Investigating the association between eye colour and the Neurological Pupil index

IntroductionBrown or dark brown eyes make it difficult to distinguish the contrast between a black pupil and the surrounding iris, which may result in clinical assessment errors. The pupillometer can be used to derive an indexed value, the Neurological Pupil index™ (NPi) for pupillary light reflex. However, there are limited data associating the NPi and iris colour. We examine the NPi and eye colour association.MethodsData were pooled from the Establishing Normative Data for Pupillometer Assessments in Neuroscience Intensive Care (END-PANIC) Registry. The analysis includes 14,168 observations collected from 865 patients with neurological conditions who were admitted to the intensive care unit. Summary statistics and statistical models were developed to examine the association using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) summary procedure.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 56 years (standard deviation = 17). Eye colour included dark brown (n = 339), blue (n = 234), brown (n = 173), green (n = 82), and other (n = 37). There was significant differences (p < 0.0001) between mean NPi values by eye colour [blue = 4.08 (0.92), brown = 3.34 (1.45), dark = 3.71 (1.33), green = 4.08 (0.67), other = 3.76 (1.25)]. However, a further random-effects mixed model after controlling for confounding variables revealed no significant difference in NPi values among different eye colour groups.ConclusionsThe pupillary light reflex, when assessed using the pupillometer, is not dependent on the eye colour. Practitioners are not required to consider eye colour as a confounder when they perform pupillary assessment for examining patients with neurological conditions.     

Factors Affecting Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis after Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis and Left Iliac Vein Stent Placement in Patients with Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome

PurposeThis study evaluated the factors affecting contralateral and ipsilateral recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after iliac vein stent placement in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).Materials and MethodsData from 130 patients (95 female patients) who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis and stent placement for IVCS with left lower leg thrombosis at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Mean patient age was 69.0 ± 14.0 years old. Median follow-up was 14 months (range, 3–164 months). Anticoagulation therapy was prescribed for 6 months, followed by lifelong antiplatelet therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting the development of contralateral and ipsilateral recurrent DVT.ResultsSeven patients (5.4%) developed contralateral DVT (median, 26 months; range, 2–61 months), and 11 patients (8.5%) developed ipsilateral DVT (median, 1 month; range, 0–53 months). Stent location (odds ratio [OR], 11.564; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.159–115.417) and in-stent thrombosis during follow-up (OR, 15.142; 95% CI, 1.406–163.119) were predictors of recurrent contralateral DVT. Thrombophilia (OR, 47.560; 95% CI, 2.369–954.711), remaining inferior vena cava filter (OR, 30.552; 95% CI, 3.495–267.122), and in-stent thrombosis during follow-up (OR, 82.057; 95% CI, 2.915–2309.848) were predictors of ipsilateral DVT.ConclusionsContralateral DVT occurs late and is associated with extension of the iliac vein stent to the inferior vena cava and in-stent thrombosis. Ipsilateral DVT occurs relatively early and is associated with thrombophilia, remaining inferior vena cava filter, and in-stent thrombosis.     

神经电生理对腓总神经卡压的诊断价值

目的 观察神经电生理检测对腓总神经卡压的诊断价值。方法 对腓总神经卡压的临床特征及病因进行分析，并作神经传导速度和肌电图检测和分析。结果 21条患病神经中1条神经波形消失。其余有不同程度的传导速度减慢，尤其是跨腓骨小头段，波幅降低，传导时间延长，42块腓总神经支配的肌肉中有30块出现失神经电位。结论 神经电生理检查在腓总神经卡压的诊断中有重要意义。     

十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石35例临床分析

目的探讨经十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石的临床效果和价值。方法经十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石共35例,其中行EST及取石术32例,行EPBD及取石术3例。EST胆总管取石时根据结石大小决定切开大小,不宜EST或结石较小者可选择EPBD后取石。结果35例均成功取出胆总管结石,取得较好的疗效。EST术中局部渗血4例,当时予电凝或喷洒止血药物即迅速止血,术后急性胰腺炎1例,经适当处理后1周痊愈,EPBD及取石术后未发现明显并发症。结论十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜下胆总管探查术22例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆总管探查术的方法及避免副损伤的措施.方法应用Olympus腹腔镜及操作器械一套.全麻下进行,体位及穿刺点均与腔镜胆囊切除相同.穿刺证实胆总管后,对胆总管直径＞1.5 cm者用针式电钩直接切开;胆总管直径＜1.2 cm者用剪刀切开,纵行切开1.0～1.5 cm,直视下用常规器械或胆管镜网篮取石,胆总管Ⅰ期缝合.结果本组22例中,21例成功,1例由于胆囊三角区粘连紧密,镜下缝合胆总管困难中转开腹手术.结论腹腔镜下胆囊切除,胆总管探查与传统开腹手术比较具有微创特点,胆总管Ⅰ期缝合更体现微创外科的优势.     

Cutaneous nerves in patients with diabetic neuropathy--an electron microscopic study

Since the role of cutaneous nerves in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases associated with diabetes mellitus is not well defined, cutaneous nerves in ten patients with severe diabetic neuropathy were electron microscopically investigated as a preliminary study. The specimens were taken from normal-appearing skin of their lower extremities. Cutaneous nerves were seen as axon-Schwann cell complexes in which variously degenerated axons and Schwann cells coexisted with normal ones. The degenerative changes were not, however, specific for diabetes mellitus.