病耻感对中青年维持性血液透析患者心理痛苦的影响

目的 探讨自尊在中青年维持性血液透析患者病耻感与心理痛苦之间的中介效应,以及家庭亲密度在其中的调节效应。方法 采用便利抽样法,利用病耻感量表、自尊量表、家庭亲密度量表及心理痛苦温度计于2021年6月—12月对福建省福州市、莆田市4所三级甲等医院382例中青年维持性血液透析患者进行调查,应用SPSS 26.0软件进行相关分析,运用PROCESS宏程序中的Model 4进行中介效应分析和Model 58进行调节效应分析。结果中青年维持性血液透析患者心理痛苦检出率为59.7%,病耻感、自尊、家庭亲密度、心理痛苦之间存在两两相关关系（均P<0.001）。自尊在病耻感与心理痛苦间起部分中介作用（β=-0.22,t=-3.85,P<0.001）,家庭亲密度调节了这一中介过程的前半路径（β=0.19,t=5.08,P<0.001）,高的家庭亲密度会减弱病耻感对自尊的影响,反之,则增强。结论 中青年维持性血液透析患者病耻感不仅能直接正向预测心理痛苦,还能通过自尊对其产生间接的影响,家庭亲密度调节了这一过程。可采取叙事家庭疗法降低患者病耻感,提高家庭亲密度,保护自尊,减轻心理痛苦。     

A Japanese version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: translation and equivalence assessment

OBJECTIVE: A Japanese version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was developed through the forward-backward translation procedure. METHODS: Married couples consisting of a native English speaker and a native Japanese speaker acted as translators to enhance the representativeness of language in the target population. Multiple translations were produced, and a panel of reviewers identified problems in conceptual and semantic equivalence between the original scale and the translated version. The Japanese version was altered accordingly with reference to alternate Japanese forms from the original English to Japanese translations. The altered translation was again retranslated into English, and problematic differences were checked. This forward-backward process was repeated until satisfactory agreement had been attained. The RSES was administered to 222 native English speakers, and the developed Japanese version (RSES-J) was administered to 1320 native Japanese speakers. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed nearly identical factor structure and structural coefficients of the items between two sets of data. Target rotation confirmed the factorial agreement of the two scales in different cultural groups. High Cronbach's alpha coefficients supported the reliability of test scores on both versions. CONCLUSION: The equivalence between the RSES and the RSES-J was supported in this study. It is suggested that the RSES and the RSES-J are potential tools for comparative cross-cultural studies.     

绵阳市某农村社区人群自我效能、自尊与焦虑的相关性分析

目的 了解绵阳市农村社区人群焦虑情绪与自我效能、自尊之间的关系.方法 应用自我效能评估量表、自尊评估量表和广泛性焦虑量表,对绵阳市游仙区农村社区1 984名村民进行测查.结果 焦虑情绪与自我效能成显著负相关（r=-0.25,P〈0.01）,焦虑情绪与自尊成显著负相关（r=-0.25,P〈0.01）,自我效能与自尊成显著正相关（r=0.50,P〈0.01）.结论 绵阳市农村社区人群焦虑情绪与自我效能、自尊之间存在相关关系.     

Insight into illness, neurocognition and quality of life in schizophrenia

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of insight into illness on self-reported quality of life (QoL) for patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the psychiatric department of a French public university teaching hospital. The data collected included socio-demographic information, clinical characteristics, medications, cognitive performance assessments, insight into illness, and the S-QoL 18. A multivariate analysis using multiple linear regressions was performed to determine variables potentially associated with QoL levels.

Results

One hundred and thirteen outpatients with stable schizophrenia were enrolled in our study.Significant associations were found between QoL and socio-demographic characteristics: a higher QoL was associated with marital status (in couple) and employment. Concerning insight into illness, lower QoL levels were associated with better awareness of the mental disorder, whereas higher QoL levels were associated with better awareness of positive and negative symptoms. Elementary neuropsychological measures were not statistically associated with QoL.

