2,4—D对甜橙幼果脱落及离区纤维素酶活性的抑制效应

暗柳橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)第一次生理落果期(3月下旬～4月中旬)的果实外植体脱落过程中,离区纤维素酶A、B的活性明显升高,第二次落果(4月下旬～5月中旬)期的果实脱落过程中,纤维素酶A的活性也显著提高,但纤维素酶B活性变化较小。细胞内、外纤维素酶的活性在外植体脱落过程中也不断升高。2,4—D能明显抑制胞内、外纤维素酶及纤维素酶A的活性,同时还能抑制外植体及非离休果实内乙烯的产生,但对纤维素酶B活性的影响无明显效应。田间喷布低浓度的2,4—D,明显地减少第一次生理落果,但对第二次落果的作用不如赤霉素。本文还讨论了果实的脱落、纤维素酶活性与乙烯之间的相互关系,及2,4—D的调控作用。并认为采用外植体的方法不失为研究脱落问题的有效手段。     

Sucrose sham feeding decreases accumbens norepinephrine in the rat

Noradrenergic projections from the dorsomedial medulla reach the shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a structure implicated in both reward and feeding behavior. Despite this relationship, the effect of food reward on accumbens norepinephrine (NE) remains uninvestigated. In the course of assessing dopamine (DA) in the NAcc during sucrose ingestion [0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 M; Am. J. Physiol., Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 286 (2004) R31], we also analyzed NE in the microdialysis samples from 14 ad-libitum-fed male rats. In contrast to DA, which increased with sucrose concentration (+20-47%) during sham feeding, in the same animals, NE levels were reduced (approximately -20%), regardless of sucrose concentration. These results demonstrate a novel relationship between accumbens DA and NE during orosensory stimulation with a preferred nutrient.     

Disorders characterized by predominant or exclusive dermal inflammation

Some cutaneous inflammatory disorders are typified by a predominant or exclusive localization in the dermis. They can be further subdivided by the principal cell types into lymphocytic, neutrophilic, and eosinophilic infiltrates, and mixtures of them are also seen in a proportion of cases. This review considers such conditions. Included among the lymphoid lesions are viral exanthems, pigmented purpuras, gyrate erythemas, polymorphous light eruption, lupus tumidus, and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Neutrophilic infiltrates are represented by infections, Sweet syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, and hidradenitis suppurativa, as well as a group of so-called “autoinflammatory” dermatitides comprising polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Eosinophil-dominated lesions include arthropod bite reactions, cutaneous parasitic infestations, the urticarial phase of bullous pemphigoid, Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis), hypereosinophilic syndrome, and Churg-Strauss disease. In other conditions, eosinophils are admixed with neutrophils in the corium, with or without small-vessel vasculitis. Exemplary disorders with those patterns include drug eruptions, chronic idiopathic urticaria, urticarial vasculitis, granuloma faciale, and Schnitzler syndrome (chronic urticarial with a monoclonal gammopathy).     

Dermatoses réactionnelles rares après radiothérapie : une série de cas avec cancer du sein

Radiotherapy's main skin toxicities are now well-separated, acute (acute radiation dermatitis) or chronic complications (chronic radiation dermatitis, induced cutaneous carcinoma, aesthetic sequelae). Exceptionally, radiotherapy may induce, by isomorphic reaction or Koebner's phenomenon, some specific dermatosis. In this article, we report five new observations of these unusual complications of radiation therapy, occurring in very variable time after breast irradiation and remaining strictly localized in the irradiated field (cutaneous mastocytosis, Sweet syndrome, lichen planus, vitiligo). These cases emphasize the need to realize a systematic histological exam if any atypical skin lesion appears after radiotherapy, even long after.     

Ivor Lewis和Sweet术式治疗食管癌疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的:探讨食管癌切除术Ivor Lewis和Sweet两种术式的临床治疗效果及心肺保护作用。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMBASE、CNKI、Wanfang Data、VIP和CBM数据库，最终纳入24篇文献，其中包括21篇病例对照研究、3篇随机对照研究(RCT)，总共包含5 082例患者，其中行Ivor Lewis术式患者2 241例，行Sweet术式患者2 841例。采用RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果:术后心血管并发症发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.50，95%CI(0.25,1.01)，P=0.05］，差异有统计学意义。术后肺部并发症发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.69,95%CI(0.48,0.99)，P=0.04］，差异有统计学意义。术后吻合口瘘发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.83,95%CI(0.51,1.35)，P=0.45］，差异无统计学意义。术后喉返神经损伤发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=1.57，95%CI(0.75,3.27)，P=0.23］，差异无统计学意义。3年生存率Meta分析结果得出［OR=1.91，95%CI(1.29,2.81)，P=0.001］，Ivor Lewis组患者术后3年生存率高于Sweet组，差异有统计学意义。手术时间Meta分析结果得出［MD=30.61,95%CI(14.48,46.74),P=0.000 2］，差异有统计学意义。淋巴结清扫数目Meta分析结果得出［MD=5.81,95%CI(4.63,6.99),P＜0.001］，差异有统计学意义。术中出血量Meta分析结果得出［MD=4.54,95%CI(-4.54，13.63)，P=0.33］，差异无统计学意义。术后住院天数Meta分析结果得出［MD=-0.59,95%CI(-1.80,0.61),P=0.33］，差异无统计学意义。结论:与Sweet手术相比，Ivor Lewis手术在淋巴结清扫、心肺并发症发生率以及生存率方面有较大优势。而在手术时间方面，传统Sweet手术更具优势。     

