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Terje Traavik 《Journal of virological methods》1982,3(6):337-347
Serum IgM antibodies directed against the rubella virus hemagglutinin can be detected without prior serum fractionation. In the first step of a newly developed method, chick erythrocytes were sensitized with a subhemagglutinating dose of rubella hemagglutinin. Next, the sensitized erythrocytes were mixed with patient serum, allowing specific antibodies to react with the fixed antigens. Finally, rabbit antibodies to human IgM were used to create bridges between IgM molecules on different blood cells. The visible result was an easily read hemagglutination with sera which contain specific rubella IgM antibodies. The procedure is very simple and rapid to perform. At least 20 sera can be examined in approximately 2 h. No sophisticated instruments are needed.We have tentatively called the new method rubella anti-IgM hemagglutination (HA). Rubella antiIgM HA was more sensitive than the standard density gradient centrifugation/hemagglutination inhibition technique, but the correlation between the methods was good. Non-specific inhibitors of hemagglutination or rheumatoid factors did not seem to interfere with the specificity of the new method, and competition for antigenic sites between antibodies from the IgG/IgA and IgM classes did not seem to represent a serious, practical problem. 相似文献
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Markus Gantert Felicitas Lewrick Joanna E. Adrian Jochen Rössler Thomas Steenpaß Rolf Schubert Regine Peschka-Süss 《Pharmaceutical research》2009,26(3):529-538
Purpose The challenge in developing liposomes to be used in active drug targeting is to design a method that can be used for modifying
liposomal membranes that is applicable for a number of different specific ligands. In this study, the post insertion technique
was used with activated sterol-PEG1300 anchors and was evaluated with regard to its effectiveness in active targeting in vitro. The key advantage of these anchors is that the insertion step into the liposomal membrane takes place at room temperature
and is very fast.
Materials and Methods For in vitro experiments, neuroblastoma cell lines overexpressing GD2 antigen on their surface as a target structure were chosen. This
allowed the use of anti-GD2 antibodies coupled to the liposomal surface for testing of specific binding. These modified liposomes
were labelled with rhodamine-PE and their cellular association was analyzed by flow cytometry.
Results It was shown that the activated sterol-PEG1300 anchors allow specific and significant interactions of the modified liposomes with GD2 positive cells.
Conclusion Coupling using sterol-PEG1300 anchors is both simple and rapid. It is reproducible and applicable for all ligands bearing amino groups. This method demonstrates
the advantage of a ready-to-use system for the modification of pre-formed liposomes with different ligands.
M. Gantert and F. Lewrick contributed equally to this publication. 相似文献
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