晶状体上皮细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用在防止后囊混浊方面有广阔的前景。     

Sclerosing epithelioid fiberosarcoma: short T2 on MR imaging

A case of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma and its appearance on MRI is presented. The tumor showed a zonal architecture on MRI with a large central core of very low signal intensity and a peripheral rim of intermediate to high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted spin echo pulse sequences. The core showed decreased cellularity with dense collagen deposition on histologic examination, and the peripheral zone increased cellularity with increased nuclear atypia. The presence of a prominent region of very low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images can be seen with neural tumors, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, aggressive fibromatosis, and, in rare instances, with soft tissue sarcomas rich in collagen.     

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the uterus: immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular study

A case of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the uterus is reported, occurring in a 32-year-old woman. The tumor (8.0 cm in dimension) showed exophytic growth from the outer half of the myometrium. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of thick blood vessels and perivascular epithelioid cells. The neoplastic cells were strongly immunoreactive for HMB45 antigen, CD117 (c-kit), vimentin and the progesterone receptor, but completely negative for S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD34, the estrogen receptor and p16. The Ki-67 labeling index was low (1.25%). Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had numerous premelanosomes with some glycogen deposits. Single-stranded DNA conformational polymorphism of p53 and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction of p16 revealed negative results. Definite melanosomes on electron microscopic analysis and coexpression of HMB45 antigen and stem cell factor receptor (CD117) may provide the clue to understanding perivascular epithelioid cell tumor because angiomyolipoma also coexpresses HMB45 antigen and CD117.     

Preparation of metaphase chromosomes in cell cultures derived from an aquatic reptile

Summary Cell cultures (GTS) of epithelioid nature derived from the skin of a green sea turtle,Chelonia mydas, were treated with colchicine at a final concentration of 0.5 g/ml for 16 h. Mitotic cells were harvested by brief treatment with trypsin-Versene, subjected to hypotonic solution (1% sodium citrate) and fixed in (13) acetic acid: methanol. Giemsa stained preparations were photographed on High Contrast Copy film under phase contrast optics using a bluegreen filter. The result was significant enhancement of the microchromosome portion of the complement morphologically characteristic of reptilian metaphase chromosomes. By this method it was determined that the GTS cell line retains the female diploid number of the Chelonia species.     

Unusual intraparenchymal growth patterns of malignant pleural mesothelioma

AIMS: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is known to mimic morphologically a number of diverse reactive and neoplastic conditions. We describe three unusual intraparenchymal growth patterns of malignant mesothelioma seen in a series of 200 malignant pleural mesotheliomas. The diagnostic pitfalls associated with these findings are described and their potential medico-legal implications are highlighted. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group comprised 200 malignant pleural mesotheliomas. In each case diagnosis was morphologically confirmed with ancillary immunohistochemistry using a broad panel of both mesothelial and epithelial markers. The patterns of intraparenchymal growth were documented and grouped as: direct subpleural; lymphangitic; and other. The 200 malignant pleural mesotheliomas comprised 118 epithelioid, 57 biphasic and 25 sarcomatoid, subtyped according to the WHO classification. Direct subpleural invasion was seen in 42 cases, lymphangitic spread in 27 cases. Other less well-defined intraparenchymal patterns included three sarcomatoid subtype malignant mesotheliomas exhibiting an intra-alveolar growth pattern mimicking epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. One epithelioid subtype malignant mesothelioma contained an intraparenchymal tumour nodule microscopically comprising lepidic spread of neoplastic cells over maintained alveolar structures mimicking bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. One epithelioid subtype malignant mesothelioma morphologically had areas in which alveoli were distended by discohesive epithelioid neoplastic cells with no interstitial invasion. The appearances mimicked desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemistry played an important role in the definitive diagnosis of each unusual parenchymal tumour deposit. In 126 malignant mesotheliomas no invasion of the subjacent lung parenchyma was identified. CONCLUSIONS: An awareness of the unusual parenchymal growth pattern in malignant mesothelioma is important to prevent misdiagnosis of other entities. In the medico-legal setting, the presence of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma or bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (in the absence of asbestosis) may be deemed to impact upon the patient's anticipated life expectancy and thereby would decrease the compensation settlement.     

Epithelioid variant of gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration

Epithelioid gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) may cause significant diagnostic confusion on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with carcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, and melanoma, particularly when metastatic. This study characterizes the cytologic features of nine cases of epithelioid GISTs that were obtained by computerized tomographic guidance in five, by endoscopic ultrasound in three, and from an excised liver tumor in one. Six cases presented as liver masses, one as a perisplenic mass, one as an abdominal mass, and one as a gastric mass. The aspirates revealed mainly single or small clusters of epithelioid cells with a moderate amount of granular to clear cytoplasm, small uniform nuclei with mild to marked nuclear envelope irregularities. Binucleation and intranuclear inclusions were frequent findings. Collagenous stroma was seen in most cases. In three cases, a neuroendocrine tumor was the initial diagnosis. Immunocytochemical staining for c-kit (CD117) was performed on cellblocks in six cases and was positive in five cases. On the subsequent surgical specimen, CD117 was positive in the c-kit-negative cytology case. The diagnosis of GIST should be considered in aspirates of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, mesentery, or abdominal wall mass lesions when epithelioid cells are the predominant cell type. Ancillary studies such as immunohistochemical stains are usually helpful in making a definitive diagnosis.     