Efficacy of acitretin in the treatment of reactive neutrophilic dermatoses in adult-onset immunodeficiency due to interferon-gamma autoantibody

Reactive neutrophilic dermatoses in adult-onset immunodeficiency due to interferon-γ autoantibody (AOID) are usually associated with concomitant active opportunistic infections. Data focusing on the treatment of these dermatoses with non-immunosuppressive drugs are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of acitretin treatment of reactive neutrophilic dermatoses in AOID. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with AOID who had reactive neutrophilic dermatoses and had been treated with acitretin from January 2008 to December 2018. In total, 23 patients had been diagnosed with AOID, with 27 episodes of reactive neutrophilic dermatoses (20 episodes of Sweet syndrome and seven episodes of generalized pustular eruption) and treated with acitretin. The median effective dose of acitretin was 10 mg/day. The mean initial response was 5.6 ± 2.3 days. The rash had almost or completely cleared within 2 weeks in 70.4% of patients. One case had developed a reversible acitretin-induced liver injury with hepatocellular pattern. The median total duration of treatment was 3 months. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential role of acitretin as one of the treatments of choice for reactive neutrophilic dermatoses in AOID, attributable to its favorable response and good tolerability.     

An interesting case of pyoderma gangrenosum with immature hystiocytoid neutrophils

We present a unique case of a 36‐year‐old male who developed more than 20 pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) ulcers showing on histopathology a dense inflammatory infiltrate composed of histiocytoid mononuclear immature cells with a strong positivity for myeloperoxidase and Leder stain, suggesting a myeloid lineage in the absence of a concomitant myeloproliferative disorder. Histiocytoid Sweet syndrome (SS) is now recognized as a histological subtype of SS. Although PG and SS belong to the spectrum of neutrophilic diseases, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a “Histiocytoid pyoderma gangrenosum” encompassing immature granulocytes in the absence of leukemia cutis.     

Determining an efficient deep brain stimulation target in essential tremor - Cohort study and review of the literature

IntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly efficacious treatment for essential tremor (ET). Still, the optimal anatomical target in the (sub)thalamic area is a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal target of DBS for ET regarding beneficial clinical outcome and impact on activities of daily living as well as stimulation-induced side effects and compare it with previously published coordinates.MethodsIn 30 ET patients undergoing bilateral DBS, severity of tremor was assessed by blinded video ratings before and at 1-year follow-up with DBS ON and OFF. Tremor scores and reported side effects and volumes of tissue activated were used to create a probabilistic map of DBS efficiency and side effects.ResultsDBS was effective both in tremor suppression as well as in improving patient reported outcomes, which were positively correlated. The “sweet spot” for tremor suppression was located inferior of the VIM in the subthalamic area, close to the superior margin of the zona incerta. The Euclidean distance of active contacts to this spot as well as to 10 of 13 spots from the literature review was predictive of individual outcome. A cluster associated with the occurrence of ataxia was located in direct vicinity of the “sweet spot”.ConclusionOur findings suggest the highest clinical efficacy of DBS in the posterior subthalamic area, lining up with previously published targets likely representing the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract. Side effects may not necessarily indicate lead misplacement, but should encourage clinicians to employ novel DBS programing options.     

《伤寒杂病论》中“和百药”药对的应用探析

目的:基于"甘能缓"理论,对张仲景《伤寒杂病论》中应用"和百药"药对的配伍规律。方法:选取符合"甘能缓"理论的张仲景"和百药"药对标准的经方建立数据库,采用频数分析、网络图链接关系、关联规则等方法探讨张仲景的"和百药"药对的用药及配伍规律。结果:在166方中,有122味药物,其中最常用甘草进行药对配伍。数据挖掘得出与甘草高频配伍的有毒药为半夏、附子、苦杏仁,解毒关联规则13条、强链接2组,得到药对"甘草-附子""蜂蜜-乌头"等;缓和药性关联规则24条、强链接11组,得到药对"甘草-石膏-麻黄""甘草-桂枝"等。结论:"和百药"药物可通过药对配伍缓和药物毒性、缓和药物寒热之性、缓和药力、缓留药效、缓和药物滋味。     

5种马鞭草科药用植物的抗补体活性

采用细胞溶血法考察了千解草(Pygmaeopremna herbacea)、白花灯笼(Clerodendrum fortunatum L.)、尖尾枫[Callicarpa longissima(Hemsl.)Merr.]、赪桐[Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet]及臭茉莉(Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var.simplex Moldenke)等5种马鞭草科药用植物提取物经典途径和旁路途径的抗补体活性。结果表明:千解草水提取物、白花灯笼水提取物和醇提取物、尖尾枫水提取物和醇提取物、赪桐醇提取物及臭茉莉醇提取物有较强的经典途径抗补体活性,对经典途径的抗补体活性(CH50)分别为0.092±0.008,0.074±0.008,0.088±0.006,0.134±0.017,0.123±0.010,0.380±0.080及0.200±0.015 g/L;仅千解草和尖尾枫水提取物及白花灯笼醇提取物具有旁路途径抗补体活性,对旁路途径的抗补体活性(AP50)分别为0.533±0.033,0.758±0.031和0.362±0.029 g/L。因此,5种植物均具有不同程度的抗补体活性,其中白花灯笼醇提取物抗补体活性最强。