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排序方式: 共有470条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Vaccine》2020,38(3):570-577
IntroductionPediatric pneumococcal pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic pleural effusion/empyema (PPE/PE) remains a major concern despite general immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).MethodsIn a nationwide pediatric hospital surveillance study in Germany we identified 584 children <18 years of age with bacteriologically confirmed PPE/PE from October 2010 to June 2018. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified by culture and/or PCR of blood samples and/or pleural fluid and serotyped.ResultsS. pneumoniae was identified in 256 of 584 (43.8%) children by culture (n = 122) and/or PCR (n = 207). The following pneumococcal serotypes were detected in 114 children: serotype 3 (42.1%), 1 (25.4%), 7F (12.3%), 19A (7.9%), other PCV13 serotypes (4.4%) and non-PCV13 serotypes (7.9%). Between October 2010 and June 2014 serotype 1 (38.1%) and serotype 3 (25.4%) were most prevalent, whereas between July 2014 and June 2018 serotype 3 (62.7%) and non-PCV13 serotypes (15.7%) were dominant. Compared to children with other pneumococcal serotypes, children with serotype 3 associated PPE/PE were younger (median 3.2 years [IQR 2.1–4.3 years] vs. median 5.6 years [IQR 3.8–8.2 years]; p < 0.001) and more frequently admitted to intensive care (43 [89.6%] vs. 48 [73.8%]; p = 0.04). Seventy-six of 114 (66.7%) children with pneumococcal PPE/PE had been vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccines. Thirty-nine of 76 (51.3%) had received a vaccine covering the serotype detected. Thirty of these 39 breakthrough cases were age-appropriately vaccinated with PCV13 and considered vaccine failures, including 26 children with serotype 3, three children with serotype 19A and one child with serotype 1.ConclusionFollowing the introduction of PCV13 in general childhood vaccination we observed a strong emergence of serotype 3 associated PPE/PE in the German pediatric population, including a considerable number of younger children with serotype 3 vaccine breakthrough cases and failures. Future PCVs should not only cover newly emerging serotypes, but also include a more effective component against serotype 3. 相似文献
2.
B. Midouni E. Mehiri A. Ghariani H. Draoui L. Essalah I. Bouzouita D. Raoult L. Slim-Saidi P.E. Fournier 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2019,53(1):63-69
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in a Tunisian pneumology hospital.Methods
A total of 141 S. pneumoniae strains isolated between 2009–2016 in the microbiology laboratory at A. Mami Hospital of Pneumology were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed the disk diffusion method. MICs of penicillin G, amoxicillin and cefotaxime were determined by Etest. Serotyping was inferred from the results of multiplex PCR targeting 40 serotypes. Sequence types (STs) were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).Results
Among the 141 S. pneumoniae isolates, 98 (69.5%) were resistant to erythromycin. Evaluation of β-lactam susceptibility showed that 90 strains (63.8%) were non-susceptible to penicillin, whereas 48 (34.0%) had decreased susceptibility to amoxicillin and 21 (14.9%) to cefotaxime. Twenty-five serotypes were detected, and 10 isolates were classified as non-typeable. Vaccine coverage was 56.7%, 60.3% and 75.2% for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7 (PCV7), PCV10 and PCV13, respectively. Overall, 73 STs were identified, including 23 described for the first time. The most frequent STs were ST179 (n?=?17), ST3772 (n?=?14), ST2918 (n?=?10) and ST4003 (n?=?5), related to serotypes 19F, 19A, 14 and 23F, respectively. Moreover, 110 strains were classified within 45 STs. Three international antimicrobial-resistant clones were found, including Denmark14-ST230 (n?=?22), Spain9V-ST156 (n?=?22) and Portugal19F-ST177 (n?=?20).Conclusion
This study emphasises the clonal and international dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant S. pneumoniae clones. Significant differences in genetic variation were documented by MLST within the various serotypes identified. 相似文献3.
