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排序方式: 共有552条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
目的 对北京市朝阳区某学校一起耐药肺结核疫情进行分析,为今后耐药结核病疫情的处置提供参考。方法 对病例进行流行病学调查,对病例密切接触者采用PPD试验、X线胸片和CT相结合的方式筛查。结果 2018年10月—2019年6月,该校共发生36例肺结核病例,发病率为4.5%。其中5例耐多药,3例耐利福平。36例病例分布在四个班,15a班27例、15b班4例、15c班2例、17d班3例。各班发病率分别为56.3%、8.3%、5.7%、7.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。8例耐药病例中6例为15a班学生,占耐药病例总数的75.0%。经CT筛查68名密切接触者中确诊23例肺结核患者,检出率33.8%。结论 该起学校聚集性疫情为全国首起耐药肺结核聚集性疫情,首发病例未及时就医,传染源隐匿存在时间长,是导致该起疫情发生的主要原因。疫情处置中开展密切接触者筛查对于及时发现新病例非常重要。 相似文献
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The purpose of the present study was to determine the reliability of several selected signs of trauma from occlusion and their relations with severity of periodontitis. 32 moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis patients participated in the study. All teeth present were evaluated for various abnormal occlusal contacts, signs of trauma from occlusion, and the severity of periodontitis. Standardized periapical radiographs were also taken for each tooth. The results demonstrated that: (1) no significant difference occurred in probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), or percentage of alveolar bone height (BH) between teeth with and without various abnormal occlusal contacts, i.e., premature contacts in centric relation occlusion, non-working contacts in lateral excursions, premature contacts of anterior teeth or posterior protrusive tooth contacts; (2) teeth with either significant mobility, functional mobility, or radiographically widened periodontal ligament space (PDLS) had deeper PD, more AL and lower BH than teeth without these signs, while teeth with pronounced wear or radiographically thickened lamina dura had less AL than teeth without these findings; (3) 2 combined indices, i.e., the trauma from occlusion index (TOI) and the adaptability index (AI), were proposed for the identification of occlusal trauma and the response of periodontium to excessive biting forces in heavy function, respectively; TOI-positive teeth exhibit deeper PD, more AL and less osseous support than TOI-negative teeth; however, AI-positive teeth had less AL and more osseous support than AI-negative teeth; (4) with identical attachment level, TOI-positive teeth had less osseous support than TOI-negative teeth while the magnitude of difference became greater with an increase of attachment loss. 相似文献
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G. Brandes E. Reale A. Messina 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1996,429(2-3):165-172
The effect of externally applied mechanical stress was investigated by thin section electron microscopy of the microvessels in the unaffected palmar fascia in the carpal tunnel syndrome and in patients with Dupuytren's contracture before and after application of a continuous elongation device. In the unaffected palmar fascia the microfilaments of the endothelial cells were connected to a few adherens junctions and focal contacts; stress fibres were absent. In the cord of Dupuytren's disease the microfilaments were increased in quantity. The length ratios of the connections with the lateral and basal cell membrane were significantly higher than in the control group and increased to an even greater extent in the continuously extended fascia. Stress fibres appeared in the endothelial cells of postcapillary venules in the nonextended cord and in the endothelium of both arterioles and venules after extension elongation. The numerous intermediate filaments and the rare microtubules remained unchanged in the endothelial cells of all palmar fasciae analysed. In the endothelial cells of the microvessels the mechanical stress applied from outside mainly affected the contractile component of the cytoskeleton. 相似文献
6.
