新生儿脐血有核红细胞数量及其与胎龄的关系

目的 探讨胎龄与脐血有核红细胞(nucleated red blood cells,NRRCs)数量的关系.方法 采集不同胎龄新生儿脐带静脉血,使用瑞士染色法检测脐血有核红细胞数量,使用Beckman Coulter Hmx全自动血细胞分析仪检测血小板数量和平均血小板体积.结果 早产儿组NRBCs显著升高(P＜0.05),血小板数量降低(P＜0.05),平均血小板体积在早产儿组和胎龄延长组均有降低(P＜0.05).脐血NRBCs数量增加与血小板数量减少(P＜0.01)和平均血小板体积减少有关(P＜0.01).结论 脐血NRBCs数量升高与早产有关,与胎龄延长无关.早产是脐血NRBCs数量增加的强力预测因子.     

细胞移植治疗神经变性疾病：是否发生了细胞“转分化”？

背景：神经变性疾病为一类缓慢起病、病程呈进行性发展、预后不良的疾病,迄今尚缺乏有效的根治方法。细胞移植为神经变性疾病的治疗提供了一个崭新的思路。目的：研究细胞移植治疗神经变性疾病的移植细胞、修饰基因及方法,并探讨细胞移植后是否发生“转分化”。方法：收集细胞移植治疗神经变性疾病的相关文献,移植细胞、修饰基因,以及细胞移植治疗帕金森病、分析近年相关研究中细胞移植治疗神经变性疾病的阿尔茨海默病和肌萎缩侧索硬化的方法。结果与结论：目前治疗神经变性疾病研究较多的主要为骨髓干细胞、胚胎干细胞、脐血干细胞、神经干细胞、异体细胞等。细胞移植治疗神经变性疾病时的修饰基因主要有酪氨酸羟化酶、孤儿核受体、神经营养因子、VonHippel—Lindau基因、白细胞介素1及褪黑素等。细胞移植治疗帕金森病多是移植到大鼠纹状体,细胞移植治疗阿尔茨海默病和肌萎缩侧索硬化的移植部位分别多为海马和蛛网膜下腔。细胞移植应用于治疗神经变性疾病正日趋成熟,但移植后是否真的发生了细胞的“转分化”,尚无明确的结论。     

Differing activation status and immune effector molecule expression profiles of neonatal and maternal lymphocytes in an African population

Higher susceptibility of newborns to infections has been attributed to the hypo-responsiveness of their cellular immune system. Here we compared the activation status and expression of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules of cord versus maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an African population. Human leucocyte antigen-DR was expressed on a lower percentage of cord compared to maternal gammadelta and CD3(+) T cells. Similarly, a lower proportion of cord versus maternal gammadelta and CD3(+) T cells displayed perforin, granzyme B and cytokine activity either ex vivo or following non-specific stimulation in vitro. In contrast, comparable proportions of cord and maternal CD94(+) CD3(-) natural killer (NK) cells showed perforin and granzyme B expression ex vivo. We conclude that cord blood gammadelta and CD3(+) T cells are functionally hypo-responsive as reflected by reduced numbers of such cells expressing either an activation marker, T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines or cytotoxic effector molecules. The similarity in numbers of cord and maternal CD94(+) CD3(-) cells expressing cytotoxic effector molecules suggests that neonatal Africans' NK cells may be functionally mature.     

南宁地区1790例高龄孕妇妊娠中晚期胎儿染色体核型分析

目的通过对高龄孕妇的羊水、脐带血进行培养及核型分析来探讨高龄孕妇所孕胎儿染色体异常情况及三体发生率与年龄的相关性,为遗传咨询和产前诊断提供理论依据。方法通过对2010年至2011年,两年间在我院遗传门诊就诊的1790例高龄(≥35周岁)孕妇进行羊膜腔穿刺或脐带血管穿刺,抽取羊水及脐带血做细胞培养,观察培养情况,并进行核型分析。分析高龄孕妇染色体异常核型检出情况。结果 1790例高龄孕妇中共检出核型异常158例,异常检出率为8.82%。在不同年龄组,35-37岁,38-40岁,≥41岁三体发病率分别为1.06%,1.42%,2.08%。结论高龄孕妇随年龄增长染色体异常几率增加,高龄孕妇有必要行产前诊断。     

