Comparing limb proprioception and oculomotor signals during hand-guided saccades

We previously showed that saccades tend to overshoot briefly flashed targets that were manually displaced in the dark (Ren et al. 2006). However it was not clear if the overshoot originated from a sensory error in measuring hand displacement or from a premotor error in saccade programming, because gaze and hand position started at the same central position. Here, we tested between these hypotheses by dissociating the initial eye and hand position. Five hand/target positions (center, far, near, right, left) on a frontally-placed horizontal surface were used in four paradigms: Center or Peripheral Eye-hand Association (CA or PA, both gaze and right hand started from the center or a same peripheral location) and Hand or Eye Dissociation (HD or ED, hand or gaze started from one of three non-target peripheral locations). Subjects never received any visual feedback about the final target location and the subjects’ hand displacement. In the CA paradigm, subjects showed the same overshoot that we showed previously. However, changing both initial eye and hand positions relative to the final target (PA) affected the pattern, significantly altering the directions of overshoots. Changing only the initial position of hand (HD) did not have this effect, whereas changing only initial eye position (ED) had the same effect as the PA condition (CA ≈ HD, PA ≈ ED). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that the direction of the ideal saccade contributed significantly to the endpoint direction error, not the direction of the hand path. These results suggest that these errors do not primarily arise from misestimates of the hand trajectory, but rather from a process of comparing the initial eye position and the limb proprioceptive signal during saccade programming.     

Update on the surgical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist and hand

Surgical procedures for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are aimed at restoring function and decreasing pain. Over the past four decades multiple procedures have been described in the management of early and late disease. This article will review the most common forms of surgery used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.     

DFY-Ⅱ型超声图像定量分析诊断仪的设计及应用

目的升级更新＂DFY-Ⅰ型超声图像定量分析诊断仪＂,以满足超声图像定量分析需要.方法通过对＂DFY-Ⅰ型超声图像定量分析诊断仪＂存在的不足进行分析后,用Dephi编程语言对新增模块进行设计、调试,并通过实际应用后定型.结果＂DFY-Ⅱ型超声图像定量分析诊断仪＂解决了＂DFY-Ⅰ型超声图像定量分析诊断仪＂存在的一些不足,并新增了许多实用功能.结论＂DFY-Ⅱ型超声图像定量分析诊断仪＂可以满足广大超声工作者进行图像定量分析的需要.     

金卫“军字一号”工程临床诊疗项目字典的初始化和更新维护

金卫“军字一号”工程在全军和地方医院中已陆续投入使用,其对推动我国卫生事业发展起到了很大的作用。做好诊疗项目字典初始化和更新维护,不仅是医院信息系统能否顺利开展应用的重点和难点,而且还是系统能否正常运行的关键工作,本文就有关临床诊疗项目字典的初始化及如何更新维护等方面内容做了探讨。     

Moderate sedation for chest physicians

Specialists in pulmonary and critical care medicine frequently perform invasive procedures that may require sedation or anesthesia for patient comfort. The number and complexities of interventional pulmonary procedures that can be performed in the bronchoscopy suite or critical care unit continues to expand. Procedures that formerly were done only in the operating room on inpatients are now done routinely in the office, ambulatory surgery center, or hospital outpatient department. No matter the setting, the key to successfully performing these procedures is a safe, pain-free environment for the patient. Anesthesia care and procedural sedation services share the goals of providing the patient comfort during a painful procedure and the operating physician an acceptable working environment. Historically, anesthesiologists have applied the expertise gained in managing anesthesia for major surgeries to sedation care for minor procedures. While the supply of anesthesiologists and anesthetists has shown only a modest increase, the growth in minimally invasive procedures has been explosive in recent years. To meet demand, a service, originally known as conscious sedation and now referred to as moderate sedation, has become common, in which the operating physician supervises a specially trained sedation nurse. This article will provide a clinical definition of moderate sedation and then focus on ways to properly code and bill for pulmonary procedures performed with moderate sedation.     

肺炎链球菌对β-内酰胺类及大环内酯类抗生素耐药基因的研究进展

近年来,肺炎链球菌对β-内酰胺类及大环内酯类抗生素的耐药率在逐渐上升,目前关于其耐药基因的研究已引起广泛关注,现就肺炎链球菌对β-内酰胺类及大环内酯类抗生素耐药基因的研究进展作一综述.     

浅谈PSUR制度对我国药品不良反应报告制度的启示

通过对国际通行的药品安全性更新报告（PSUR）制度相关规定及其特点进行分析,提出我国推广和完善PSUR制度的意义,为完善我国药品不良反应报告制度、加强药品上市后的安全监管、保障公众的用药安全提供服务。