番荔枝开花生物学与人工授粉研究

对三年生番荔枝（Ancnona squamosa L.)实生树的开花生物学和人工授粉进行了研究并发现；番荔枝的花有两荔异熟现象，人工授粉能提高座果率，简便而有效的方法是用毛笔直接从树上花药自然裂开的花上聚花粉并立即授在花药没裂开的花上，授粉后两周的座果率达87．9％，授 在花药裂开的花上，座果率为5．3％，与对照照座果率4．4％没有区别，说明花药裂开柱头容受性完全消失，花药裂开时间与品种特有关，目前，广东栽培的番荔枝分为花药早上裂开和傍开两种类型，这两种类型的不同品种之间授粉也能提高座果率，授粉后两周的座果率为83．3％。说明花裂开关12h柱头容受性仍完全正常。     

Stigma rises despite antiretroviral roll-out: A longitudinal analysis in South Africa

Stigma is a recognised problem for effective prevention, treatment, and care of HIV/AIDS. However, few studies have measured changes in the magnitude and character of stigma over time. This paper provides the first quantitative evaluation in Africa of the changing nature of stigma and the potential determinants of these changes. More specifically, it evaluates the dynamic relationship between stigma and (1) increased personal contact with people living with HIV/AIDS and (2) knowing people who died of AIDS. Panel survey data collected in Cape town 2003 and 2006 for 1074 young adults aged 14–22 years were used to evaluate changes in three distinct dimensions of stigma: behavioural intentions towards people living with HIV/AIDS; instrumental stigma; and symbolic stigma. Individual fixed effects regression models are used to evaluate factors that influence stigma over time. Each dimension of stigma increased in the population as a whole, and for all racial and gender sub-groups. Symbolic stigma increased the most, followed by instrumental stigma, while negative behavioural intentions showed a modest increase. Knowing someone who died of AIDS was significantly associated with an increase in instrumental stigma and symbolic stigma, while increased personal contact with people living with HIV/AIDS was not significantly associated with any changes in stigma. Despite interventions, such as public-sector provision of antiretroviral treatment (which some hoped would have reduced stigma), stigma increased among a sample highly targeted with HIV-prevention messages. These findings emphasise that changes in stigma are difficult to predict and thus important to monitor. They also indicate the imperative for renewed efforts to reduce stigma, perhaps through interventions to weaken the association between HIV/AIDS and death, to reduce fear of HIV/AIDS, and to recast HIV as a chronic manageable disease.     

Sleep Problems among Mothers of Youth Stopped by the Police

Police stops are the most common form of criminal justice exposure in the USA, and are particularly common among urban youth, with 23% of them reporting a stop by the age of 15. While recent work has begun to illuminate the health impacts of police stops for these youth, little is known about the health consequences of youth police contact for the mothers of youth stopped by the police. The current study employs data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), a sample of urban, at-risk youth and their families. Multivariate logistic regression models are conducted to examine the link between youth police stops and sleep difficulties among mothers. Additional analyses examine whether the features and consequences of police stops are associated with sleep difficulties among mothers. The findings indicate that mothers with youth who have experienced police stops are more than twice as likely to report both depression- and anxiety-related sleep difficulties compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, stops with certain features—including those characterized by intrusiveness, high trauma, and high stigma—emerged as consistently significant predictors of maternal sleep difficulties. The findings suggest that mothers who are vicariously exposed to police contact via their children are a vulnerable group. Given the non-random distribution of police contact across the population of youth, with police contact concentrated among children of color, the findings suggest that police contact may exacerbate racial inequalities in sleep, which may itself contribute to racial disparities in broader mental and physical health outcomes.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11524-021-00518-1.     

Stigma in place: Black gay men's experiences of the rural South

Black gay men (MSM) in the rural United States South are inequitably burdened by stigmatization and the HIV epidemic. Drawing from twelve oral history interviews with middle-aged and older Black gay narrators from rural North Carolina, this research explores the impact of sexual marginalization and the HIV epidemic on lived experiences of the rural South. Despite describing increasingly empowered views of HIV and sexual health, narrators expressed persistent difficulty managing social determinants of HIV vulnerability—sexual stigma and disconnection from LGBTQ collectivity. Narrators reported better managing sexual marginalization over their lifetimes in urban settings and places outside of the South such as New York (NY). This research suggests stressful structural and interpersonal experiences of stigma may define lived experiences of particular settings.     

