A multi-dimensional measure of vocational identity status

Establishing a worker identity is among the most central aspects of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Despite its importance, few measures with acceptable psychometric and conceptual characteristics exist to assess vocational identity statuses. This study reports the development and evaluation of the Vocational Identity Status Assessment (VISA), which is derived from established conceptual models and includes career exploration, commitment, and reconsideration dimensions. Results show that the VISA exhibited metric invariance across a high school and university sample. Cluster analyses demonstrated that the VISA consistently resolved six identity statuses across the two samples, supporting the previously established achieved, moratorium, foreclosed, and diffused statuses along with two additional statuses termed searching moratorium and undifferentiated. The identity statuses predicted differences in participants’ work valences and well-being with the achieved and diffused statuses respectively exhibiting the most and least favorable characteristics. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research based upon these findings are offered.     

大学生主观就业障碍的调查

目的探讨大学生主观就业障碍的特点。方法在全国4省市选择1539名在校本科学生为调查对象,采用《大学生主观就业障碍问卷》进行调查。结果①大学生有较高的主观就业障碍(2.325±0.392);②大学生感知到的最大就业障碍来自就业竞争(2.895±0.551),其次是亲人态度(2.275±0.685);③大学生感知到的就业障碍在年级(F=2.99,P0.05)、性别(F=2.561,P0.05)、学校所在地(F=14.401,P0.01)、专业(F=14.089,P0.01)、来源地(F=10.708,P0.01)等方面差异显著。结论大学生普遍有较高主观就业障碍,其中女大学生、师范类专业大学生、学校不在发达中心城市的大学生感知到的就业障碍更高。     

大学生成就动机与职业兴趣关系

目的:研究大学生成就动机与职业兴趣的关系,为高校进行就业指导提供一定的理论依据。方法:采用成就动机量表和大学生职业兴趣问卷对232名大学生进行调查。结果:男生在追求成功动机、成就动机总得分、研究型和经营型上均显著高于女生(t=2.190,2.760,3.493,4.624;P0.01),理科生在追求成功的动机、成就动机总得分、研究型、经营型上均显著高于文科生(t=2.757,3.811,4.187,2.961;P0.01),而在避免失败动机(t=-2.435,P0.05)上得分显著低于文科生;追求成功的动机与研究型、经营型、社会型存在显著正相关(r=0.330,0.368,0.293;P0.01),避免失败的动机与经营型存在显著正相关(r=0.322,P0.01),成就动机的总分与研究型、经营型、社会型之间存在显著正相关(r=0.284,0.496,0.258;P0.01),与常规型(r=-0.16,P0.010)之间存在显著负相关。结论:大学生的成就动机与职业兴趣之间存在一定的关系。     

¿Medicina: arte o ciencia? Una reflexión sobre las artes en la educación médica

The situation of health systems in the world is critical. However, in this scenario it is important that education can provide strategies to generate a change.Reflection regarding the training of the medical student must be complemented by the development of people skills, such as communication, the ability to understand others, etc. This could help in the development of clinical judgment and reasoning exercises, without neglecting the human components of kindness, warmth, listening, and fraternity. This article attempts to answer these concerns, reflecting on some situations that affect medical training, and sets out numerous examples of doctors from different periods of history and countries (Europe, Asia and America) who have successfully exercised their profession, as well as in the performing arts, including literature, painting and theatre. Among them can be included, Albert Schweitzer, German national, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952, and Jorge Drexler, aN Uruguayan who won an Oscar of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of the United States for best soundtrack in 2005. Finally, it should be considered having academic and extra-academic spaces that benefit medical training, complemented by artistic and humanistic skills.     

高职院校中医专业学生思维方式培养的探讨

本文从高职高号院校中医学专业学生面临的良好发展前景引出思考,即如何更好的为学生建立中医思维方式。以培养适宜的人才,并分析了中医思维方式的特点和影响中医思维方式建立的因素,最后探讨了6个建立中医思维方式的有效途径。     

行业培训是输血事业稳步发展的关键

目的探讨不同等级医院、不同岗位的培训对提高输血水平、推进输血事业稳步发展的作用。方法针对管理层、临床医护人员的不同需求选择培训教材,从输血基本知识、基本技能等方面进行系统培训,并将相关法规条款细化融于课程中,探索适合,临床用血单位的行业培训模式。结果学员知识层次、操作技能及软硬件配备等均有一定改善,推动了输血医学的学科建设,提高了临床输血水平。结论有针对性地选择培训教材,采取业务知识和实践技能相结合的分层次、多维度的培训模式,可有效提高输血行业从业人员的素养,进而保障临床输血安全。     

Crites职业选择态度问卷的初步修订

目的：对Crites职业成熟度的择业态度问卷的项目和结构进行初步修订。方法：以164名大学生的试测为基础．在武汉市六所高校随机抽取900名大学生进行正式测试，并进行适用性研究。结果：①问卷具有良好的项目特征：②各分量表及总量表的α系数在0．660到0．840之间，重测相关系数在0．557到0．761之间；③本科生和研究生的测验分数存在显著差异。结论：该问卷的测量指标符合心理测量学要求，可作为大学生职业成熟度的测量工具。     

以职业关键能力为目标构筑高职药学类人才培养体系

目的:探讨培养高职药学类专业人才职业关键能力的策略。方法:分析高职药学类人才职业关键能力的构成要素,提出以此为目标构筑培养体系的方法和内容,同时探讨评价职业关键能力的有效标准。结果与结论:高职药学类人才的职业关键能力包括社会能力、方法能力和专业能力。更新教育观念,调整和优化课程体系,抓住教育主要矛盾,可逐步提高高职药学类专业人才职业关键能力和素质,满足经济社会发展要求。     

An examination of factors that affect return to work following burns: A systematic review of the literature

Aims

To review the literature on return to work (RTW) in patients with burns.

Methods

Using a predetermined search strategy, we searched Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to January 2008) database to identify all English studies related to burn and work, rehabilitation, employment, return to work, occupation or vocational training.

Results

Twenty-one studies were identified with 3134 patients. An average of 66% of patients returned to work following their burn; with rates even higher in patients with lower total body surface are burns. Time taken to RTW ranged from 4.7 weeks to 24 months. Common barriers to RTW were extent and severity of the burn, longer length of stay in hospital and number of operative procedures.

Conclusions

This review found that the severity of burn was the most significant barrier to RTW. Further research is required to explore physical and psychosocial interventions aimed at helping people with burns return to and sustain employment.     

高职高专院校护生人文素质培养模式的改革

目的：为达成高职高专“培养技能型、服务型护理专业人才”的目标,通过对高职高专院校护生人文素质培养模式进行改革,提高护生的人文素质。为今后培养（专科类）护理人才探索一条新途径。方法：抽取我校08级入学的护生60例。随机分为试验组和对照组各30例,试验组对部分课程的实践操作对象和场所进行调整,即安排在医院进行,对照组使用传统的教学模式。结果：两组效果有显著差异（P〈0．05）实验组明显优于对照组。结论：人文素质培养模式的改革意义重大。