棘突间动态稳定装置Coflex治疗退行性腰椎疾病的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨棘突间动态稳定装置Coflex治疗退行性腰椎疾病的临床疗效.方法 回顾性研究我院2009年1月至2013年12月采用Coflex治疗的173例退行性腰椎疾病患者.单纯Coflex治疗104例,男47例,女57例;年龄27～84岁,平均57.8岁;Topping-off治疗69例,男37例,女32例,年龄39～78岁,平均59.4岁.记录手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症.选用Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)、视觉模拟评分(visual analoguescale,VAS)评价临床疗效.拍摄腰椎站立位的正侧位X片,测量并记录Coflex节段的术前、术后3个月、术后1年、终末随访时的椎间角度和椎体后缘高度.结果 本组随访12～64个月,平均(28.1±12.2)个月.单纯Coflex的平均手术时间(92.2±24.6)min,平均出血量(195.5±62.2) ml;Topping-off的平均手术时间(173.7±28.7)min,平均出血量(415.5±80.7)ml.单纯Coflex术后伤口感染2例,术后5年翻修1例;Topping-off术后伤口感染2例,椎管内血肿2例,术后3年Coflex置入节段翻修1例,术后3年融合节段下位椎间盘突出行二次手术l例.术后1年随访的腰痛及腿痛VAS评分、ODI评分与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Coflex置入节段术后3个月椎间角度均小于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后1年、终末椎间角度与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后3个月椎体后缘高度均大于术前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后1年、终末椎体后缘高度与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 棘突间动态稳定装置Coflex治疗退行性腰椎疾病的中短期随访临床疗效满意,Coflex节段的椎间角度及椎体后缘高度术后短期内可获得明显的改善.     

Anschlussdegeneration Langzeitkomplikation nach lumbaler Fusion

BackgroundThe development of pathology at the adjacent segment after a lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion has been termed “Adjacent Segment Disease” (ASD). It is considered a potential late consequence of spinal fusion that can necessitate further surgical intervention and adversely affect outcomes. However, segmental fusion is commonly used as the gold standard in the treatment of progressed or high-grade degenerative lumbar instability despite the frequent degeneration. Another problem in the surgical treatment is that there are many different kinds of degenerative pathologies in the adjacent segment, e.g. spinal stenosis and spondylarthrosis, making it difficult for the surgeon to decide between decompression of the adjacent segment or extension of the spinal fusion. The aim of this review is to present the problem of ASD and to discuss it with the results of a recently completed retrospective epidemiological case-control study, long-term follow-up of mono- and bisegmental spinal fusion with an interlaminar implant used as a “Topping-off”, as well as with data from the literature.Materials and MethodsSelective literature review and summary of the results of the case-control study with mono- and bisegmental spinal fusion and a dynamic implant as a “Topping-off”.ResultsThere are many reasons for degeneration in the adjacent segment after lumbar spinal fusion. Frequently it occurs in association with a chronic instability due to a degenerative disc disease with herniation, spondylolisthesis, instability, arthrosis of the facet joints or spinal stenosis. Even the instrumentation, the length of the fusion, the sagittal malalignement, a lesion of the facet joints by setting the pedicle screws, the patient's age and preexisting degeneration or the “normal” process of degeneration of the adjacent segment are listed as potential risk factors. The retrospective study showed 43 months postoperatively partially significant clinical and radiological differences from the comparison group. The results showed a graded Range of motion (harmonic transition) of the fusion segments over the decompressed and with an interlaminar implant provided segment towards to the adjacent segment. An objective, radiological confirmation by randomized, prospective studies with larger patient groups is desirable.ConclusionThe ASD as a long-term consequence after lumbar fusion is frequent. If there is already a pathology in the adjacent segment with an indication for a decompression, it seems useful to provide this segment with a hybrid construction (fusion and dynamic stabilization following the fusion) to be able to do a greater decompression with simultaneous stabilization of the segment long-term.     

改良Topping-off技术治疗多节段腰椎退行性疾病

目的:探讨采用改良Topping-off技术治疗多节段腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效.方法:自2019年10月至2020年5月,选取84例多节段腰椎退行性疾病患者按临床路径进行手术设计,按照手术方法不同分为改良Top-ping-off 手术治疗组42例(改良Topping-off组)及多节段全椎板减压椎间植骨融合钉棒系统内固...     

Comparison of Topping-off and posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery in lumbar degenerative disease: a retrospective study

Background  Topping-off surgery is a newly-developed surgical technique which combines rigid fusion with an interspinous process device in the adjacent segment to prevent adjacent segment degeneration. There are few reports on Topping-off surgery and its rationality and indications remains highly controversial. Our study aims to investigate the short-term and mid-term clinical results of Topping-off surgery in preventing adjacent segment degeneration when mild or moderate adjacent segment degeneration existed before surgery.