B. J. van de Water T. N. Meyer M. Wilson C. Young B. Gaunt K. W. le Roux 《Public Health Action》2021,11(2):97
SETTING:Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa.OBJECTIVE:To identify steps in the TB preventive care cascade from routinely collected data among TB patients at a district hospital prior to the implementation of a novel TB program.DESIGN:This was a retrospective study. We adapted the TB prevention cascade to measure indicators routinely collected at district hospitals for TB using a cascade framework to evaluate outcomes in the cohort of close contacts.RESULTS:A total of 1,722 charts of TB patients were reviewed. The majority of patients (87%) were newly diagnosed with no previous episodes of TB. A total of 1,548 (90%) patients identified at least one close contact. A total of 7,548 contacts were identified with a median of 4.9 (range 1–16) contacts per patient. Among all contacts identified, 2,913 (39%) were screened for TB. Only 15 (0.5%) started TB preventive therapy and 122 (4.4%) started TB treatment. Nearly 25% of all medical history and clinical information was left unanswered among the 1,722 TB charts reviewed.CONCLUSION:Few close contacts were screened or started on TB preventive therapy in this cohort. Primary care providers for TB care in district health facilities should be informed of best practices for screening and treating TB infection and disease. 相似文献
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目的:探讨解剖Y型钢板的临床应用价值。方法:报告36例解剖Y型钢板内固定肱骨远端粉碎性骨折,进行临床分析讨论,其中列,女8例,平均年龄36.8岁。36例中均行肘后标准切口尽骨鹰嘴截骨暴整个肱骨远端,Y型钢板、螺钉内固定。结果:本组随访1~5年,其中优良率86.2%。结论:解剖Y型钢板治疗治疗肱骨远端粉碎骨折,效果确切,术后有利早期活动关节,减少并发症。 相似文献
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The mechanism by which nerve - muscle contacts are reduced during postnatal development of the rat soleus muscle was investigated using electrophysiological methods. Between days 7 and 9 after birth, soleus muscle fibres lose 0.19–0.24 terminals per muscle fibre within 24 h. A much more rapid loss of contacts is seen when muscles are exposed in vitro to acetylcholine (10−3 g/ml). In this case 0.67–0.87 terminals per muscle fibre lose contact within 2 h. The loss of neuromuscular contacts induced by acetylcholine can be reduced by preincubating the muscles in solutions containing acetoxymethyl ester of 1,2-bis(2-amino-phenoxylethane-N,N1 ;N1 -tetraacetic acid (BAPTA-AM), a Ca2+ chelating agent that enters cells and reduces the Ca2+ transients inside the cell. Treatment of muscles with nifedipine, which blocks dihydropyridine-sensitive (L-type) Ca2+ channels, also reduced the acetylcholinesterase-induced loss of neuromuscular contacts. The results indicate that transient increases in Ca2+ inside nerve terminals contribute to loss of neuromuscular contacts, and that these increases occur by Ca2+ entry through L-type channels. 相似文献
9.
合肥市2004年流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫情分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的了解合肥市2004年流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)高发的原因,为制订预防控制策略提供依据。方法对流脑病例的流行病学、临床、实验室检测资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果合肥市2004年共发生流脑69例,发病率为1.50/10万,较前5年平均发病率上升了10倍。经实验室和流行病学诊断的病例C群占20.29%,A群占18.84%,其余为临床诊断的未分型病例。对1 171名密切接触者咽拭子采样检测平均带菌率为8.28%;其中以初中生和高中生带菌率为高,分别为14.07%和14.76%。所带菌群以C群最高,平均为4.27%;死亡病例和爆发病例的密切接触者中,C群带菌率分别为30.1%和14.7%。结论做好流脑的临床诊治和预防控制,必须开展流脑的病原学检测,并对密切接触者进行带菌检测,有针对性的采取预防控制措施。 相似文献
10.
Crashes due to sleepiness account for a substantial proportion of road crash incidents. The purpose of the current study was to examine several sleep‐related factors and driving‐related factors for their association with self‐reports of continuing to drive while sleepy. In total 257 young drivers aged 18–25 years completed an online survey that assessed factors such as sleep quality, sleep duration and consistency, excessive daytime sleepiness, experiences with sleepiness and their driving‐related behaviours. The results demonstrate that being older, having a perceived ability to overcome sleepiness, committing more highway code violations and having experienced a sleep‐related close call were positively associated with an increased likelihood of continuing to drive while sleepy. The obtained results highlight the acceptance of risky driving behaviours among some younger drivers. Younger drivers’ risky driving behaviour is certainly a road safety concern given the impairment associated with sleepiness and their over‐representation in road crash incidents. 相似文献