Vehicle of triamcinolone acetonide is associated with retinal toxicity and transient increase of lens density

Background Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) has been widely used as a therapeutic method for many ocular diseases, but a consensus on an appropriate safe therapeutic window of dosage for intravitreal injection, and whether vehicle of TA should be reduced or eliminated, has not yet been reached. The aim of this article is to investigate these issues.Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four experimental groups and one control group. Four or 25 mg TA, with vehicle either reduced or not, was injected into the vitreous cavity of rabbits in experimental groups. Rabbits in the control group received 0.2 ml intravitreal sterile saline solution. Intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured by a Tonopen tonometer. Values of lens density were measured by a Pentacam system. Soluble protein, total antioxidation capacity, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lens were measured by specific kits. ERG and pathological examinations, including light and electron microscopy of the retina, were also performed.Results Elevation of IOP was noted in all experimental groups after intravitreal TA (P<0.01, paired t-test). Significant increase of lens density was noticed at 1 week after intravitreal TA in the 25 mg vehicle-containing group (P<0.0001, paired t-test). Significant loss of GSH-px activity was noticed at the end of the study (P<0.05, paired t-test), while SOD activity increased (P<0.05, paired t-test). Amplitudes of ERG waves declined significantly in vehicle-containing groups (P<0.01, paired t-test) at the end of the study. Pathological examination showed obvious retinal toxicity in vehicle-containing groups.Conclusions Vehicle of TA should be eliminated or reduced before intravitreal injection to avoid potential retinal toxicity and transient increase in lens density.Presented at Chinese Academy of Fundus Disease Meeting, April, 2005.This study was supported by the 985 Fund of Peking University, Beijing.The authors have no financial interest in any instruments or drugs mentioned in this study.     

口腔径路曲安奈德蝶腭神经节封闭治疗变应性鼻炎（附415例报告）

目的：探讨口腔径路曲安奈德蝶腭神经节封闭治疗变应性鼻炎的效果。方法：变应性鼻炎患者415例，男270例，女145例。用自制封闭针头于口腔径路行曲安奈德蝶腭神经节封闭术。结果：415例中，有效250例，好转63例，总有效率为99．5％。结论：经口腔径路用曲安奈德行蝶腭神经节封闭术是治疗变应性鼻炎的有效疗法。     

瘤内注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤

目的：观察和总结瘤内注射治疗颌面部血管瘤的疗效。方法：采用醋酸曲安奈德注射液加平阳霉素局部注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤，如一次注射治疗未愈的，间隔4～6周重复给药，4次为一个疗程，醋酸曲安奈德总量不超过100mg，平阳霉素总量不超过40mg；观察肿瘤消退情况。结果：84例患儿，经1年随访，治愈率（90．4％），显效率（7．1％），无效率（2．4％）。结论：本方法疗效可靠、副作用小、外观较满意，适合婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤的治疗。     

局部药物注射与口服药治疗三叉神经痛的疗效对比

目的：观察局部注射药物与口服药治疗三叉神经痛的疗效差异。方法：选择门诊三叉神经痛的患者,并随机分成两组,即口服药物组给予卡马西平100mg1-2次/天,若不能止痛每天增加100mg ,直到控制疼痛为止,将最小有剂量作为维持量,一般为600-800mg/d,共36例。局部药物注射组以4%氢羟强的松龙0.5ml加2%利多卡因1.5ml混合后准确地注射到罹患神经通过的骨孔处,共32例。结果：口服药物组6个月有效27例,有效率75%,局部药物注射组6个月有效30例,有效率94%。结论：局部药物注射组的疗效明显优于口服药物组。     

