AOAb与卵巢反应性的相关性

目的:探讨抗卵巢抗体(AOAb)对卵巢反应性的影响。方法:选择在本生殖医学中心进行IVF-ET技术治疗的血清AOAb阳性妇女35例(研究组)、血清AOAb阴性妇女198例(对照组)作为研究对象,观察两组妇女卵巢体积、基础FSH、基础卵泡数、IVF-ET周期获卵子数等指标,同时根据获得卵子数分组,分析其与bFSH、Gn用量的相关性。结果:两组患者卵巢大小无明显区别,但是研究组bFSH水平明显高于对照组,基础窦卵泡数明显低于对照组;研究组Gn用量显著高于对照组,而获卵子数少于对照组;获卵子数与Gn用量及基础FSH呈负相关。结论:AOAb阳性IVF-ET妇女卵巢储备功能已经开始下降,常规对IVF-ET妇女进行血清抗卵巢抗体检测是必要的。     

Frontal brain asymmetry and affective flexibility in an emotional contagion paradigm

This study was aimed at examining the relation of an individual's EEG asymmetry in the lateral frontal cortex, assessed in resting conditions, to affective flexibility. An auditory paradigm was used to induce negative (sad) and positive (cheerful) affective states, and state-dependent shifts of dorsolateral EEG asymmetry in response to and after the emotional provocations were observed. A Left>Right activation pattern at rest was associated with a shift to the right during negative and a shift to the left during positive stimulation, and efficient recovery after negative stimulation. Right>Left participants appeared unresponsive to both sounds. Distinct and differentiated responses to provocation with negative and positive affect and efficient recovery suggest that Left>Right prefrontal activity at rest is related to a flexible pattern of affective responding, which has been linked to adaptive emotional processing in the relevant literature.     

Interrelationships Between Human Classical Differential Electrodermal Conditioning, Orienting Reaction, Responsivity, and Awareness of Stimulus Contingencies

The main purpose of studying the interrelationships listed in the title was to examine the orienting-reaction (OR) and cognitive (awareness) interpretations of differential electrodermal conditioning (DEC). The method was to perform correlational analyses on the data obtained from three DEC experiments (N = 32, 40, and 32, respectively) which together provided variations in such factors as the CS-US interval, and the sensitivity of the awareness measure of subjective contingency (SC). Following Zeiner and Schell (1971), the OR and responsivity measures were obtained, respectively, from preliminary CS+ trials (tone and light) to-be-paired with the US and from US (shock) trials. The results clearly disconfirmed the cognitive interpretation, since SC was not correlated either with DEC or with OR in any of the experiments. The OR interpretation received some support, but could handle the following aspects of the results only with difficulty: (a) some significant correlations of responsivity with DEC; (b) the fact that the apparently large OR-DEC correlations were reduced when statistical control (through partial correlations) was imposed for the influence of consistent individual differences in responding to the CS+ and CS- stimuli before any conditioning had taken place; (c) the fact that when these individual differences were not significantly present (in Exp. III), the OR-DEC correlation was also not significant. It was noted that the first aspect supported an S-R, contiguity-reinforcement account of DEC, an account which differs from the cognitive and OR interpretations inasmuch as it does not attempt to reduce DEC to some other process.     

Responsivity and development of tolerance to the motor impairing effects of moderate doses of ethanol in alcohol-preferring (P) and -nonpreferring (NP) rat lines

BACKGROUND: Research comparing the alcohol-preferring (P) and -nonpreferring (NP) rat lines has detected an apparent association between ethanol preference and lower responsivity to ethanol, as well as the capacity to develop and maintain tolerance to ethanol's effects. However, past studies of tolerance to ethanol's effects generally involved relatively high doses. The present study examined recovery from functional impairment induced by moderate doses of ethanol after a single dose (responsivity) and after multiple doses (development of tolerance) in the P and NP rat lines. METHOD: Adult female P and NP rats were trained, for 5 consecutive days, to stay on an oscillating bar for 120 sec. Rats were then assigned to one of three groups to receive 1.0, 1.25, or 1.5 g/kg ethanol for 5 consecutive test days. Rats were tested each day at 15-min intervals, following intraperitoneal injection, until recovery to the 120 sec criterion. RESULTS: On the first test day, NP rats took longer to recover to criterion than the P rats following the 1.0 and 1.25 g/kg doses, whereas at the 1.5 g/kg dose no line difference was evident. Trunk blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), associated with time to recovery, indicated higher values for the P than NP rat on day 1 following injection of the two lower doses. Compared to day 1, NP rats demonstrated significantly shorter times to recovery beginning on day 2 following injections of the 1.0 and 1.25 g/kg doses. However, NP rats did not show significantly different recovery times on days 2-5 compared to day 1 following injection of the 1.5 g/kg dose. The shorter recovery times at the 1.0 and 1.25 g/kg doses were associated with BACs at recovery on day 3 being equal to or greater than values obtained on day 1. In contrast, compared to day 1, P rats did not show shorter recovery times until days 3 and 5 following the 1.0 and 1.25 g/kg doses, respectively. However, P rats did demonstrate shorter recovery times on day 2 and higher BACs on day 3 compared to day 1 following the 1.5 g/kg dose. CONCLUSION: With regard to motor impairment, lower responsivity to moderate doses of ethanol may be a factor associated with high alcohol-seeking behavior. The present results confirm past research supporting an association between ethanol preference and low ethanol responsivity but at doses that are more reflective of those self-administered by P rats.     