Methods  The 25 cases that underwent L5-S1 posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) + L4-L5 interspinous process surgeries between April 2008 and March 2010 formed Topping-off group. The 42 cases undergoing L5-S1 PLIF surgery formed PLIF group. Both groups matched in gender, age, body mass index and Pfirrmann grading (4 to 6). The patients were evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) scores before surgery and in the last follow-up. Modic changes of endplates were recorded.

Results  The follow-up averaged 24.8 and 23.7 months. No symptomatic or radiological adjacent segment degeneration was observed. There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss or postoperative drainage. VAS and lumbar JOA scores improved significantly in both groups (t=12.1 and 13.5, P <0.05). Neither anterior nor posterior disc height was significantly changed. Segmental lordosis of L4-L5 and total lordosis were all increased significantly (Topping-off group: t=−2.30 and −2.24,P <0.05; PLIF group: t=−2.76 and −1.83,P <0.01). In the hyperextension and hyperflexion view, Topping-off group’s range of motion (ROM) and olisthesis in the L4-L5 segment did not significantly change in flexion, but decreased in extension. In PLIF group, ROM (t=−7.82 and −4.90,P <0.01) and olisthesis (t=−15.67 and −18.58, P <0.01) both significantly increased in extension and flexion. 

Conclusions  Compared with single segment PLIF surgery, Topping-off surgery can achieve similar symptomatic improvement in cases with pre-existing mild or moderate adjacent segment degeneration, restrict the adjacent segment’s ROM in extension and prevent excessive olisthesis of adjacent segment in both extension and flexion. 

     

Topping-off手术与后路融合术治疗退变性腰椎疾病的临床治疗效果对比分析

目的 比较Topping-off手术与经后路椎间融合术(posterior interbody fusion,PIF)治疗退变性腰椎疾病(degenerative lumbar disease,DLD)的临床治疗效果。方法 以2015年12月至2017年12月在首都医科大学宣武医院因DLD接受手术治疗的患者为研究对象,选择其中采用Topping-off术式治疗的40例患者为Topping-off组,按照组间主要基线特征匹配的原则选择采用PIF术式治疗的60例患者为PIF组。对所有患者术前及术后2年腰痛程度及腰椎功能进行评分,使用屈伸位腰椎X线片测量L2/3、L3/4及L2-4节段活动度(range of motion, ROM),使用改良Pfirrmann评分评估术前术后L2/3节段椎间盘退变程度。结果 Topping-off组手术时间明显短于PIF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Topping-off组术中出血量小于PIF组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2年Topping-off组L3/4节段ROM较术前降低(P<0.05),L2/3节段ROM较术前无明显改变(P>0.05);而PIF组L2/3节段ROM较术前显著增加(P<0.05)。两组间L2-4节段术后2年ROM差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在术后2年,PIF组L2/3节段改良Pfirrmann评分较Topping-off组高,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Topping-off术与PIF术均能显著改善DLD预后,但Topping-off手术能预防或延缓邻近节段退变发生,对临床诊疗策略选择有重要指导意义。     

Topping-off手术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的影像学分析

目的:评价Topping-off手术治疗连续双节段腰椎退行性疾病的影像学改变。方法 :2008年8月~2012年12月,35例连续双节段腰椎退行性椎管狭窄症(其中上位病变节段为轻或中度退变)患者在我院接受手术治疗。其中男23例,女12例,年龄62.6±18.9岁(30~79岁)。所有患者均接受腰椎单节段融合(PLIF)+上位节段棘突间动态稳定(置入Coflex)手术(Topping-off手术),其中L4/5置入Coflex+L5/S1融合14例,L3/4置入Coflex+L4/5融合21例。回顾性分析患者术前及末次随访时X线片上Coflex置入节段及其上位相邻节段的椎间隙高度、椎间活动度、椎体偏移、椎间隙角及腰椎前凸角;在MRI上对Coflex置入节段和其上位相邻节段椎间盘退变情况进行改良Pfirrmann分级。结果:患者均安全完成手术,手术时间为112±21min(95~155min),出血量为403±111ml(300~520ml)。均未出现硬脊膜破裂、神经损伤等相关并发症。随访24.8±12.8个月(11~65个月)。术后末次随访时Coflex置入节段及其上位相邻节段椎间隙前缘高度、椎间隙后缘高度与术前比较均无统计学意义(P0.05);Coflex置入节段椎间隙角较术前显著性增大(t=-1.8,P0.05);Coflex上位相邻节段椎间隙活动度(过伸位角度-过屈位角度)、椎间隙角及腰椎前凸角与术前比较均无统计学意义(P0.05)。24例随访2年以上患者MRI检查显示Coflex置入节段及其上位相邻节段椎间盘的改良Pfirrmann分级情况与术前相同。结论:Topping-off手术可以保持Coflex置入节段良好的稳定性,并保留该节段部分运动功能及其上位相邻节段节段正常活动,减少了上位相邻节段退变发生的危险因素。     