Granulomatous hidradenitis suppurativa and cutaneous Crohn's disease

Three patients with concurrent hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn's disease are presented. The notable histological feature in each hidradenitis resection was the presence of numerous discrete epithelioid granulomas in areas of non-inflamed dermis. The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of epithelioid granulomas in 101 hidradenitis patients and their significance in relation to systemic granulomatous disease. Discrete epithelioid granulomas were identified in 8% of the resections (10 patients). One patient had Crohn's disease and one other pulmonary sarcoidosis. Seven patients with granulomatous hidradenitis neither had nor developed any other disease during the 3-year follow-up period. Clinical review identified a further two patients with Crohn's disease but associated with non-granulomatous changes in the skin resections. Foreign body type granulomas were identified in 25% of the resections adjacent to ruptured hair follicles, sinus tracts or nearby degenerate sweat glands. The study shows that, although foreign body type granulomas are a common finding in hidradenitis, the presence of discrete epithelioid granulomas in the dermis away from the site of active inflammation is unusual and should alert the pathologist to the possibility of systemic granulomatous disease such as Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis.     

Malignant epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the liver: a clinicopathological and histochemical study of 12 cases

We describe the clinicopathological findings in 12 cases of hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma in order to identify diagnostic and prognostic features of this unusual vascular neoplasm. Three main tumour patterns were observed histologically: (1) a peripheral pattern with neoplastic cells scattered between fairly normal liver cell plates; (2) a cellular pattern showing a confusing admixture of pleomorphic tumour cells and atrophied hepatocytes set in a small amount of fibrous stroma; and (3) a scarred pattern with sparse tumour cells in a dense fibrous matrix. There were two types of vascular invasion: tuft-like intravascular proliferations of epithelioid cells and fibro-thrombotic venous occlusions. Awareness of these different aspects is important, as they are variably sampled by biopsy needles. The clinical course in this series was less favourable than that previously reported. Eight patients have died, in six instances of liver failure within 4-41 months of diagnosis. Extensive involvement of both lobes of the liver heralds imminent hepatic failure. The slow growth of metastases may justify liver transplantation in order to prolong life.     

Contrasting effects of hydroxyurea on cell growth and reduction in Epstein-Barr virus genomes in EBV-infected epithelioid cell lines vs Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines

Eliminating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes from infected cells is an intriguing theoretical strategy in therapy for EBV-associated malignant diseases. Respective patterns were characterized for hydroxyurea (HU)-promoted loss of EBV genomes from EBV-infected epithelioid cell lines derived from the noncancerous portion of gastric carcinoma tissues and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines. Epithelioid cell lines GT38 and PN were less sensitivity to HU than BL cell lines Akata, Raji, and Daudi in terms of cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. On passage in medium with 50 microM HU, the fraction of EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-positive cells was reduced substantially in the BL cell lines, but only slightly in the epithelioid cell lines. EBV DNA was reduced in Akata, Raji, and Daudi cells upon passage in 50 microM HU by 95%, 70%, and 50%, respectively, but by only 10% in GT38 cells, in which EBV DNA reduction was enhanced at increased concentrations of HU. This indicates that EBV genome is more easily lost from BL cell lines than from epithelioid cell lines upon culturing in HU. These findings support the view that the elimination of EBV could be therapeutically effective in EBV-associated BL by HU.     

Epithelial inclusion cyst (epidermoid cyst) formation with epithelioid cell granuloma in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen

The histologic characteristics of a case of epidermoid cyst formation with an epithelioid cell granuloma that developed in intrapancreatic accessory spleen were investigated, with the aim of clarifying its origin as well as etiologic factors. The patient, a 48-year-old male, was found to have a cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas and renal cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma) during a medical check up. The pancreatic mass appeared to be a so-called "mucinous tumor" on imaging, and combined resection of the body and tail of the pancreas and the spleen was performed together with a left nephrectomy. The lesion in the tail of the pancreas was then demonstrated to have accessory splenic tissue with cyst formation in its central region. The cystic wall was covered with stratified squamous epithelium and ductal epithelium with squamous metaplasia, and pancreatic islet cells were evident at various sites within the accessory spleen. Formation of epithelioid cell granuloma tissue was observed around the cysts. The epithelium of the cyst was positive for CA19-9 and negative for antibodies against mesothelial cells, whereas the pancreatic island cells were positive for insulin. These results suggested that cystic epithelium in the accessory spleen could be derived from pancreatic duct epithelium. Frequent recurrence of chronic inflammation and epitheloid cell granuloma formation may have resulted from an aberration of the ectopic remaining pancreatic tissue in the spleen.