Predictors of psychological treatment noncompletion among sexual offenders

Research indicates that sexual offenders who do not complete their treatment are more likely to reoffend than are those who do complete it (Hanson et al., 2002; Losël & Schmucker, 2005). Several investigators have attempted to identify the characteristics of those individuals who do not complete treatment, most likely with the aim of preventing recidivism and the disastrous consequences that offenders' behavior has for their victims and for society at large. The objective of the present article is to review studies of treatment noncompletion among sexual offenders. We found that between 15% and 86% of sexual offenders do not complete treatment. In addition, results of the 18 studies reviewed diverge to the point where it is difficult to draw unequivocal conclusions about the variables related to the phenomenon. Only antisocial personality disorder and certain features of antisocial personality disorder appear to be related consistently and significantly to the discontinuation of treatment. These features are conceptualized under the three principles of effective treatment for general offenders. We present an analysis of the methodological limitations common to all of the studies reviewed in order to explain why confusion seems to reign supreme in the literature in this area at the present time, and we offer recommendations for future research in light of these limitations.     

不同类型急性脑损伤患者脑血流和脑血管反应性的动态变化及临床意义

目的应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD),检测外伤性脑损伤和缺血缺氧性脑病患者脑血管血流变化,探讨脑血流及其反应性变化的临床意义。方法应用TCD检测对照组、外伤性脑损伤(TBI)和心肺复苏后缺血缺氧性脑病患者(HIE),观察大脑中动脉血流参数(收缩峰、舒张期末、平均血流速度及搏动和阻力指数)变化,以及病程第1、3、5d的脑血管二氧化碳反应性,评价其与预后的关系。结果HIE与对照组相比,大脑中动脉舒张末流速与平均流速明显降低,而脉搏指数和阻力指数明显增加(P值均<0.05)。TBI与对照组间除收缩峰流速外均无明显差异;而与HIE组相比,除阻力指数外,其它血流参数均存在明显差异。HIE和TBI患者脑血管对二氧化碳反应性均呈现先下降后上升的趋势,并且脑血管的反应性与患者预后明显相关。结论不同类型脑损伤脑血流的变化不同,但其脑血管反应性的变化均可评估患者预后。     

Patterns and stability of cardiovascular responses to variations of the cold pressor test

Test-retest reliabilities and patterns of heart rate and blood pressure responses were examined using variations in the cold pressor test in 113 normotensive white college men. Comparisons were made of stimulus site (forehead vs. foot) and bodily posture (seated vs. supine) across four separate groups of men. The stability of cardiovascular responses was examined over a 2-week test-retest interval. Different cardiovascular response patterns emerged as a function of stimulation site and posture. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increases were accompanied by bradycardia in the forehead cold pressor task but by tachycardia in the foot cold pressor task. Systolic blood pressure increases were larger for foot than for forehead stimulation. Heart rate increases were larger for supine than for seated men. Effects on response were independent of postural differences at baseline, and there were no stimulation site by posture interactions. The cardiovascular responses to stimulation did not attenuate across sessions in any experimental condition but were more reliable for foot than for forehead stimulation and for supine than for seated posture. Short-term stability for changes to the task approached that for baseline and task and was higher than has been reported elsewhere.     

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ORIENTING, CONDITIONABILITY, AND SKIN RESISTANCE RESPONSIVITY

Forty-eight college students, after serving as Ss in a SRR discrimination conditioning experiment, were divided into quartiles on magnitude of SRR to both noxious (UCS) and innocuous (CS) stimuli. With both orienting response (OR) measures, i.e. to the CS and to the UCS, it was shown that subjects giving large ORs gave significantly larger responses to both CS+ and CS? (during conditioning) than did Ss giving small ORs. On the basis of the innocuous stimulus split, Ss giving large ORs demonstrated both significantly faster and greater discrimination conditioning than did Ss giving small ORs. Such differences in rate and amount of discrimination conditioning were not demonstrated with the noxious stimulus split. In other words, with the noxious stimulus measure there is only a significant response level effect, but with the innocuous stimulus definition of OR, there is a significant response level effect, and a significant effect on rate and amount of discrimination conditioning. Thus, noxious and innocuous stimulus definitions of OR do not appear to be measuring the same process.