PLIF手术部位早期感染的危险因素

【摘要】 目的 探讨HIV感染者/AIDS患者的病耻感水平并分析其影响因素及其与生活质量相关性。方法 采用一般资料调查表、社会影响量表（SIS）及SF36量表对2016年10月~2017年11月在北京佑安医院性病艾滋病门诊复诊的278例门诊HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行问卷调查并分析。结果 HIV感染者/AIDS患者病耻感标准化总分为(6690±1277) 分,不同婚姻状况、文化程度、月收入、有无稳定住所、HIV感染时间、感染途径的患者病耻感水平比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜005）。患者在情感职能、心理健康维度与SIS总分及各维度得分均呈负相关(均P＜005)。多元回归分析显示,有无稳定住所、感染时间、感染途径、情感职能及心理健康均与HIV感染者/AIDS患者病耻感相关。结论 HIV感染者/AIDS患者的病耻感水平受多种因素的影响,并与生活质量、情感职能及心理健康方面呈负相关,应引起临床医护人员的重视。     

认知行为干预对子宫内膜癌手术患者术后病耻感及自我效能的影响

目的 探讨认知行为干预对子宫内膜癌手术患者术后病耻感及自我效能的影响.方法 选取2017年1月—2019年12月医院收治的子宫内膜癌手术患者80例为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,各40例.对照组予以常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予认知行为干预,比较两组患者干预8周后病耻感及自我效能...     

玉米须的HPLC指纹图谱

目的:建立玉米须HPLC指纹图谱的测定方法。方法:采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),检测波长273 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μL,流速0.8 m L·min-1,以甲醇(A)-0.2%磷酸水溶液(B)为流动相梯度洗脱。结果:24批样品中的色谱峰得到了有效分离,确定了18个共有峰,其中11号峰是芦丁,15号峰是芹菜素。结论:HPLC指纹图谱对饮片的质量评价分类也应参考聚类分析和主成分分析,本实验建立的HPLC指纹图谱为玉米须饮片质量标准的评价提供了参考。     

脑卒中患者社会疏离及影响因素研究

目的 探讨脑卒中患者社会疏离现状及影响因素,为干预性研究提供依据。方法 应用一般情况调查表、Lubben社会网络量表、孤独感量表、脑卒中病耻感量表、自我感受负担量表,于2022年9月采用整群随机取样对河南省脑卒中患者进行调查。应用t检验、单因素方差分析、多元逐步线性回归进行分析。结果 共纳入患者1 028名,其中27.7%患者存在客观社会疏离,10.6%患者存在家庭隔离,8.9%患者存在朋友隔离,41.0%存在高风险社会隔离,27.8%患者存在主观社会疏离。客观社会疏离总分为（15.61±5.37）分,主观社会疏离总分为（41.65±9.08）分,处于中等水平。自我感受负担、病耻感与主观社会疏离呈正相关。多元逐步分析结果显示,自我感受负担、病耻感、文化程度、脑卒中发作次数、TOAST分型是其主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 脑卒中患者客观社会疏离较常见,主观社会疏离处于中等水平。在护理工作中应重点关注文化程度低、病情重、复发、自我感受负担和病耻感高的患者,采取针对性的干预措施。     

Reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI) in patients with stroke

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI) in patients with stroke.

Methods In total, 220 patients with stroke were recruited to complete the scale. The reliability of the SSCI was evaluated using internal consistency and test–retest methods. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify domains of the SSCI. Convergent validity was determined by analyzing the correlation between SSCI scores, activities of daily living (ADL) and depression.

Results Construct validity was determined by factor analysis, extracting three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining 30.5%, 25.7%, and 8.5% of the variance, respectively, and accounting for 64.8% of the variance. All items had factor loadings above 0.40. The first factor comprised questions related to ‘self-stigma’ (items 1–13). The second (items 14–22) and third (items 23–24) factors aggregated questions related to ‘enacted stigma’. In terms of convergent validity, the SSCI total scale was moderately correlated to the Barthel Index (BI) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Cronbach’s alpha value (internal reliability) for the total SSCI score was 0.949, and the intraclass correlation coefficient value (test-retest reliability) was 0.802.

Discussion The results provide initial evidence that the SSCI is a reliable and validated measure for evaluating stigma in stroke patients in China.     

Handicap visible : de la reconnaissance du stigmate et du déni de déviance à la revendication de droits

This article brings new insight into the relationship between disability studies and the sociology of handicap as “deviance” and “stigma”. Disability studies grew up in a tight connection with the disability rights movement, but one of their roots was the new way of conceiving delinquency, addiction, madness, homosexuality, and handicap, which emerged in the 1960s. Eliot Freidson (1966) shifted the attention from the “disabled”, treated as patients to rehabilitate, to “handicap makers”. The relevant question was then: which are the professional jurisdictions of specialists appointed to “cure” disabled people? In which organizational arenas is disability institutionalized as a problem to be solved? Fred Davis (1961), for his part, explored another dimension, closer to Erving Goffman (1963): how are stigma co-produced, reified, or denied in encounter situations between people with and without disabilities? More specifically, how is the “visible handicap” handled in such face-to-face interactions? A third way has been worked by John Kitsuse in 1980 with his concept of “tertiary deviance.” In line with the 1960s sociology of deviance as “secondary deviation”, this concept of “tertiary deviance” recognizes the ability of persons with disabilities to act, to claim rights, to invent collective identities, and to experience and create new life ecologies.