Conclusion

Insight into illness, marital status and employment were the most important features associated with QoL, whereas there was no evidence that elementary neurocognition directly influenced QoL. The different facets of insight into illness should be considered to guide the development of specific interventions intended to improve QoL. Moreover, this study highlights the need for clinicians to pay more attention to the personal impact of schizophrenia, especially upon family life and work.     

Improving Self-Esteem in Women Diagnosed with Turner Syndrome: Results of a Pilot Intervention

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate a brief intervention to improve the self esteem of women diagnosed with Turner syndrome (TS).DesignProspective observational study.SettingTurner Syndrome Support Society, UK.Participants30 women aged 18-60 years.InterventionA 1-day psychology workshop targeting problems of self-esteem in women diagnosed with TS. The workshop drew on cognitive-behavioral therapy and narrative therapy skills and emphasized increased self-awareness of interpersonal difficulties and improved capacity for self-management.Main Outcome MeasuresRosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSS); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); bespoke user experiences questionnaire.ResultsAll 30 women provided baseline data, 27/30 provided immediate post-intervention data and 22/30 provided follow-up data at 3 months. The intervention improved RSS and HADS scores at 3 months.ConclusionGeneric skills-based psychological interventions have the potential to be adapted to provide brief and low-cost interventions to improve self-esteem and reduce psychological distress in women diagnosed with TS.     

陆军新兵自尊水平与人格、总体幸福感的关系

目的量化评估某部陆军新兵的自尊水平与人格、总体幸福感的关系,为实施新兵心理健康教育提供指导。方法采用自尊量表、艾森克人格问卷、总体幸福感量表对入伍的240名新兵进行团体测定。结果 (1)高自尊组新兵精神质、神经质得分显著低于低自尊组新兵(P0.01);总体幸福感得分显著高于低自尊组新兵(P0.01)。(2)自尊与总体幸福感呈显著正相关(P0.01),与精神质、神经质、说慌呈显著负相关(P0.05)。(3)对自尊水平影响大小依次是神经质、总体幸福感、精神质。结论不同自尊水平的新兵之间其人格、总体幸福感存在差异;自尊与人格、总体幸福感关系密切;自尊水平受人格、总体幸福感的影响。     

Acceptability of a Pilot Intervention of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision and HIV Education for Street-Connected Youth in Western Kenya

Purpose

Street-connected youth (SCY) in Kenya and elsewhere in sub–Saharan Africa are at high risk of HIV. Voluntary Male Medical Circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of female-to-male HIV transmission. Circumcision is also a traditional coming-of-age process in many Kenyan ethnic groups. This paper describes the acceptability of VMMC delivered as part of a ten-day healing, educational, and ‘coming-of-age’ retreat implemented as a pilot with SCY.

大学新生集体自尊与学习倦怠的关系

目的检验集体自尊与学习倦怠的关系。方法对800名大学新生施测集体自尊量表和学习倦怠量表。结果①大学新生轻度倦怠的检出率为29.4%,中度倦怠的检出率为49.5%,高度倦怠的检出率为7.1%。②除情绪耗竭与身份重要性相关不显著(P>0.05)外,集体自尊各维度与学习倦怠各维度的相关均达到显著性水平(P<0.01),成员资格自尊、私密性集体自尊对学习倦怠的各维度预测作用显著(P<0.01)。结论大学新生的学习倦怠问题不容忽视,要积极采取干预措施,并充分考虑集体自尊的影响。     

A Prospective Study of Self-Esteem and Alcohol Use Disorders in Early Adulthood: Evidence for Gender Differences

The relations among gender, self-esteem, and DSM-III alcohol use disorder diagnoses were examined in a sample of 217 men and 240 women evaluated at four annual assessments over the college years. The results support clinical observations that low self-esteem plays a particularly important etiological role in alcohol problems in women relative to men. Women who had an alcohol use disorder during years 3 and/or 4 showed relatively low levels of self-esteem throughout the study period. Furthermore, the study provides clear evidence for prospective prediction from year 1 self-esteem to year 4 alcohol use disorder diagnosis for women, but not for men. There was minimal evidence to suggest that alcohol use predicts later self-esteem.