胎儿血清β2-微球蛋白测定的临床意义

目的通过比较检测正常胎儿和发育异常胎儿脐血β2-微球蛋白水平,并探讨其临床意义。方法通过脐带穿刺取得胎儿血,应用免疫比浊法对107例产前诊断结果正常的胎儿以及77例宫内感染、胎儿发育迟缓（SGR）并羊水少和泌尿系畸形等发育异常的胎儿血清β2-MG含量进行测定。结果妊娠18～34周正常胎儿血清β2-MG含量为（4.57±0.56）mg/L,与孕周变化无相关;妊娠34周后β2-MG含量下降,妊娠35～38周胎儿血清β2-MG含量为（3.58±0.69）mg/L,与妊娠18～34周相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;宫内感染、SGR并羊水少和泌尿系畸形等胎儿β2-MG含量与正常胎儿相比明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论检测胎儿血清β2-微球蛋白水平,可为宫内感染、SGR并羊水少和泌尿系畸形等发育异常胎儿诊断与评估提供参考指标。     

脐血促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素、皮质醇及硫酸脱氢表雄酮在足月分娩中的作用

目的测定足月分娩胎儿脐血清中促肾上腺皮激素释放激素(CRH)、皮质醇(CORT)、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAs)水平,以探讨胎儿来源的CRH、CORT、DHEAs在足月分娩中的作用。方法测定A组40例自然发动经阴道分娩新生儿、B组30例同孕周的选择性剖宫产分娩新生儿、C组30例潜伏期剖宫产分娩新生儿及D组30例活跃期剖宫产分娩新生儿脐血清中CRH、CORT、DHEAs水平。CORT、DHEAs的测定采用放射免疫法,CHR酶联免疫法。结果(1)自然发动分娩组脐血CRH、CORT、DHEAs水平均显著高于选择性剖宫产组(P<0.01)。(2)潜伏期剖宫产组与活跃期剖宫产组间脐血CRH水平无显著差异(P>0.05),但两组均显著高于选择性剖宫产组脐血CRH水平(P<0.05)。分娩组潜伏期,活跃期,选择性剖宫产组3者间脐血CORT水平差异有显著性(P<0.01),而它们之间DHEAs水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论胎盘CRH与胎儿来源的CORT、DHEAs与人在分娩发动有关,皮质醇在加速分娩中发挥作用。     

In vitro cytokine production and phenotype expression by blood mononuclear cellsfrom umbilical cords, children and adults

Age related differences in immunological reactions include variations in the in vitro functions of blood mononuclear cells (MNC). In an attempt to understand the mechanism behind these differences we examined age related differences in the phenotype profiles of MNC in parallel with the in vitro production of interleukin IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and in-terferon gamma (IFNg) in neonates, children and adults. In cultures without added polyclonal activators IL-6 and TNFα levels in children were 3–6 times higher than those of umbilical cords and adults. However, using optimal in vitro stimulation ( E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohaemmag-glutinin or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)) no significant differences in the levels of these cytokines were observed. The levels of IFNg in PWM driven cultures followed a different pattern with comparable levels in children and adults, and unmeasurable levels in cord blood MNC. Flow cytometry analysis of the phenotypic distribution of MNC revealed age related differences in the expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD2, LFA-1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3. Correlation studies did not indicate that the observed differences in cytokine production could be ascribed to differences in the frequency of monocytes, T cells or B cells. The TNFα levels in suboptimally stimulated cultures correlated negatively with the expression of LFA-3 and positively with CD45RA. while IFNg correlated positively with CD2, LFA-1, CD45R0 and CD8.
In conclusion, the study provides evidence of age related differences in the production of TNFα, IL-6 and IFNg among neonates, children and adults. These differences may to some extent be caused by differences in the expression of cell surface molecules involved in cellular interactions and signalling.