新生儿病房铜绿假单胞菌的血清学分型,质粒分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
新生儿病房1989年10月~1990年12月、1996年3~6月两个时间段分离40株铜绿假单胞菌,血清学分型率97.5%,第一时间段以O11型最多,占30.4%,集中在1990年6~10月,第二时间段O3型占93.8%,集中在1996年3~6月,表明该病房发生两次铜绿假单胞菌医院感染流行。质粒检出率42.9%,O11型菌株质粒谱为8.1、46.5、179.1kb,并经HindⅢ酶切进一步证实为同一克隆。对氟哌酸、阿米卡星及头孢他啶的敏感率分别为100%、97.3%和95%。对庆大霉素耐药率明显上升,提示控制铜绿假单胞菌医院感染的重要性。 相似文献
4.
Hoshino Y Honma S Jones RW Ross J Santos N Gentsch JR Kapikian AZ Hesse RA 《Virology》2005,332(1):177-188
Of five globally important VP7 (G) serotypes (G1-4 and 9) of group A rotaviruses (the single most important etiologic agents of infantile diarrhea worldwide), G9 continues to attract considerable attention because of its unique natural history. Serotype G9 rotavirus was isolated from a child with diarrhea first in the United States in 1983 and subsequently in Japan in 1985. Curiously, soon after their detection, G9 rotaviruses were not detected for about a decade in both countries and then reemerged in both countries in the mid-1990s. Unexpectedly, however, such reemerged G9 strains were distinct genetically and molecularly from those isolated in the 1980s. Thus, the origin of the reemerged G9 viruses remains an enigma. Sequence analysis has demonstrated that the G9 rotavirus VP7 gene belongs to one of at least three phylogenetic lineages: lineage 1 (strains isolated in the 1980s in the United States and Japan), lineage 2 (strains first isolated in 1986 and exclusively in India thus far), and lineage 3 (strains that emerged/reemerged in the mid-1990s). Currently, lineage 3 G9 viruses are the most frequently detected G9 strains globally. We characterized a porcine rotavirus (A2 strain) isolated in the United States that was known to belong to the P[7] genotype but had not been serotyped by neutralization. The A2 strain was found to bear serotype G9 and P9 specificities as well as NSP4 [B] and subgroup I characteristics. By VP7-specific neutralization, the porcine G9 strain was more closely related to lineage 3 viruses than to lineage 1 or 2 viruses. Furthermore, by sequence analysis, the A2 VP7 was shown to belong to lineage 3 G9. These findings raise intriguing questions regarding possible explanations for the emergence of variations among the G9 strains. 相似文献
5.
《Vaccine》2021,39(24):3304-3309
ObjectiveTo analyze the serotype distribution and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients of all ages in Zhongjiang county, Sichuan province, where the young children have just begun to vaccinate the PCV13 in private sector.MethodsSerotypes were determined for 387 isolates of S. pneumoniae by Quellung reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested with the E-test or disc diffusion method.ResultsThe most common serotypes were type 19F and confirmed for 88 isolates (22.7%), followed by 19A (15.0%), 6B (7.8%), 16F (7.8%), 23F (7.0%) and 15A (4.4%). The coverage rates of PCV13 and PPSV23 were 63.3% and 65.1%. With the increase of age, the proportion of PCV13 types decreased significantly, from 71.3% (<2 years old) to 41.9% (≥60 years old). The intermediate rate and resistance rate of the isolates to oral penicillin were 48.6% and 45.2%, respectively. The resistance rate of erythromycin was high (94.4%). The PCV13 isolates was more resistant to penicillin than the non-PCV13 ones.ConclusionThe PCV13 coverage rate in pediatric isolates was higher than those in adult isolates. The adults, especially the elderly, may be the reservoir of non-PCV13 types. It is necessary to investigate the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae based on all age population to assess potential epidemics of non-vaccine serotype associated with PCVs administration. 相似文献
6.