三维有限元法分析腰骶区椎间融合联合置入棘突间动态内固定装置后腰椎的生物力学变化

文题释义： Topping-off技术：在融合节段的相邻节段置入棘突间动态内固定装置,以期望达到保护相邻节段目的的一种手术方式。 腰骶区：腰椎与骨盆环相连的区域,即L5/S1节段,应力集中,腰椎节段中活动度最大,融合后对腰椎影响最大。 背景：Topping-off技术通过将腰椎融合和棘突间动态内固定系统(Coflex)结合,在实现充分减压的同时也能够对相邻节段予以保护。目前将Topping-off技术应用于腰骶区需要融合同时相邻节段存在退变的年轻患者的相关力学研究尚未见报道。 目的：建立腰骶交界区Topping-off有限元模型,分析邻近节段生物力学及全腰椎活动度的变化趋势。 方法：随机选择1名健康年轻男性志愿者,既往无腰部外伤史及腰痛病史,经签署志愿同意书后,行薄层CT扫描,获取影像学资料。将图像信息导入计算机,依次通过Mimics、Geomagic Studio 12.0、HyperMesh、Abaqus对图像信息进行分析建立全腰椎模型,即健康组模型。验证模型的有效性后,在健康组模型的基础上改变L₄-S₁椎间盘材料属性建立椎间盘中度退变模型,并在退变模型的基础上分别建立融合模型和Topping-off 模型。然后分别计算4组模型在施加400 N的预载荷和10 N•m的扭转力矩后L₂-L₅节段活动度变化趋势及L₄/L₅椎间盘、髓核以及关节突关节的应力变化。 结果与结论：①Topping-off模型与融合模型腰椎活动度较退变模型减小,且Topping-off模型比融合模型减小更明显;②融合模型术后L₄-L₅活动度较退变模型显著增加,L₂/L₃、L₃/L₄节段活动度相比退变模型并无明显改变;Topping-off模型L₄-L₅活动度较退变模型减小,L₂/L₃、L₃/L₄节段活动度相比退变模型在前屈及后伸体位下均有一定程度增加;③相比退变模型,融合模型L₄-L₅节段在前屈、后伸、左旋、左侧弯4个体位下,椎间盘、髓核、关节突关节应力均增大,而Topping-off模型纤维应力在4个体位下均降低;④说明Topping-off技术不仅能够降低上位相邻节段椎间盘、髓核和关节突的关节应力,而且能够减少相邻节段过度活动,增加上位其他节段的活动度,进而在代偿腰椎活动度的同时延缓相邻节段退变。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5167-9151(曹亮亮) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

动态固定椎弓根螺钉在腰椎退行性疾病Topping-off手术中应用的早期临床疗效

目的:评价动态固定椎弓根螺钉在腰椎退行性疾病Topping-off手术中应用的早期临床疗效。方法 :2018年1月～2019年12月间在我院脊柱外科对43例因腰椎退行性疾病需要进行腰椎融合手术且相邻节段已出现影像学改变的患者通过动态固定椎弓根螺钉进行Topping-off手术,其中男性25例,女18例,平均年龄61±6岁(52～76岁);双节段手术32例,三节段手术11例;L2/3动态固定8例,L3/4动态固定19例,L4/5动态固定16例;头端动态固定39例,尾端动态固定4例。回顾性分析患者术前、术后的腰/腿痛疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及改良Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)以及动态固定节段与其相邻节段椎间盘改良Pfirrmann分级、椎间盘高度(DSH)和关节活动范围(ROM)等。结果:全组病例均顺利完成手术,术后随访时间均为12个月,均未出现神经损伤及内置物相关并发症;平均手术时间107±16min(90～150min),平均术中出血量平均280±72ml(200～450ml),平均住院时间9±2d(7～12d);腰/腿痛VAS和ODI术后、术后3个月及术后1年均较术前明显改善(P0.05);动态固定节段及其相邻节段椎间盘Pfirrmann分级在术前以及术后1年时均无明显差异(P0.05),但在术前动态固定节段椎间盘Pfirrmann分级低于或等于Ⅴ级时术前与术后1年椎间盘退变情况有差异(P0.05);动态固定节段及其相邻节段ROM、DSH在术前、术后3个月以及术后1年时均无明显差异(P0.05)。结论 :动态固定椎弓根螺钉在腰椎退行性疾病Topping-off手术中具有良好的早期临床疗效,能够保留腰椎融合术相邻节段一定的活动度,有效维持术后椎间隙高度以及椎间盘状态。