抗青霉素单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

目的:制备抗青霉素的单克隆抗体(mAb)并建立双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法,对临床上引起青霉素过敏反应的过敏原青霉噻唑蛋白进行研究。方法:将半抗原青霉素和载体蛋白偶联后免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术建立稳定分泌抗青霉素mAb的杂交瘤细胞株。常规制备腹水,用辛酸-硫酸铵法纯化,并对纯化的mAb进行特异性鉴定。通过对不同抗体组合的分析和条件的优化,建立检测过敏原的双抗体夹心ELISA方法。结果:经细胞融合、筛选及克隆化,共获得9株稳定分泌抗青霉素mAb的杂交瘤细胞株,其中5株亲和力较高。建立了双抗体夹心ELISA相对定量检测方法,该方法灵敏度达到870 U/L,平均回收率为107.81%,批内变异系数平均为6.7%,批间变异系数平均为9.3%,可用于A群链球菌制剂中青霉噻唑蛋白的检测。结论:成功地制备了抗青霉素的mAb,并建立了相对定量检测青霉噻唑蛋白的双抗体夹心ELISA法。     

Solubilization and Stabilization of a Benzylpenicillin Chemical Delivery System by 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

A dihydropyridine pyridinium salt redox carrier-based chemical delivery system for benzylpenicillin (1) was complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HPCD). The solubility of the lipophilic 1, which is incompatible with aqueous formulations, was dramatically increased and showed a linear dependency on the HPCD concentration. The degree of incorporation was 20 mg of 1 per g of complex. The stability study of 1 in various pH buffers indicated the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the acyloxyalkyl linkage and the hydration of the 5,6 double bond of the dihydropyridine as the main degradation processes. The overall loss of 1, which follows first-order kinetics, was not influenced by changes in ionic strength and elimination of oxygen from the reaction medium. The HPCD complex of 1, which has a stability constant of 720–940 M ^–1, stabilized the chemical delivery system. The influence of the temperature on the stability of 1 is also discussed.     

Administration of intravenous benzylpenicillin in 13 infants born to mothers with syphilis infection: A case series

The incidence of syphilis infection among pregnant women is persistently high in Japan and in several developed countries. Here, we report the utility of intravenous benzylpenicillin in 13 infants born to mothers with syphilis infection. Because the recommended treatment (intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin) is not available in Japan, we intravenously administered benzylpenicillin for 10 days, which is used for treatment in high-risk cases. The administration of benzylpenicillin in low-risk infants resulted in an extended duration of parent-to-infant separation and increased the infants’ exposure to invasive procedures. Thus, establishing evidence of the adequacy of no-treatment follow-up in low-risk groups and introducing intramuscular injections of benzathine benzylpenicillin may improve the management of infants suspected with congenital syphilis in Japan.     

头孢噻肟钠治疗社区获得性肺炎的观察及体会

目的探讨头孢噻肟钠(cefotaxime sodium)治疗社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia,CAP)的临床疗效及安全性.方法90例社区获得性肺炎病人,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组45例.治疗组:静脉注射头孢噻肟钠,每次1.0～2.0g,每8 h静注1次,疗程7～14d;对照组:静脉滴注青霉素G(benzylpenicillin),每次240～480wu,每6h静注1次,疗程7～14d.结果头孢噻肟钠和青霉素G的临床有效率分别为93.3%和66.7%,细菌清除率为95.6%和71.1%,两组差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),治疗期间两组均未出现明显不良反应.结论头孢噻肟钠疗效肯定,安全性好,可作为治疗社区获得性肺炎的首选药.     

苄星青霉素中N,N′-二苄基乙二胺和青霉素的HPLC法测定

苄星青霉素为青霉素(1)的N,N’-二苄基乙二胺(2)盐,又名长效西林,肌注后缓慢游离出1而发挥抗菌作用,主要用于预防风湿热复发,也可用于控制链球菌感染的流行。中国药典2005年版(ChP 2005)和美国药典30版(USP 30)采用HPLC法测定苄星青霉素中的1,采用非水滴定法测定2,操作繁琐费时。本研究参考欧洲药典6.0(EP 6.0)及相关文献,建立了HPLC法同时测定苄星青霉     

梯度洗脱HPLC法测定苄星青霉素中的有关物质

目的建立测定苄星青霉素有关物质的梯度洗脱HPLC法。方法采用端基封尾的C18柱,流动相A为0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调节pH值至3.1),流动相B为甲醇,流速1.0mL/min,线性梯度洗脱,检测波长220nm,柱温40℃。结果二苄基乙二胺和青霉素分别与相邻杂质峰分离完全,二苄基乙二胺的检测限为2.5ng,青霉素的检测限为0.6ng。结论本法专属、灵敏,可作为苄星青霉素有关物质的测定方法。     

苄星青霉素及其注射用无菌粉末的可见异物检查

目的建立苄星青霉素及其注射用无菌粉末的可见异物检查法。方法对可见异物检查用溶剂的种类和溶剂量进行了考察,针对不同工艺的样品,确定二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、混合溶剂可供选用。结果样品在所选适量溶剂中全部溶解,明显可见异物和微细可见异物可被检出。结论本法简便、快速,适用于苄星青霉素及其注射用无菌粉末的可见异物检查。     

高效液相色谱法测定青霉素盐的有关物质

目的建立青霉素钠（钾）中有关物质检查的高效液相色谱（HPLC）法。方法采用C18柱,以磷酸盐缓冲液（0．1mol／L磷酸二氢钾溶液用磷酸调pH至2．5）-乙腈（80：20）为流动相A,以磷酸盐缓冲液（0．1mol／L磷酸二氢钾溶液用磷酸调pH至2．5）-乙腈（75：25）为流动相B,采用线性梯度洗脱,流速1．0mg／mL,检测波长225nm。结果在所建立的色谱条件下,各色谱峰峰形正常,保留时间适中,主成分峰与各杂质峰分离良好。结论所建立的HPLC法简便、准确、灵敏,可同时对产品中的有关物质进行准确监控。