《Vaccine》2022,40(24):3338-3344
Nationwide population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is being conducted in few Asian countries. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and serotype distribution among Japanese adult patients with IPD after introduction of the pediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2013. IPD surveillance was conducted among adults between 2013 and 2019, and 1,995 patients were analyzed by time period (early, 2013–2015; middle, 2016–2017; late, 2018–2019). We found that the period of 2018–2019 was independently associated with a lower risk of fatal outcome, compared with the period of 2013–2015. The proportion of those with serotype PCV13-nonPCV7 decreased significantly in patients aged 15–64 years and in those aged ≥ 65 years within 3 years after the introduction of pediatric PCV13. By contrast, the proportion of those with nonvaccine serotype increased significantly in those aged ≥ 65 years, but not in those aged 15–64 years. No significant change was found in the proportion of 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPSV23)-nonPCV13 in both of adults aged 15–64 years and ≥ 65 years. The proportions of PCV15-, PCV20- and PCV24-covered serotypes were 38%, 56% and 58% in adult patients with IPD aged ≥ 65 years during the late period. Our data on the serotype distribution support an indirect effect from pediatric PCV13 use among adults, and afford a basis for estimates of protection against IPD by vaccination with newly developed PCVs in older adults in Japan. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2023,56(2):299-310
BackgroundSince 2015, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was included in the national immunization program in Taiwan. Subsequently, the serotypes of the main circulating Streptococcus pneumoniae strains have changed. PCV administration is also associated with changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae strains. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae in pediatric infections.MethodsChildren with S. pneumoniae infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-IPD, were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2020. The samples were collected from Mackay Memorial Hospital, MacKay Children's Hospital, and Hsinchu Mackay Hospital in Taiwan. We analyzed the epidemiology of sample collection site, infection diagnosis, and the serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae strains. The study period was divided into time points before and after PCV13 administration.ResultsIn total, 322 isolates were collected during the study period. The incidence of IPD declined annually, from 29.7% before 2015 to 7.3% after 2015 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of serotype 19 A had increased gradually since 2010 but declined rapidly after 2013. Serotypes 15 A and 23 A were the most common serotypes after 2015. The non-susceptibility of the S. pneumoniae isolates to penicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone decreased. Based on meningitis breakpoints, the non-susceptibility to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone gradually decreased, but increased in 2020.ConclusionPCV13 was considerably effective in reducing the incidence of IPD in children; however, the prevalence of serotypes 15 A and 23 A increased. The increase in antimicrobial non-susceptibility caused by non-vaccine serotypes must be continuously monitored. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
目的:了解当前本院临床分离肺炎链球菌的血清型/群分布及耐药趋势,为临床合理使用抗生素提供参考。方法:以2004~2009年临床分离的822株肺炎链球菌为研究对象,采用荚膜肿胀试验进行血清分型/群,E-test检测菌种对青霉素、头孢呋辛、头孢地尼、头孢克罗、红霉素、四环素、左氧氟沙星、万古霉素等8种抗生素的敏感性。结果:2004年青霉素不敏感肺炎链球菌(PNSP)的分离率为49.4%,并呈逐年上升趋势,至2006年PNSP分离率高达67.8%,2009年下降至51.0%。822株肺炎链球菌最常见的型/群是19群,其次是23、6、14、3、其他。PNSP在6种血清型/群中所占的比例在2004~2009年期间无显著性变化(P〉0.05)。肺炎链球菌对其他β内酰胺类抗生素的非敏感趋势类似青霉素,对红霉素、四环素的非敏感率始终在60%以上,其中青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌(PRSP)对红霉素和四环素几乎100%耐药,对左氧氟沙星、万古霉素的非敏感率均〈3%。结论:临床分离肺炎链球菌以19群、23群、6群、14群、3群常见;对β内酰胺类抗生素的非敏感率自2007年呈下降趋势,且对左氧氟沙星、万古霉素始终具有较高的敏感性。 相似文献