HPLC法测定尿素-醋酸曲安萘德软膏中醋酸曲安萘德的含量

目的 采用高效液相色谱法测定尿素醋酸曲安萘德软膏中醋酸曲安萘德的含量。方法 Kromasil C₁₈(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇水乙醚(62∶38∶2);流量1.0ml·min^-1;检测波长为240nm。采用炔诺酮作内标物质。结果 醋酸曲安萘德在0.16～0.79μg范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9998(n=5),平均回收率为100.7%(n=5),RSD为0.97%。结论 本法简便、准确,可以控制该制剂的质量。     

曲安奈德配合金纳多治疗单侧急性低频下降型感音神经性聋

目的探讨耳后注射曲安奈德配合金纳多银杏叶提取物片治疗单侧急性低频下降型感音神经性聋(ALHL)临床疗效。方法选取2014-05—2016-09开封市祥符区中医院收治的78例单侧ALHL患者,通过随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组各39例。对照组采用舒血宁注射液+地塞米松注射液治疗,研究组采用曲安奈德+金纳多银杏叶提取物片治疗,2组均持续治疗10d。疗程结束后对比2组临床疗效、不良反应发生率,分析治疗前后血清免疫功能指标(IgM、IgG、CD3~+、CD4~+)水平变化。结果研究组总有效率为94.87%(37/39),高于对照组的74.36%(29/39),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前2组IgM、IgG、CD3~+、CD4~+水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后研究组IgM、IgG、CD3~+、CD4~+水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率7.69%(3/39),与对照组10.26%(4/39)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论耳后注射曲安奈德配合金纳多银杏叶提取物片治疗单侧ALHL效果显著,可有效提高患者听力水平,且对改善其免疫功能具有重要作用,安全性较高,值得推广。     

康宁克通治疗腱鞘囊肿的临床疗效

目的:探讨康宁克通对腱鞘囊肿的治疗效果。方法:选择腱鞘囊肿患者48例,随机分为观察组与对照组各24例,观察组给予康宁克通-A注射封闭治疗,对照组给予醋酸泼尼松+2%利多卡因联合封闭治疗,观察两组疗效及不良反应。结果:观察组总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.169 2,P=0.023 0),两组不良反应发生率相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.167 2,P=0.682 6)。结论:康宁克通-A治疗腱鞘囊肿效果良好,安全可靠,对于不愿手术而选择封闭注射治疗的患者,可优先考虑。     

醋酸曲安奈德注射液中硫柳汞的测定方法研究

目的建立醋酸曲安奈德注射液中硫柳汞的HPLC测定方法。方法以C18柱为固定相;甲醇-pH=5.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液(35:65)为流动相;流速:1mL/min;柱温:25℃;检测波长:248nm;进样量:20μL。结果硫柳汞在进样量为0.0505~0.824μg范围内线性关系良好。回归方程为:Y=5.248×105 X+131.2,r=0.999 6。平均回收率为99.32%,RSD=1.3%。结论该法选择性好、灵敏度高、重现性好、准确度高。可用于控制醋酸曲安奈德注射液中硫柳汞的含量。     

玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的临床观察

目的观察玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德(TA)治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)继发黄斑水肿的临床效果及安全性。方法收集我院2013年1~6月收治RVO继发黄斑水肿患者23例(23只眼),给予玻璃体腔内注射TA0.1 ml(4 mg),术后3个月复查荧光素眼底血管造影及相干光断层成像,观察黄斑水肿的变化。结果视力提高2行或以上12只眼(52.17%),视力波动在1行以内8只眼(30.43%),视力无变化3只眼(13.04%)。黄斑水肿减退、渗漏消失8只眼(34.78%),黄斑水肿减轻、渗漏明显减少13只眼(56.52%),黄斑水肿、渗漏不变2只眼(8.7%)。黄斑中心凹平均厚度为(301.25±87.49)μm。并发症:1只眼术后第1天出现了眼压增高,用降眼压药物控制正常后无复发。1只眼术后第1天出现了假性前房积脓,观察1周后积脓消失。结论玻璃体腔内注射TA治疗RVO继发黄斑水肿是一种有效且安全可行的方法。